Order of Operation Mastering the Order of Operations: Whole Numbers, Fractions, and Decimals Mathematics Primary 6 First Term Lesson Notes Week 8

Lesson Plan for Week 8

Subject: Mathematics
Class: Primary 6
Term: First Term
Week: 8
Age: 11 years
Topic: Order of Basic Operations
Sub-Topic: Whole Numbers, Fraction Numbers, Decimals
Duration: 60 minutes

Behavioral Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

1. Use basic operations in the correct order.
2. Explain the steps involved in applying the order of operations.

Keywords

• Order of Operations
• Whole Numbers
• Fractions
• Decimals
• Parentheses
• Multiplication
• Division
• Addition
• Subtraction

Set Induction

Start by discussing everyday examples where multiple operations are used, such as calculating the total cost of items with different prices or solving a recipe.

Entry Behavior

Pupils should be familiar with basic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division) and understand fractions and decimals.

Learning Resources and Materials

• Worksheets with problems
• Whiteboard and markers
• Visual aids illustrating the order of operations (PEMDAS/BODMAS rules)

Building Background/Connection to Prior Knowledge

Connect the lesson to previous topics on operations with whole numbers, fractions, and decimals, emphasizing how the order of operations affects the outcome of calculations.

Embedded Core Skills

• Problem-Solving
• Analytical Thinking
• Mathematical Reasoning

Learning Materials

• Lagos State Scheme of Work
• Worksheets
• Visual aids (PEMDAS/BODMAS charts)

Reference Books

• Lagos State Scheme of Work
• New General Mathematics for Primary Schools

Instructional Materials

• Whiteboard/Chalkboard
• Markers/Chalk
• Fraction strips
• Decimal grids

Content

1. Order of Operations
   • PEMDAS/BODMAS Rule:
     • P/B: Parentheses/Brackets first
     • E/O: Exponents/Orders (i.e., powers and square roots, etc.)
     • MD: Multiplication and Division (left to right)
     • AS: Addition and Subtraction (left to right)
   • Example 1 (Whole Numbers):
     • Solve: 8 + 2 × 5
       • Step 1: Multiply: 2 × 5 = 10
       • Step 2: Add: 8 + 10 = 18
   • Example 2 (Fractions):
     • Solve: 2/3 + (4 × 1/2)
       • Step 1: Multiply: 4 × 1/2 = 2
       • Step 2: Add: 2/3 + 2 = 2 + 2/3 = 8/3
   • Example 3 (Decimals):
     • Solve: 3.2 + 2 × (4.5 – 1)
       • Step 1: Parentheses first: 4.5 – 1 = 3.5
       • Step 2: Multiply: 2 × 3.5 = 7
       • Step 3: Add: 3.2 + 7 = 10.2
2. Real-Life Problems
   • Example: You have $12 and buy 3 items each costing $2. Calculate the remaining money.
     • Calculation: 12 – (3 × 2) = 12 – 6 = 6
3. Quantitative Reasoning
   • Apply the order of operations to solve word problems involving mixed operations with whole numbers, fractions, and decimals.

15 Fill-in-the-Blank Questions with Options

1. The result of 5 + 3 × 2 is _______.
   a) 16
   b) 11
   c) 10
   d) 12
2. To solve 8 – (2 × 3), you first _______.
   a) Add
   b) Multiply
   c) Subtract
   d) Divide
3. Solve 6 + 2 × 5. The answer is _______.
   a) 20
   b) 16
   c) 22
   d) 12
4. The expression (3/4 + 1/2) × 2 equals _______.
   a) 2
   b) 1.5
   c) 1
   d) 2.5
5. To simplify 4 + 3 × (6 – 2), you first _______.
   a) Add
   b) Subtract
   c) Multiply
   d) Calculate inside the parentheses
6. In the expression 7 – 2 + 5 × 3, the correct order of operations requires you to first _______.
   a) Subtract
   b) Add
   c) Multiply
   d) Divide
7. The result of 5.5 × 2 – (1.5 + 2) is _______.
   a) 8
   b) 7
   c) 9
   d) 6
8. Solve 2 × (5 + 3) – 4. The answer is _______.
   a) 14
   b) 18
   c) 16
   d) 20
9. To solve 10 ÷ 2 + 3 × 4, start by _______.
   a) Adding
   b) Subtracting
   c) Dividing
   d) Multiplying
10. The result of (2 + 3) × 4 ÷ 2 is _______.
    a) 10
    b) 12
    c) 8
    d) 14
11. The value of 7 – (4 ÷ 2) + 5 is _______.
    a) 8
    b) 9
    c) 10
    d) 6
12. Solve 9 × 2 – (3 + 4). The result is _______.
    a) 11
    b) 12
    c) 14
    d) 10
13. To simplify 3.5 + (2 × 4 – 3), you should first _______.
    a) Multiply
    b) Add
    c) Subtract
    d) Divide
14. In the expression 8 ÷ 2 + 3 × 4, which operation is done first?
    a) Addition
    b) Subtraction
    c) Division
    d) Multiplication
15. Calculate 5 + 4 ÷ (2 × 2). The answer is _______.
    a) 6
    b) 7
    c) 8
    d) 5.5

10 FAQs with Answers

1. Q: What is the order of operations?
   A: The order is Parentheses/Brackets, Exponents/Orders, Multiplication and Division (left to right), and Addition and Subtraction (left to right).
2. Q: Why is the order of operations important?
   A: It ensures that calculations are performed correctly and consistently.
3. Q: How do you handle parentheses in an expression?
   A: Perform operations inside parentheses first.
4. Q: What do you do if there are multiple operations at the same level, like multiplication and division?
   A: Perform them from left to right.
5. Q: How do you simplify an expression with both fractions and whole numbers?
   A: Follow the order of operations and convert fractions if needed.
6. Q: What is the difference between PEMDAS and BODMAS?
   A: They are different acronyms for the same concept: Parentheses/Brackets, Exponents/Orders, Multiplication and Division, Addition and Subtraction.
7. Q: How do you approach an expression with decimals and fractions?
   A: Convert them to a common form if necessary and then follow the order of operations.
8. Q: Can you provide an example of a real-life problem involving the order of operations?
   A: Calculating the total cost of items after applying discounts.
9. Q: What if there are multiple operations inside parentheses?
   A: Solve the operations inside the parentheses first, following the order of operations within.
10. Q: How do you deal with operations involving exponents?
    A: Perform operations involving exponents before multiplication or division.

10 Evaluation Questions

1. Solve 5 + 2 × 3 – 4 ÷ 2.
2. Simplify the expression (6 + 2) × 3.
3. Calculate 8 – 3 × (2 + 4).
4. What is the result of 12 ÷ 3 + 4 × 2?
5. Solve 7 + 4 × (3 – 1).
6. The expression 5 × (6 – 2) ÷ 2 simplifies to _______.
7. Calculate (9 + 3) × 2 – 4.
8. What is 4 + 3 × 2 – (1 + 2)?
9. Simplify 8 ÷ (4 – 2) + 3.
10. Solve 7 – 2 × (3 + 1).

Conclusion

• Review the importance of following the correct order of operations.
• Ensure pupils can apply these rules to various types of numbers and real-life problems.
• Provide additional practice problems to strengthen their understanding.

This Week 8 lesson plan covers the order of basic operations with whole numbers, fractions, and decimals, including real-life problems and quantitative reasoning for Primary 6 pupils.