PRODUCTION OF TEXTILES

Subject:

Home Economics

Term:

First Term

Week:

Week 9

Class:

JSS 3 / BASIC 9

Previous lesson: Pupils have previous knowledge of

Care and Uses of Fibers

that was taught in their previous lesson

Topic:

PRODUCTION OF TEXTILES

Behavioural objectives: At the end of the lesson, the pupils should be able to

• define fabric construction
• say fabric construction methods
• give examples of fabric construction methods
• explain each fabric construction method

Instructional Materials:

• Wall charts
• Pictures
• Related Online Video
• Flash Cards

Methods of Teaching:

• Class Discussion
• Group Discussion
• Asking Questions
• Explanation
• Role Modelling
• Role Delegation

Reference Materials:

• Scheme of Work
• Online Information
• Textbooks
• Workbooks
• 9 Year Basic Education Curriculum
• Workbooks

Content:

PRODUCTION OF TEXTILES

The production of textiles is a complex process that involves a number of different steps. Fibres must first be harvested and then spun into yarns. These yarns are then used to weave or knit fabrics, which can be used to create a variety of clothing and other items.

The type of fibre that is used will determine the properties of the resulting fabric. For example, natural fibres such as wool or cotton are absorbent and breathable, while synthetic fibres such as polyester are more water-resistant.

Different fabric construction methods can be used to create different types of textile products. Knitted fabrics are often used for garments such as sweaters, while woven fabrics are more commonly used for items such as curtains or upholstery.

Fabrics can also be given special finishes that improve their appearance or performance. For example, fabrics can be treated to make them waterproof or flame-resistant.

Fabric Construction Methods

There are two main methods of fabric construction: weaving and knitting.

Weaving is a process in which two sets of yarns are interlaced at right angles to create a woven fabric. The yarns that run lengthwise in the fabric are known as the warp, while the yarns that run crosswise are known as the weft.

Woven fabrics are strong and durable, making them ideal for use in items such as upholstery or curtains. However, they can be more difficult to sew than knit fabrics.

Knitting is a process in which yarn is looped together to create a fabric. Knitted fabrics are stretchy and often used for garments such as sweaters. They can be easier to sew than woven fabrics, but are not as strong.

Special Finishes

Fabrics can be given special finishes that improve their appearance or performance. For example, fabrics can be treated to make them waterproof or flame-resistant.

Waterproofing: Waterproofing treatments help to repel water from the surface of the fabric. This can be useful for garments such as raincoats or umbrellas.

Flame–Resistant: Flame-resistant treatments help to prevent fabrics from catching fire. This can be important for items such as children’s sleepwear.

Stain–Resistant: Stain-resistant treatments help to prevent stains from setting into the fabric. This can be useful for items such as tablecloths or napkins.

Wrinkle-Resistant: Wrinkle-resistant treatments help to prevent fabrics from wrinkling. This can be important for garments such as shirts or pants.

Production of Woven Mat

Materials needed:

cardboard sheets of two different colours, scissors, ruler, pencil, and glue or sellotape.

Procedure:

(i) Measure out 1 inch along the length of the cardboard using ruler and pencil.

(ii) Cut 1-inch wide strips of varying lengths of about 9-12 inches strips.

(iii) Weave the short strips vertically through the longer horizontal strips.

(iv) Continue the interlacing with the contrasting colours to form the weave.

(v) Tuck the ends under and secure with glue as you weave the cardboard through or you can trim the edges when you complete the mat.

This woven mat can be used as a table mat, mousepad, or trivet. It is a simple project that can be done in an afternoon.

MANUFACTURE OF NATURAL FABRICS

What are the steps that are involved in the manufacturing of natural fabrics?

The steps involved in the manufacturing of natural fabrics are as follows:

1. Fibres must first be harvested from sources such as plants or animals.

2. These fibres are then spun into yarns using a spinning wheel or loom.

3. The yarns are then used to weave or knit fabrics, which can be dyed or printed.

4. The fabrics are then cut and sewn into garments or other products.

5. Finally, the products are finished and ready to be sold.

What is ginning?

Ginning is the process of separating cotton fibres from the seeds. This is done using a machine called a gin, which uses a series of rotating saws to pull the fibres away from the seeds.

Explain Bailing

Bailing is the process of packing cotton into bales. Bales are large, compressed bundles of cotton that are easy to transport and store.

Define Bale Breaking

Bale breaking is the process of opening up bales of cotton and separating the fibres. This is done using a machine called a bale breaker, which pulls the fibres apart with a series of rotating paddles.

What is drawing?

Drawing is the process of combing out shorter fibres from longer ones

What do you understand by cleaning?

Cleaning is the process of removing impurities from cotton fibres. This can be done using a machine called a cotton picker, which mechanically removes debris from the fibres.

What is carding?

Carding is the process of aligning the cotton fibres in one direction. This is done using a machine called a card, which has a series of steel wires that comb the fibres into alignment.

What is spinning?

Spinning is the process of twisting the cotton fibres together to form yarn. This is done using a machine called a spinning wheel, which twists the fibres together as they are drawn out into a thread.

What is combing?

Combing is the process of removing shorter fibres from longer ones. This is done using a machine called a comb, which has a series of steel teeth that catch and remove the shorter fibres.

What is weaving?

Weaving is the process of interlacing two sets of yarns together to form fabric. This is done using a machine called a loom, which weaves the yarns together as they are passed through its shed.

What is knitting?

Knitting is the process of interlacing yarns together to form fabric. This is done using a machine called a knitting machine, which interlocks the yarns together as they are passed through its needles.

What is fulling?

Fulling is the process of shrinking and thickening fabric. This is done by soaking the fabric in water and then pounding it with a fuller’s club. This process was traditionally used to make woolen cloth denser and warmer.

What is cropping?

Cropping is the process of trimming the fabric to the desired size. This is done using a machine called a crop shear, which cuts the fabric to the desired width and length.

What is seaming?

Seaming is the process of joining two pieces of fabric together. This is done using a sewing machine, which stitches the fabric together with a series of stitches.

What is finishing?

Finishing is the process of adding details to the fabric or garment. This can include adding buttons, zippers, or other embellishments. It can also involve laundering the fabric or garment to remove any impurities.

Presentation

Step 1

The subject teacher introduces the new topic

Step 2.

He introduces the new topic

Step 3:

The class teacher allows the pupils to give their own examples and he corrects them when the needs arise

Evaluation 

Objective Questions 

1. What is the process of separating or removing cotton fibres from the seeds called _________

A. Drawing

B. Spinning

C. Ginning

2. _________ is the process of twisting the ropes and making them ready for spinning.

A. Weaving

B. Cropping

C. Drawing

3. What is combing?

A. Removing shorter fibres from longer ones

B. Aligning the cotton fibres in one direction

4. What is spinning?

A. Twisting the cotton fibres together to form yarn

B. Cutting the fabric to the desired width and length

5. What is weaving?

A. Interlacing two sets of yarns together to form fabric

B. Knitting

6. What is knitting?

A. Interlacing yarns together to form fabric

B. Seaming

7. What is fulling?

A. Shrinking and thickening fabric

B. Embellishing the fabric

8. What is cropping?

A. Soaking the fabric in water and then pounding it

B. Trimming the fabric to the desired size

9. What is seaming?

A. Joining two pieces of fabric together

B. Laundering the fabric or garment

10. What is finishing?

A. Adding details to the fabric or garment

B. Ginning

11. ___________ is a process in which the cotton is put through a machine that removes impurities such as seeds, leaves, and dirt.

12. Carding is the process of removing any final ______

13. Cotton that has been ___________ is called lint.

14.The ___________ machine was invented in 1793 by Eli Whitney.

15. The ___________ machine was invented in 1851 by John Mercer.

16. ___________ is a process that removes the remaining impurities from the cotton lint.

17. ___________ is a process of removing natural oils from the cotton lint.

18. ___________ is the process of removing any final impurities from the cotton l

Theory 

1. What is ginning?

2. What is drawing?

3. What is combing?

4. What is spinning?

5. What is weaving?

6. What is knitting?

7. What is fulling?

8. What is cropping?

9. What is seaming?

10. What is finishing?

11. What is bailing?

12. What is carding?

13. What do you understand by cleaning?

14. What is bale breaking?

15. Finally, what are the final products that are ready to be sold

Conclusion:

The subject goes round to mark the pupil’s notes. He does the necessary corrections