Synthetic and Naturally Occurring Drugs Basic Science Primary 6 First Term Lesson Notes Week 6

Subject: Basic Science
Class: Primary/Basic 6
Term: First Term
Week: 6
Age: 11 years
Topic: Drugs
Sub-Topic: Types of Drugs: Synthetic and Naturally Occurring Drugs
Duration: 2 hours

Behavioral Objectives:

By the end of the lesson, pupils will be able to:

1. Explain the meaning of drugs.
2. Describe the types of drugs: synthetic and naturally occurring.
3. Analyze the importance of drugs in daily life and medicine.

Keywords:

• Drugs
• Synthetic Drugs
• Naturally Occurring Drugs
• Medicine
• Importance

Set Induction:

Begin with a brief discussion about how medicines are used to help us feel better when we’re sick. Ask students if they know what types of medicines they have taken and why they think they work.

Entry Behavior:

Students should have a basic understanding of what medicines are and how they help with illnesses, based on their prior knowledge or experiences.

Learning Resources and Materials:

• Charts or images of synthetic and naturally occurring drugs
• Samples or illustrations of common medicines
• Whiteboard and markers

Building Background/Connection to Prior Knowledge:

Link the lesson to previous knowledge about health and wellness, discussing how drugs and medicines play a role in treating illnesses and maintaining health.

Embedded Core Skills:

• Critical thinking
• Analysis
• Classification
• Description

Learning Materials:

• Visual aids showing examples of synthetic and naturally occurring drugs
• Medicine packaging or illustrations
• Whiteboard and markers

Reference Books:

• Lagos State Scheme of Work
• Basic Science Textbook for Primary 6

Instructional Materials:

• Charts with drug types
• Whiteboard
• Markers
• Sample medicine packages or images

Content:

1. Meaning of Drugs:
   • Drugs are substances used to diagnose, treat, or prevent diseases and conditions. They can be in various forms such as tablets, liquids, or injections.
2. Types of Drugs:
   • Synthetic Drugs: Man-made substances created in laboratories. Examples include antibiotics, painkillers, and antihistamines.
   • Naturally Occurring Drugs: Derived from natural sources such as plants, animals, or minerals. Examples include aspirin (from willow bark), quinine (from the cinchona tree), and morphine (from opium poppy).
3. Importance of Drugs:
   • Treatment of Illnesses: Drugs help in curing or managing diseases and health conditions.
   • Pain Relief: Many drugs are used to alleviate pain and improve quality of life.
   • Prevention: Some drugs prevent diseases or reduce the risk of developing health issues.
   • Improvement of Health: Drugs can improve overall health and help in recovery from illnesses.

Questions:

1. Drugs are substances used to ______, treat, or prevent diseases. (a) diagnose, (b) ignore, (c) cause, (d) spread
2. Synthetic drugs are created ______. (a) naturally, (b) in laboratories, (c) from animals, (d) from plants
3. Naturally occurring drugs come from ______ sources. (a) man-made, (b) chemical, (c) natural, (d) synthetic
4. Aspirin is a drug derived from ______ bark. (a) willow, (b) oak, (c) pine, (d) maple
5. Morphine is obtained from the ______ poppy. (a) opium, (b) daffodil, (c) rose, (d) sunflower
6. Antibiotics are examples of ______ drugs. (a) synthetic, (b) natural, (c) herbal, (d) homeopathic
7. Quinine comes from the ______ tree. (a) cinchona, (b) oak, (c) maple, (d) pine
8. Painkillers are used to ______ pain. (a) increase, (b) ignore, (c) relieve, (d) spread
9. Drugs used to prevent diseases are called ______ drugs. (a) preventive, (b) therapeutic, (c) curative, (d) diagnostic
10. Naturally occurring drugs can be found in ______, animals, or minerals. (a) nature, (b) machines, (c) factories, (d) laboratories
11. Synthetic drugs are not found in ______ form. (a) natural, (b) artificial, (c) mineral, (d) herbal
12. Antihistamines are used to treat ______ reactions. (a) allergic, (b) emotional, (c) physical, (d) nutritional
13. Drugs can improve ______ health. (a) overall, (b) bad, (c) poor, (d) minimal
14. Medicines help in ______ from illnesses. (a) recovery, (b) decline, (c) spread, (d) delay
15. Pain relief drugs are often used for ______ management. (a) pain, (b) joy, (c) excitement, (d) hunger

Class Activity Discussion

1. Q: What are drugs used for?
   A: Drugs are used to diagnose, treat, and prevent diseases.
2. Q: What are synthetic drugs?
   A: Synthetic drugs are man-made substances created in laboratories.
3. Q: Can you name a naturally occurring drug?
   A: Aspirin, which is derived from willow bark, is an example of a naturally occurring drug.
4. Q: How does morphine help patients?
   A: Morphine is used to relieve severe pain.
5. Q: What is the importance of quinine?
   A: Quinine is used to treat malaria, a disease transmitted by mosquitoes.
6. Q: What types of drugs are antibiotics?
   A: Antibiotics are synthetic drugs used to fight bacterial infections.
7. Q: Why are some drugs called preventive?
   A: Because they help prevent diseases from occurring.
8. Q: How do naturally occurring drugs differ from synthetic drugs?
   A: Naturally occurring drugs come from natural sources, while synthetic drugs are created in laboratories.
9. Q: What is the role of painkillers?
   A: Painkillers are used to alleviate pain and discomfort.
10. Q: Why are some drugs important for health?
    A: They help in treating illnesses, relieving pain, preventing diseases, and improving overall health.
11. Q: Can drugs be both synthetic and natural?
    A: Yes, drugs can be either synthetic (man-made) or naturally occurring (derived from nature).
12. Q: How are antibiotics used in medicine?
    A: Antibiotics are used to treat infections caused by bacteria.
13. Q: What type of drug is used for allergy relief?
    A: Antihistamines are used to treat allergic reactions.
14. Q: Why might a doctor prescribe a drug?
    A: A doctor may prescribe a drug to treat, prevent, or diagnose a disease or condition.
15. Q: How does aspirin help with pain?
    A: Aspirin helps relieve pain and reduce inflammation.

Presentation:

1. Introduction:
   • Define what drugs are and their general purposes.
2. Explanation:
   • Describe synthetic and naturally occurring drugs with examples.
   • Discuss the importance of drugs in health and medicine.
3. Activity:
   • Have students create a chart comparing synthetic and naturally occurring drugs.
   • Discuss the uses and importance of various drugs.
4. Review:
   • Summarize key points and answer any questions students may have.

Teacher’s Activities:

• Define and explain the concept of drugs.
• Describe and differentiate between synthetic and naturally occurring drugs.
• Facilitate group activities and discussions.

Learners’ Activities:

• Create charts comparing drug types.
• Participate in discussions about the importance of drugs.
• Complete fill-in-the-blank questions and FAQs.

Assessment:

• Review students’ charts and their ability to differentiate between drug types.
• Evaluate understanding through answers to fill-in-the-blank questions and FAQs.

Evaluation Questions:

1. What is the definition of a drug?
2. Name two types of drugs and give an example of each.
3. What are synthetic drugs and how are they made?
4. Give an example of a naturally occurring drug and its source.
5. How do drugs help in the treatment of illnesses?
6. What is the role of painkillers?
7. Why is aspirin considered a naturally occurring drug?
8. How does quinine benefit health?
9. What is the difference between synthetic and natural drugs?
10. How do drugs improve overall health?

Conclusion:

• Recap the types of drugs and their importance.
• Discuss how understanding drugs helps us make informed choices about health.