Meaning of Change, Examples of Change, Classification of Change, Difference between Temporary and Permanent Change Basic Science Primary 4 First Term Lesson Notes Week 2

Basic Science Primary 4 First Term Lesson Notes Week 2

Subject: Basic Science
Class: Primary 4
Term: First Term
Week: 2
Age: 9 years

Topic: Changes in Nature (1)

Sub-topic: Meaning of Change, Examples of Change, Classification of Change, Difference between Temporary and Permanent Change

Duration: 1 hour

Behavioural Objectives:

  1. Students will explain the concept of “change.”
  2. Students will observe and describe some examples of changes around them.
  3. Students will consider the effects of changes around them.
  4. Students will give examples of temporary and permanent changes.
  5. Students will differentiate between temporary and permanent changes.

Keywords: Change, Temporary, Permanent, Classification, Examples

Set Induction:

  • Start with a simple demonstration: Show students a piece of ice melting into water. Ask them what they observe and how it changes from one form to another.

Entry Behaviour:

  • Students should have a basic understanding of everyday changes, such as changes in weather or physical changes in objects.

Learning Resources and Materials:

  • Ice cubes
  • A kettle for boiling water
  • Photos or illustrations of various changes (e.g., leaves changing color, paper burning)
  • Whiteboard and markers

Building Background/Connection to Prior Knowledge:

  • Discuss with students everyday changes they see, like the weather or how food changes when cooked.

Embedded Core Skills:

  • Observation
  • Critical thinking
  • Categorization
  • Communication

Learning Materials:

  • Ice cubes
  • Kettle
  • Illustrations of changes
  • Worksheets

Reference Books:

  • Lagos State Scheme of Work for Basic Science Primary 4

Instructional Materials:

  • Whiteboard and markers
  • Ice cubes and a kettle
  • Photos or illustrations of changes

Content:

  1. Meaning of Change:
    • Change refers to the process of becoming different or undergoing alteration. It can affect the appearance, state, or condition of something.
  2. Examples of Change:
    • Physical Changes: Ice melting into water, boiling water turning into steam.
    • Chemical Changes: Burning paper, rusting of iron.
  3. Classification of Change:
    • Temporary Change: A change that can be reversed. Examples include melting ice, cutting paper, or cooking food.
    • Permanent Change: A change that cannot be reversed. Examples include burning paper, baking a cake, or rusting metal.
  4. Difference between Temporary and Permanent Change:
    • Temporary Change: Can be undone or reversed (e.g., water freezing and melting).
    • Permanent Change: Cannot be undone or reversed (e.g., baking a cake, where the ingredients mix and form a new substance).

Fill-in-the-Blank Questions:

  1. A change that can be undone is called a ________ change.
    a) Permanent
    b) Temporary
    c) Chemical
    d) Physical
  2. Melting ice is an example of a ________ change.
    a) Permanent
    b) Temporary
    c) Chemical
    d) Physical
  3. Burning paper is a ________ change.
    a) Temporary
    b) Permanent
    c) Physical
    d) Reversible
  4. ________ is an example of a permanent change.
    a) Ice melting
    b) Water freezing
    c) Paper burning
    d) Cutting wood
  5. A change that happens when a substance forms a new substance is called a ________ change.
    a) Physical
    b) Chemical
    c) Temporary
    d) Reversible
  6. Boiling water and turning it into steam is an example of a ________ change.
    a) Permanent
    b) Temporary
    c) Chemical
    d) Irreversible
  7. Cutting paper is an example of a ________ change.
    a) Permanent
    b) Temporary
    c) Chemical
    d) Irreversible
  8. Rusting of iron is a ________ change.
    a) Temporary
    b) Permanent
    c) Physical
    d) Reversible
  9. ________ changes occur when materials are mixed and cannot return to their original state.
    a) Temporary
    b) Physical
    c) Chemical
    d) Reversible
  10. The process of water freezing is a ________ change.
    a) Permanent
    b) Temporary
    c) Chemical
    d) Irreversible
  11. ________ changes can be reversed by physical means.
    a) Permanent
    b) Temporary
    c) Chemical
    d) Reversible
  12. ________ changes occur when a new substance is formed.
    a) Physical
    b) Chemical
    c) Temporary
    d) Reversible
  13. Baking a cake is an example of a ________ change.
    a) Temporary
    b) Permanent
    c) Physical
    d) Reversible
  14. Melting butter is an example of a ________ change.
    a) Permanent
    b) Temporary
    c) Chemical
    d) Reversible
  15. The process of paper burning is ________.
    a) Reversible
    b) Temporary
    c) Permanent
    d) Physical

Class Activity Discussion 

  1. Q: What is a change in science?
    A: A change is when something becomes different in appearance, state, or condition.
  2. Q: Can you give an example of a temporary change?
    A: Melting ice is a temporary change because the ice can refreeze.
  3. Q: What happens in a chemical change?
    A: In a chemical change, a new substance is formed that cannot return to its original state.
  4. Q: How is burning paper different from melting ice?
    A: Burning paper is a permanent change because it forms a new substance, while melting ice is temporary because it can turn back into ice.
  5. Q: Is boiling water a temporary or permanent change?
    A: Boiling water is a temporary change because it can turn back into water when cooled.
  6. Q: What is an example of a permanent change?
    A: Rusting of iron is an example of a permanent change.
  7. Q: Can physical changes be reversed?
    A: Yes, physical changes like melting or freezing can be reversed.
  8. Q: What is the difference between physical and chemical changes?
    A: Physical changes alter the appearance but not the substance, while chemical changes form new substances.
  9. Q: What is an example of a reversible change?
    A: Melting butter is a reversible change.
  10. Q: What type of change occurs when cooking food?
    A: Cooking food is a chemical change because it forms new substances.
  11. Q: Why is cutting paper a temporary change?
    A: Cutting paper is a temporary change because you can tape it back together or use it in another form.
  12. Q: What can be used to observe changes in nature?
    A: Observations can be made with simple experiments, like melting ice or boiling water.
  13. Q: What does it mean if a change is described as permanent?
    A: It means the change cannot be reversed and the original substance cannot be restored.
  14. Q: Why do we study changes in science?
    A: To understand how and why things change and to apply this knowledge in everyday life.
  15. Q: How can we classify changes in nature?
    A: Changes can be classified as temporary or permanent, depending on whether they can be reversed or not.

Presentation:

  1. Step 1: Start with a discussion about the concept of change and its significance.
  2. Step 2: Introduce the types of changes (temporary vs. permanent) using examples and demonstrations.
  3. Step 3: Engage students in identifying and categorizing examples of changes they observe around them.

Teacher’s Activities:

  • Explain the concept of change and its types.
  • Demonstrate examples of changes.
  • Facilitate discussions and guide students in identifying changes.

Learners’ Activities:

  • Observe and describe examples of changes.
  • Participate in discussions about temporary and permanent changes.
  • Complete worksheets on the types of changes.

Assessment:

  • Evaluate students’ understanding through their responses to questions and participation in discussions.

Evaluation Questions:

  1. What is a change in nature?
  2. Give an example of a temporary change.
  3. How can you tell if a change is permanent?
  4. What happens to ice when it melts?
  5. Is burning wood a temporary or permanent change?
  6. How is boiling water different from freezing water?
  7. What are some examples of permanent changes?
  8. Why can melting ice be considered a temporary change?
  9. What type of change is cooking an egg?
  10. How can we observe changes in our daily environment?

Conclusion:

  • Summarize the key points about the types of changes.
  • Review examples and check students’ understanding through a brief Q&A session.
  • Ensure students understand the difference between temporary and permanent changes and their effects.