Sanitation and Personal Hygiene: Keeping Ourselves and Our Surroundings Clean Basic Science JSS 1 First Term Lesson Notes Week 6

Basic Science JSS 1 First Term Lesson Notes Week 6

Subject: Basic Science

Class: JSS 1
Term: First Term
Week: 6
Age: 10-11 years
Topic: Sanitation and Personal Health
Sub-topic: Definition of Sanitation and its Importance

Duration: 40 minutes

Behavioural Objectives:

By the end of this lesson, students should be able to:

1. Define sanitation and explain its importance.
2. Identify various methods of keeping the human body clean.
3. Explain the methods of keeping the home clean.
4. Discuss the advantages of personal hygiene.

Keywords:

• Sanitation: Process of keeping our surroundings clean.
• Personal hygiene: The act of maintaining cleanliness of the body.
• Health: A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being.
• Pathogens: Disease-causing germs or microorganisms.

Set Induction:

Ask the students: “When you wake up in the morning, what are the things you do to stay clean?” This will prompt a discussion on personal cleanliness.

Entry Behaviour:

Students are familiar with basic hygiene practices, such as brushing teeth and bathing.

Learning Resources and Materials:

• Pictures showing clean and dirty environments.
• Sample cleaning materials (toothbrush, soap, comb, etc.).

Building Background/Connection to Prior Knowledge:

Students have prior knowledge of cleanliness from their homes and can relate it to school environments.

Embedded Core Skills:

• Hygiene and sanitation practices.
• Critical thinking and discussion.

Learning Materials:

• Pictures showing different hygiene practices.
• Visual aids on personal hygiene and home cleanliness.

Reference Books:

• Lagos State Scheme of Work.
• Approved Basic Science Textbooks for JSS 1.

Instructional Materials:

• Charts showing personal hygiene practices.
• Soap, water, and a toothbrush for demonstration.

Content:

1. Definition of Sanitation

• Sanitation is the process of keeping our bodies, clothes, shoes, and environments clean to prevent infections. It involves keeping dirt, pathogens, and diseases away from us and our surroundings.

2. Importance of Sanitation

• Reduces the number of germs or pathogens in our surroundings.
• Promotes good health and well-being.
• Saves money that would have been spent on medical bills.
• Makes us feel confident and look attractive.
• Reduces government expenses on healthcare.
• Enhances productivity by keeping us energetic and healthy.

3. Methods of Keeping the Human Body Clean

• Bathing regularly with soap and water.
• Brushing the teeth after meals.
• Cleaning the hair regularly.
• Cutting and cleaning nails.
• Cleaning ears, eyes, and nose carefully.
• Washing clothes and shoes regularly.

4. Methods of Keeping the Home Clean

• Cleaning the floors, windows, and furniture.
• Cleaning the kitchen, bathrooms, and toilets.
• Keeping the environment free from waste and rubbish.

5. Advantages of Personal Hygiene

• Improves personal appearance and makes us attractive.
• Prevents diseases by eliminating germs.
• Helps maintain clear eyesight and a sharp mind.
• Saves money that would be spent on treatment.

6. Disadvantages of Poor Hygiene

• Leads to sickness and infections.
• Makes our surroundings untidy.
• Increases expenses on medical bills.
• Causes bad odors and makes us feel uncomfortable.

15 Fill-in-the-Blank Questions:

1. Sanitation involves keeping our surroundings free from _______.
   a) dirt
   b) food
   c) air
   d) water
2. _______ is the process of keeping our bodies and environment clean.
   a) Education
   b) Recreation
   c) Sanitation
   d) Digestion
3. Personal hygiene helps us maintain good _______.
   a) looks
   b) temperature
   c) health
   d) environment
4. One of the methods of personal hygiene is _______.
   a) playing football
   b) bathing regularly
   c) eating food
   d) watching TV
5. Cutting the hair regularly prevents _______ from living in it.
   a) germs
   b) lice
   c) dust
   d) water
6. Cleaning the _______ helps in keeping bad breath away.
   a) eyes
   b) nose
   c) teeth
   d) ears
7. _______ should be washed and dried in the sun.
   a) Shoes
   b) Clothes
   c) Books
   d) Chairs
8. To keep the home clean, we should clean the _______ regularly.
   a) floor
   b) food
   c) water
   d) trees
9. Poor hygiene can cause _______.
   a) happiness
   b) sickness
   c) energy
   d) beauty
10. _______ is used to brush the teeth and keep them clean.
    a) Paper
    b) Comb
    c) Toothpaste
    d) Soap
11. _______ must be cleaned carefully using cotton wool.
    a) Ears
    b) Legs
    c) Hands
    d) Shoes
12. _______ should be done after every meal.
    a) Sleeping
    b) Cleaning the house
    c) Brushing the teeth
    d) Reading
13. The World Health Organization defines health as a state of complete _______.
    a) financial well-being
    b) social well-being
    c) absence of diseases
    d) physical well-being
14. Keeping your nails clean prevents the growth of _______.
    a) plants
    b) bacteria
    c) shoes
    d) hair
15. Using sharp objects to clean the nose can cause _______.
    a) damage
    b) healing
    c) vision
    d) infection

15 FAQs with Answers:

1. What is sanitation?
   Sanitation is the process of keeping our surroundings and bodies clean to prevent diseases.
2. Why is sanitation important?
   It helps prevent the spread of diseases and promotes good health.
3. What is personal hygiene?
   Personal hygiene is the practice of keeping the body clean and free from germs.
4. How often should we take a bath?
   We should take a bath at least once a day, preferably with soap and clean water.
5. Why is it important to brush your teeth?
   Brushing prevents tooth decay, bad breath, and keeps the mouth clean.
6. What are some ways to keep the home clean?
   Cleaning the floor, washing the windows, and sweeping the environment are ways to keep the home clean.
7. What can happen if we do not maintain proper hygiene?
   Poor hygiene can lead to diseases, bad odors, and a dirty appearance.
8. How should we clean our ears?
   Ears should be cleaned carefully with cotton wool, and sharp objects should not be used.
9. What are the advantages of personal hygiene?
   Personal hygiene keeps us healthy, makes us look attractive, and helps us avoid diseases.
10. Why is cleaning our environment important?
    Cleaning our environment prevents the spread of germs and keeps our surroundings neat.
11. How should we clean our teeth?
    Teeth should be cleaned using toothpaste and a toothbrush after every meal.
12. What should we avoid when cleaning our nose?
    We should avoid using sharp objects to clean the nose.
13. What happens if we do not wash our clothes regularly?
    Dirty clothes can cause bad smells and skin infections.
14. Why is it important to cut our nails?
    Cutting nails prevents the accumulation of dirt and germs, which can lead to infections.
15. What should we do if we feel discomfort in our ears?
    If we feel discomfort in our ears, we should visit a doctor.

Presentation:

Step 1: The teacher revises the previous topic (Human Development).
Step 2: The teacher introduces the topic of “Sanitation and Personal Hygiene”.
Step 3: The teacher explains the importance of sanitation and demonstrates personal hygiene practices, such as brushing teeth and bathing.

Teacher’s Activities:

• Explain sanitation and its benefits.
• Demonstrate how to clean different parts of the body, such as ears, hair, and nails.
• Guide students on how to keep their homes clean.

Learners’ Activities:

• Participate in class discussions.
• Practice hygiene demonstrations.
• Ask questions and contribute to the lesson.

Assessment:

1. What is sanitation?
2. List three methods of keeping the body clean.
3. Why is personal hygiene important?
4. What are the disadvantages of poor hygiene?
5. How can we keep our homes clean?

Ten Evaluation Questions:

1. Define sanitation.
2. List three advantages of personal hygiene.
3. Mention two methods of cleaning the ears.
4. What should we avoid using when cleaning the nose?
5. Why is it important to keep our surroundings clean?
6. State one reason why regular bathing is important.
7. What are pathogens?
8. Why should we clean our teeth regularly?
9. How can poor hygiene affect our health?
10. What are the benefits of washing clothes regularly?

Conclusion:

The teacher reviews the lesson by revisiting the main points, including the definition and importance of sanitation. The teacher goes around the class, marking students’ work and offering corrections where necessary.

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