Classification of crops according to their Uses and Types

Subject : 

AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE

Term :

1ST TERM

Week:

WEEK 7

Class :

Primary 5

Topic :

Classification according to life span

Previous lesson: 

The pupils have previous knowledge of

Classification according to life span

that was taught as a topic in the previous lesson

Behavioural objectives :

At the end of the lesson, the pupils should be able to

• Define life span
• Explain the meaning of annual, biannual and perennial
• Classify crops based on their lifespan

Instructional Materials:

• Wall charts
• Pictures
• Related Online Video
• Flash Cards

Methods of Teaching:

• Class Discussion
• Group Discussion
• Asking Questions
• Explanation
• Role Modelling
• Role Delegation

Reference Materials:

• Scheme of Work
• Online Information
• Textbooks
• Workbooks
• 9 Year Basic Education Curriculum
• Workbooks

Content:

Classification of Crops based on their Uses: There are many classes of crops depending on their types and uses. These are cereals, legumes, tubers, vegetables, fruits, beverages, oils, drugs, spices, latex and sugar crops.

Crops can be classified based on their uses as:

1. Cereal crops: They are those crops grown mainly for their grains. These are plants that are grown to produce grains used for food by man and animals. They are mostly grasses e.g. rice, millets, wheat, sorghum, barley and maize. They are rich in carbohydrates.

Uses of Cereals 

1. • As raw materials for industries
   • For feeding domestic animals.
   • For making starch.
   • As pap for meals, especially breakfast.
   • Roasted, boiled, and eaten, e.g. maize.
   • Cooked as food, e.g. rice.
   • For making flour used in baking bread and producing biscuits, e.g. wheat.
2. Pulse crops (Legumes): They are leguminous crops that are rich in protein. These are plants of the beans family. They produce pods that bear seeds in rows. The pods are split into two along their lengths when dry to bring out the seeds e.g. soya beans groundnut, pigeon pea, green beans, cowpea etc.
   • Uses of Legumes
   • Some are used for making animal feed.
   • Some are used for preparing babies’ food.
   • Some can be prepared into flour for baking bread.
   • Some can be ground and fried as balls, e.g. akara balls.
   • Legumes can be boiled, eaten alone or eaten with other food items.
3. Fruit Crops: They are those crops that are rich in vitamins and mineral salts.These are crops grown for the purpose of producing fruits for man and animals.e.g. orange, grape, mango, paw-paw, banana, avocado pear, pineapple, guava etc.
4. Root and Tuber Crops: Tubers are the roots of some crops, They are crops grown mainly for their root and tuber; they are rich in carbohydrates.  They grow inside the soil.  e.g. cassava, yam, coco yam, lrish potato, sweet potato etc.
   • Uses of Root and Tuber crops 
   • Some can be processed into starch for use in industries.
   • Cassava can be processed into garri for food.
   • Some can be fried as chips for food.
   • Some can be prepared into flour meal, e.g. amala (yam) and foofoo(cassava).
   • Some can be pounded and eaten with soup.
   • Yam and cassava can be boiled or roasted for food.
5. Vegetable Crops: Vegetables are mostly annual crops that we eat as food. They are also rich in vitamins and minerals. They may be leafy vegetables or fruit vegetables e.g. tomatoes, okro, water-leaf, spinach, pumpkin, bitter leaf etc.
   • Uses of Vegetable crops 
   • They can be eaten raw or used in making salad.
   • Their leaves and fruits are used for preparing soup.
   • They can be processed into fruit juices and drinks.
6. Spices: They are those crops that give flavour to our food e.g. onions, ginger, garlic, pepper etc.
7. Beverage Crops: These are those crops used to make beverages. These are crops grown for the purpose of producing food drinks as their end product. e.g. cocoa, tea, coffee etc.
   • Uses of Beverage Crops
   • Some beverage crops are used for making chocolate.
   • Beverage crops are used for preparing food drinks.
8. Latex Crops: They are those crops that secret latex used by rubber industries to produce rubber materials like plastic containers, tyres, soles of shoes etc.
9. Fibre Crops: They are crops used for making clothing materials, ropes and bags e.g. cotton, sisal, kenaf, hibiscus etc.
10. Oil Crops: They are those crops that can provide oil when processed e.g. oil palm, groundnut, melon, coconut, soybean, cotton etc
11. Drug or Medicinal Crops: These are drugs that are cultivated for their medicinal valuies .at times they are used as drug eg ginger , garlic,

Presentation

The topic is presented step by step

Step 1:

The class teacher revises the previous topics

Step 2.

He introduces the new topic

Step 3:

The class teacher allows the pupils to give their own examples and he corrects them when the needs arise

Evaluation

Objectives Part A 

1. _______ crops are mostly grains and are good sources of carbohydrates (a) Cereal (b) Legumes (c) Tuber
2. Plants that complete their life span within two years are called _______ plants (a) annual (b) biennial (c) perennial
3. Cereals are rich in _______ (a) Carbohydrates (b) protein (c) vitamin
4. Palm, cocoa, mango, citrus, guava and kola are examples of ________ crops.  (a) annual (b) biennial (c) perennial
5. Rice, Millet, wheat and sorghum are examples of ________ (a) Cereal (b) Legumes (c) Tuber
6. Onions, cassava, pepper, ginger, carrots, and cabbage are examples of ______ crops (a) annual (b) biennial (c) perennial
7. Legumes are rich in ________(a) Carbohydrates (b) protein (c) vitamin
8. Maize is an example of _____ crop. (a) annual (b) biennial (c) perennial
9. Plants that are in pods that bear seeds in rows are called _____ (a) Carbohydrates (b) protein (c) vitamin
10. Ground nuts and beans are examples of ______(a) Tubers (b) Legumes (c) Cereals
11. Legumes like a beans can be baked to make bean cake like àkàrà _______(a) True (b) false (c) Not sure
12. _______ crops are rich in vitamins and raw materials for fruit juice (a) fruit (b) Tuber (c) cereal
13. ______ is used to produce Elubo lafu (a) orange (b) Cassava (c) beans
14. _______ is used to produce gbegiri soup (a) Beans (b) cocoyam (c) rice
15. Yam is a ______ crop (a) cereal (b) Tuber (c) vegetable
16. ______ is used to produce Fufu (a) Cassava (b) melon (c) okro
17. Onion and, ginger, garlic or nutmeg are examples of ______ crops (a) spice (b) cereal (c) beverage
18. Latex crops are used to produce ______ (a) rubber (b) chocolate (c) fruit juice
19. Groundnuts, melon and palm are good examples of ______ crops (a) latex (b) oil (c) beverage
20. Bitter leaf is an example of ______ crop (a) medicinal (b) beverage (c) latex

Theory Part B

1. Name three ways by which we can classify crops
2. What are cereal crops
3. List four examples of cereal crops
4. Mention four uses of cereal crops
5. What are perennial crops? Give examples
6. What are legumes.
7. Give four examples of crops that are legumes
8. List four examples of legumes
9. Write four examples of Fruit Crops
10. What are latex crops

Conclusion

The class teacher wraps up or concludes the lesson by giving out short notes to summarize the topic that he or she has just taught.

The class teacher also goes round to make sure that the notes are well copied or well written by the pupils.

He or she does the necessary corrections when and where the needs arise.