Importance of Each Factor of Production for Basic Four

Lesson Plan for Basic Four Agricultural Science: Importance of Each Factor of Production

---

Subject: Agricultural Science

Class: Basic Four

Term: Second Term

Week: To be determined

Age: 9 – 10 years

Topic: Importance of Each Factor of Production

Duration: 40 minutes

---

Behavioral Objectives:

At the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

1. Define crop production.
2. List the factors of production.
3. Explain each factor of production.
4. State the importance of each factor of production.

---

Keywords:

• Crop production
• Factors of production
• Land
• Labour
• Capital
• Entrepreneur

---

Set Induction:

The teacher shows pictures of a farmer, farm tools, and crops, and asks pupils questions like:

• Who grows crops?
• What do we need to grow crops?

---

Entry Behavior:

Pupils have prior knowledge of safety measures in applying chemicals from the previous lesson.

---

Learning Resources and Materials:

• Whiteboard/Chalkboard
• Pictures of farms and farmworkers
• Sample farm tools (e.g., hoe, watering can)

---

Building Background/Connection to Prior Knowledge:

The teacher connects the lesson to how safety measures in applying chemicals contribute to successful crop production.

---

Embedded Core Skills:

• Critical Thinking
• Problem-Solving
• Collaboration

---

Learning Materials:

• Lagos State Scheme of Work
• Online resources on agricultural production
• Physical and Health Education for Primary Schools

---

Instructional Materials:

1. Pictures of land and farming activities.
2. Posters showing factors of production (land, labor, capital, entrepreneur).
3. Videos on farming processes.

---

Content

What is Crop Production?

Crop production is the process of combining the factors of production (land, labor, capital, and entrepreneur) to rear animals and grow crops to meet human needs.

It involves joining resources together to create things that satisfy human wants.

---

Factors of Production:

The four factors of production are:

1. Land
2. Labor
3. Capital
4. Entrepreneur

---

Explanation of Each Factor of Production:

1. Land:
   • Land is the free gift of nature used for agricultural purposes like planting crops, fish farming, and animal husbandry.
   • It may be inherited, purchased, or rented for farming activities.
2. Labor:
   • Labor refers to human efforts, both physical and mental, used to grow crops and rear animals.
   • Example: A farmer planting seeds or a worker operating a tractor.
3. Capital:
   • Capital is the wealth or resources set aside for agricultural production.
   • It includes money, tools, machinery, or land used to create more wealth.
4. Entrepreneur:
   • The entrepreneur is the manager who organizes all other factors of production to ensure they work together effectively.
   • Without the entrepreneur, other factors remain idle.

---

Importance of Each Factor of Production:

1. Land:
   • Provides space for planting crops and rearing animals.
   • Source of nutrients for plants.
2. Labor:
   • Drives farming activities like planting, weeding, and harvesting.
   • Ensures crops and animals are cared for properly.
3. Capital:
   • Helps to buy tools, seeds, and fertilizers.
   • Allows farmers to expand their farms.
4. Entrepreneur:
   • Ensures efficient use of resources.
   • Makes decisions that improve production.

---

Presentation Steps:

Step 1: The teacher revises the previous topic, “Safety Measures in Applying Chemicals.”

Step 2: The teacher introduces the new topic by asking pupils what they think is needed to grow crops.

Step 3: The teacher explains each factor of production using examples and allows pupils to give their own examples.

---

Teacher’s Activities:

• Explain crop production and the factors of production.
• Use pictures and posters to illustrate each factor.
• Demonstrate the importance of tools and capital in farming.

---

Learners’ Activities:

• List the factors of production.
• Give examples of how each factor contributes to farming.
• Ask and answer questions about the lesson.

---

Evaluation Questions:

Fill-in-the-Blank Questions:

1. ______ is the process of growing crops and rearing animals. (a) Farming (b) Crop production (c) Weeding (d) Planting)
2. The four factors of production are land, labor, ______, and entrepreneur. (a) crop (b) capital (c) water (d) seed)
3. ______ is the free gift of nature used for farming. (a) Capital (b) Land (c) Labour (d) Entrepreneur)
4. ______ refers to the effort of man in farming activities. (a) Land (b) Capital (c) Labour (d) Seed)
5. Tools, machines, and money are examples of ______. (a) labour (b) entrepreneur (c) capital (d) land)
6. The manager of all other factors of production is the ______. (a) labourer (b) entrepreneur (c) farmer (d) landowner)
7. ______ provides nutrients for plants. (a) Water (b) Land (c) Labour (d) Capital)
8. ______ is used to buy farm tools. (a) Capital (b) Land (c) Labour (d) Water)
9. Clearing the land is an example of ______. (a) labour (b) capital (c) entrepreneur (d) land)
10. ______ makes decisions for successful farming. (a) Farmer (b) Entrepreneur (c) Land (d) Capital)

---

Class Activity Discussion:

1. What is crop production?
   • Crop production is growing crops and rearing animals to meet human needs.
2. Can you name the four factors of production?
   • Land, labor, capital, and entrepreneur.
3. Why is land important in farming?
   • It provides space and nutrients for crops.
4. What is labor?
   • Human effort in farming activities.
5. Why do we need capital in farming?
   • To buy tools, seeds, and expand the farm.

---

Conclusion:

The teacher summarizes the lesson, highlighting the importance of each factor of production. Pupils write the notes, and the teacher marks and corrects their work.

---