CHILD DEVELOPMENT AND CARE
Subject:
Home Economics
Term:
First Term
Week:
Week 2
Class:
JSS 3 / BASIC 9
Previous lesson: Pupils have previous knowledge of
CONSUMER CHALLENGES AND RIGHTS
that was taught in their previous lesson
Topic:
CHILD DEVELOPMENT AND CARE
Behavioural objectives: At the end of the lesson, the pupils should be able to
1. Say the benefits of child development and care
2. Explain how to get the best out of child development and care
3. Say when to start child development and care
4. Say what to consider when choosing a child development and care program
Instructional Materials:
- Wall charts
- Pictures
- Related Online Video
- Flash Cards
Methods of Teaching:
- Class Discussion
- Group Discussion
- Asking Questions
- Explanation
- Role Modelling
- Role Delegation
Reference Materials:
- Scheme of Work
- Online Information
- Textbooks
- Workbooks
- 9 Year Basic Education Curriculum
- Workbooks
Content :
CHILD DEVELOPMENT AND CARE
Meaning and Stages of Child Development
Growth is an increase in the physical size of the whole body. It is measured in metres and kilograms.
Development is an increase in skill and complexity of function.
Child development is the story of how infants become toddlers, preschoolers, school-age children, and Pre adolescents. It traces how they develop social, emotional, physical and intellectual abilities that will serve them for the rest of their lives. Child development also involves other areas such as language, symbolic thought, logic, memory, emotional awareness, empathy, a moral sense, and self-identity. Children develop at different rates. Some may be fast and others slow.
Stages of Child Development
1st month:
Head sags needs support.
Hands tightly curled or fisted.
Sleeps most of the time, feeds and cries.
2nd month:
Weaves arms about when lying on his back.
Turn head towards direction of sounds.
Have a regular routine such as sleeping all night.
3rd month:
Looks at people and follows their movements.
Hearing is fairly developed.
Smiles and enjoys colours and light.
Can hold head up slightly.
Hold an object placed in his hand e.g. a rattle.
4th month:
Hold head erect. Smiles and shows excitement.
Eyes can follow moving objects slowly.
Can reach for his toes.
5th month:
Reaches for an object.
Puts everything within reach into the mouth.
Sits with slight support.
Becomes selective in taste.
Birth- weight may be doubled.
6th month:
Birth – weight doubled.
Recognizes constant members of the family.
Sits without support.
Hands and eyes work more together.
Starts teething (milk teeth)
7th – 8th month:
Transfers objects from one hand to the other.
Begins to associate words with people, ideas or objects.
Uses toys freely.
Sits confidently and crawls.
9th – 12th month:
Understands some words and can say very few.
Birth-weight triples.
Crawls very well, stands holding on to objects.
Gradually stands unaided.
Takes first steps.
More teeth appear.
Factors that Influence Child Development
1. Genetics:
Genetics is one of the most important factors that affect child development. The genes that a person inherits from their parents play a huge role in how a child turns out. This includes everything from their physical appearance to their personality traits.
There are many different genes that can influence a child’s development, and scientists are still discovering new ones all the time. Some of the most well-known genes include the ones that code for height, eye color, and hair color. However, there are also many genes that affect less visible traits, such as intelligence or susceptibility to diseases.
Parents often want to know what kind of genes their child has inherited, in order to better understand how to raise them. Unfortunately, there is not always a clear answer. Some genetic traits are easy to predict, while others are much more complex and can be affected by numerous different genes. Additionally, the environment also has a significant impact on child development, so it is difficult to isolate genetics as the only factor involved.
Despite these limitations, genetics is still an extremely important factor in child development. Parents who are aware of their child’s genetic makeup can take steps to ensure that they receive the best possible care and upbringing. In some cases, this may even involve specialized medical care or interventions. By understanding genetics, parents can give their children the best chance at reaching their full potential.
2. Parenting Styles: Examples of parenting styles that affect child development and growth are the following
– Authoritative parenting style
– Authoritarian parenting style
– Permissive parenting style
– Uninvolved parenting style
There are a variety of different parenting styles that can affect child development. Some of the most common parenting styles are authoritarian, authoritative, and permissive.
The authoritarian parenting style is characterized by high expectations, rules, and discipline. Parents who use this style tend to be very strict and demanding. Children who are raised with an authoritarian parenting style often have trouble expressing their feelings and tend to be shy and withdrawn.
The authoritative parenting style is characterized by high expectations, rules, and discipline, but also a lot of warmth and support. Parents who use this style tend to be very involved in their children’s lives and give them a lot of guidance but also allow them to make their own decisions. Children who are raised with an authoritative parenting style often have good self-esteem and are able to express their feelings.
The permissive parenting style is characterized by low expectations, few rules, and little discipline. Parents who use this style tend to be very laid-back and often let their children do whatever they want. Children who are raised with a permissive parenting style often have poor self-control and trouble following rules.
3. Social Environment:
4. Nutrition:
5. Health:
6. Emotional Well-being:
There are two major factors that influence child development:
(a) Heredity
(b) Environment
Heredity is the tendency for a parent to transfer his/her characteristics to his/her child such as colour of skin, eyes, noses, etc. The units which bear heredity in our body cells are called GENES.
Environment includes everything that is outside the child e.g. Love and care he/she receives, the family, feeding, toys, home surrounding, clothing, shelter, etc.
Conditions Necessary for Child Development
The following environmental conditions are necessary for normal development of a child:
(i) Love and care from family.
(ii) Good nutrition: Children are growing at a rapid rate and need plenty of nutritious foods to help them grow and develop strong, healthy bodies. Their meals must always be balanced.
(iii) Clothing: They need clothing that is suitable for different weather conditions.
(iv) Exercise: Children demand plenty of opportunities for exercises. These help them to develop strong bones, muscles and motor skills.
(v) Rest: Children bodies need plenty of rest due to their activeness and rapid growth. Good sleep habits promote health and well- being.
(vi) Medical care: This is necessary for the development of the children.
(vii) A safe and conducive environment: Safety is needed for children to develop. Therefore parents must provide safe and conducive environment.
(viii) Good school: When the child has reached school age, the school should provide him with an environment that stimulates his physical, mental, emotional and social abilities.
(ix) Society; It is a child’s widest environment that helps him to learn those things which the school and home do not teach.
- Explain the concept of child development.
- Explain how the following influences child development;
- (i) Heredity
- (ii) Environment
- Different between growth and development.
- List eight conditions necessary for child development.
- What is genetics and what are its effects on child development?
- What are some of the most common genetic disorders that can affect child development?
- How can parents prepare for a child with a genetic disorder?
- How does genetics contribute to personality traits and characteristics?
- Can genetics be used to predict a child’s future health?
- Are there any genetic tests that can be used to screen for potential health problems in children?
- How do genes get passed down from parents to children?
- Can siblings of a child with a genetic disorder also be affected?
- What is genome sequencing and how can it be used in child development?
- What are the implications of gene editing and gene therapy in child development?
Presentation
Step 1:
The subject teacher introduces the new topic
Step 2.
He introduces the new topic
Step 3:
The class teacher allows the pupils to give their own examples and he corrects them when the needs arise
Evaluation
- Explain the concept of child development.
- Explain how the following influences child development;
- (i) Heredity
- (ii) Environment
- Different between growth and development.
- List eight conditions necessary for child development.
- What is genetics and what are its effects on child development?
- What are some of the most common genetic disorders that can affect child development?
- How can parents prepare for a child with a genetic disorder?
- How does genetics contribute to personality traits and characteristics?
- Can genetics be used to predict a child’s future health?
- Are there any genetic tests that can be used to screen for potential health problems in children?
- How do genes get passed down from parents to children?
- Can siblings of a child with a genetic disorder also be affected?
- What is genome sequencing and how can it be used in child development?
- What are the implications of gene editing and gene therapy in child development?
- Mention two benefits of child development and care
- How to get the best out of child development and care
- When to start child development and care
- What to consider when choosing a child development and care program