Healthy Ears and Nose: Structure, Functions, and Care Home Economics JSS 1 First Term Lesson Notes Week 4

Lesson Plan: The Human Body (Ears and Nose)

Subject:

Home Economics

Class:

JSS 1

Term:

First Term

Week:

4

Age:

11-12 years

Topic:

The Human Body

Sub-Topics:

1. Structure and Parts of the Ears and Nose
2. Functions of the Ears and Nose
3. Care and Grooming of the Ears and Nose

Duration:

40 minutes

Behavioral Objectives:

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. Identify the structure and parts of the ears and nose.
2. Explain the functions of the ears and nose.
3. Discuss the proper care and grooming of the ears and nose.

Keywords:

• Ears
• Nose
• Grooming
• Structure
• Functions

Set Induction:

The teacher begins the lesson by asking students about their daily routines for cleaning their ears and nose. The teacher then explains that understanding the structure and care of these body parts is crucial for maintaining good health.

Entry Behavior:

Students have basic knowledge of washing their faces and ears during daily hygiene practices.

Learning Resources and Materials:

• Pictures showing the structure of the ears and nose
• Cotton swabs, tissues, and clean water for demonstration
• Charts of ears and nose anatomy

Building Background/Connection to Prior Knowledge:

Students are familiar with basic facial hygiene, like washing their face and blowing their nose. This lesson builds on that knowledge to understand the importance of grooming and caring for the ears and nose.

Embedded Core Skills:

• Self-awareness
• Personal hygiene
• Health management

Learning Materials:

• Home Economics textbook
• Charts or posters showing the structure of the ears and nose

Reference Books:

Lagos State Scheme of Work
Basic Home Economics Textbook for JSS 1

Instructional Materials:

• Charts showing the structure of the ears and nose
• Cotton swabs, tissues, and clean water for ear and nose cleaning demonstration

Content

Structure and Parts of the Ears:

1. Outer Ear (Pinna) – The visible part of the ear that directs sound into the ear canal.
2. Ear Canal – The tube through which sound travels to the eardrum.
3. Eardrum (Tympanic Membrane) – A thin membrane that vibrates when sound waves hit it.
4. Middle Ear (Ossicles) – Tiny bones (hammer, anvil, and stirrup) that amplify sound vibrations.
5. Inner Ear (Cochlea) – A spiral-shaped structure that converts sound into electrical signals for the brain.
6. Eustachian Tube – A canal that helps maintain pressure in the middle ear.

Structure and Parts of the Nose:

1. Nostrils (Nares) – The external openings of the nose that allow air to enter.
2. Nasal Cavity – The inside of the nose where air is filtered and warmed.
3. Nasal Septum – The cartilage that divides the two nostrils.
4. Olfactory Bulb – The structure that helps detect and identify smells.
5. Sinuses – Air-filled spaces that help humidify the air and enhance voice resonance.

Functions of the Ears:

1. Hearing – The ears receive and process sound waves to allow us to hear.
2. Balance – The inner ear helps maintain balance and body posture.
3. Protective Reflexes – The ears protect the body by triggering reflexes, such as pulling away from loud noises.

Functions of the Nose:

1. Breathing – The nose is the main entry point for air into the body.
2. Smelling – The nose allows us to detect different smells.
3. Filtering – The nose filters dust, pollen, and other particles from the air we breathe.
4. Humidifying – The nose moistens the air before it reaches the lungs.

Care and Grooming of the Ears:

1. Cleaning – Clean the outer ear with a damp cloth and avoid inserting objects into the ear canal.
2. Avoid Loud Sounds – Protect your ears from exposure to loud noises to prevent hearing loss.
3. Check for Infections – If your ears hurt or you notice discharge, visit a doctor for a check-up.
4. Dry Ears Properly – Dry your ears thoroughly after swimming or bathing to prevent infections.

Care and Grooming of the Nose:

1. Blow Gently – Blow your nose gently to remove mucus, using tissues or a clean handkerchief.
2. Wash Regularly – Wash your nose with clean water to keep it free of dust and dirt.
3. Avoid Picking – Avoid picking your nose with dirty hands to prevent infections.
4. Breathe Through the Nose – Breathing through the nose filters and humidifies the air you inhale.

Evaluation (15 Fill-in-the-Blank Questions with Options)

1. The visible part of the ear is called the _______.
   a) Ear canal
   b) Outer ear
   c) Eardrum
   d) Inner ear
2. The part of the ear that vibrates when sound waves hit it is the _______.
   a) Eardrum
   b) Cochlea
   c) Hammer
   d) Eustachian tube
3. The _______ helps the ear maintain pressure.
   a) Inner ear
   b) Ear canal
   c) Eustachian tube
   d) Outer ear
4. The main entry point for air into the body is the _______.
   a) Nose
   b) Mouth
   c) Ears
   d) Sinuses
5. The _______ helps detect smells.
   a) Olfactory bulb
   b) Nostrils
   c) Nasal cavity
   d) Nasal septum
6. To protect your ears from infections, you should _______.
   a) Insert objects into them
   b) Keep them dry
   c) Avoid loud sounds
   d) Both b and c
7. The _______ in the nose filters dust and particles from the air.
   a) Sinuses
   b) Eustachian tube
   c) Nasal cavity
   d) Nasal septum
8. The spiral-shaped part of the ear that converts sound to signals is the _______.
   a) Cochlea
   b) Hammer
   c) Stirrup
   d) Ossicles
9. It is important to clean your ears using _______.
   a) Cotton swabs inside the ear
   b) A damp cloth on the outer ear
   c) Fingers
   d) Any sharp object
10. The nose helps humidify the air before it reaches the _______.
    a) Sinuses
    b) Brain
    c) Eardrum
    d) Lungs
11. The tiny bones in the middle ear are called the _______.
    a) Ossicles
    b) Cochlea
    c) Pinna
    d) Eustachian tube
12. Blowing your nose gently prevents damage to the _______.
    a) Nostrils
    b) Nasal septum
    c) Ear canal
    d) Eustachian tube
13. The _______ divides the two nostrils.
    a) Nasal cavity
    b) Nasal septum
    c) Olfactory bulb
    d) Sinuses
14. _______ sounds can damage your ears.
    a) Soft
    b) Loud
    c) Moderate
    d) Musical
15. The _______ in the nose helps enhance voice resonance.
    a) Olfactory bulb
    b) Sinuses
    c) Nasal cavity
    d) Nasal septum

Class Activity Discussion (15 FAQs)

1. What is the pinna?
   The pinna is the outer, visible part of the ear.
2. What does the cochlea do?
   The cochlea converts sound waves into signals for the brain to interpret.
3. Why is it important to clean your ears properly?
   Cleaning your ears properly helps prevent infections and keeps them healthy.
4. What is the role of the olfactory bulb?
   The olfactory bulb helps detect and identify smells.
5. What are the ossicles?
   The ossicles are tiny bones in the middle ear that amplify sound.
6. Why should you avoid inserting objects into your ear canal?
   Inserting objects into the ear canal can cause damage and infections.
7. What does the nasal cavity do?
   The nasal cavity filters, warms, and humidifies the air we breathe.
8. How does the nose help in breathing?
   The nose allows air to enter the body and filters out dust and particles.
9. What is the function of the Eustachian tube?
   The Eustachian tube helps maintain equal pressure in the middle ear.
10. How can loud sounds affect your hearing?
    Loud sounds can damage the eardrum and cause hearing loss.
11. What is the importance of the sinuses in the nose?
    The sinuses help humidify the air and enhance voice resonance.
12. What should you do to care for your nose?
    Blow your nose gently, wash it regularly, and avoid picking it.
13. How does the ear help with balance?
    The inner ear has structures that help the body maintain balance.
14. Why should you avoid loud sounds?
    Loud sounds can cause permanent hearing loss.
15. What is the nasal septum?
    The nasal septum is the structure that divides the two nostrils.

Presentation:

Step 1: Review the previous lesson on the hair and eyes, focusing on their structure and care.
Step 2: Introduce the ears and nose by discussing their structure and functions.
Step 3: Allow students to observe diagrams of the ears and nose, and lead a discussion on their care and grooming.

Teacher’s Activities:

• Explain the structure and functions of the ears and nose using charts.
• Demonstrate the correct way to clean the ears and nose.
• Ask questions to check students’ understanding.

Learners’ Activities:

• Observe the diagrams of the ears and nose.
• Participate in the discussion about the care and grooming of the ears and nose.
• Answer questions posed by the teacher.

Assessment:

1. What is the function of the cochlea in the ear?
2. List the parts of the nose.
3. Why is it important to clean your ears regularly?
4. What is the role of the nasal cavity?
5. Name two ways to care for your nose.

Conclusion:

The teacher will review the students’ answers, correct any misconceptions, and remind them of the importance of properly caring for their ears and nose.

More Useful Links

• THE TEETH AND HUMAN SKIN
• THE HANDS, FINGERS, NAILS, FEET AND TOES.