Understanding Communicable and Non-Communicable Diseases: Examples and Prevention Tips Physical and Health Education Primary 5 Third Term Lesson Notes Week 8

Subject: Physical and Health Education

Class: Primary 5

Term: 3

Week: 8

Topic: Understanding Communicable and Non-Communicable Diseases

Sub-topic: Meaning and Examples

Duration: 45 minutes

Behavioural Objectives:

• Students will understand the difference between communicable and non-communicable diseases.
• Students will identify examples of both types of diseases.
• Students will learn basic prevention methods for communicable diseases.

Key Vocabulary Words:

• Communicable diseases
• Non-communicable diseases
• Germs
• Transmission
• Contaminated

Learning Resources and Materials:

• Whiteboard and markers
• Visual aids (images of germs, diseases)
• Handouts with examples of diseases
• Soap and water for demonstration

Building Background/Connection to Prior Knowledge:

• Begin by asking students if they have ever gotten sick or known someone who was sick.
• Discuss with students what they think causes sickness and how diseases spread.

Embedded Core Skills:

• Critical thinking
• Health literacy
• Communication skills

Learning Materials:

• Images or diagrams of germs and diseases
• Handouts with examples of communicable and non-communicable diseases

Content:

MEANING AND EXAMPLES OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

💬 Definition: Communicable diseases spread easily from one person to another through body contact, coughing, or contaminated water.

💡 Examples:

1. Measles
2. Rabies
3. Ringworm
4. Leprosy
5. Cholera
6. Chickenpox
7. Tuberculosis
8. HIV/AIDS
9. Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)
10. Whooping cough

MEANING AND EXAMPLES OF NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

💬 Definition: Non-communicable diseases cannot be transferred to others through body contact.

💡 Examples:

1. Cancer
2. Asthma
3. Malaria
4. Headache
5. Heart diseases
6. High blood pressure
7. Sickle cell anemia
8. Diabetes mellitus

Class Activity Discussion :

1. What are communicable diseases?
   • Communicable diseases are easily spread from one person to another through body contact, coughing, or contaminated water.
2. How do communicable diseases spread?
   • They spread through direct or indirect contact with an infected person or their bodily fluids.
3. What happens when a person becomes sick with a communicable disease?
   • It means that germs, such as fungi, virus, or bacteria, have invaded their body.
4. How can we prevent the spread of communicable diseases?
   • Washing hands with soap and water helps prevent the spread because germs are afraid of soap and water.
5. Can you name some examples of communicable diseases?
   • Measles, Rabies, Ringworm, Leprosy, Cholera, Chickenpox, Tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, STDs, Whooping cough.
6. What are non-communicable diseases?
   • Non-communicable diseases cannot be transferred to another person through body contact.
7. How do non-communicable diseases differ from communicable ones?
   • They cannot be spread from one person to another.
8. Can you give examples of non-communicable diseases?
   • Cancer, Asthma, Malaria, Headache, Heart diseases, High blood pressure, Sickle cell anemia, Diabetes mellitus.
9. What is one way to prevent non-communicable diseases?
   • Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including regular exercise and balanced nutrition.
10. Why is it important to know about communicable diseases?
    • So we can take steps to prevent their spread and protect ourselves and others.
11. How can we avoid getting sick from communicable diseases?
    • By practicing good hygiene, avoiding close contact with sick individuals, and getting vaccinated if available.
12. What can happen if communicable diseases are not treated properly?
    • They can spread rapidly and cause outbreaks or epidemics in communities.
13. What role do germs play in communicable diseases?
    • Germs, such as viruses and bacteria, are the agents that cause these diseases to spread from person to person.
14. How do doctors diagnose communicable diseases?
    • Through physical examinations, medical history, and laboratory tests to identify the specific germs causing the illness.
15. What should you do if you suspect you have a communicable disease?
    • Seek medical attention promptly to receive proper diagnosis and treatment to prevent further spread.

Evaluation:

1. Communicable diseases are easily spread through _______ contact, cough, or contaminated water. a) physical b) mental c) emotional d) spiritual
2. What are the three main means of transmission for communicable diseases? a) Touch, sight, and smell b) Body contact, cough, contaminated water c) Eating, drinking, sleeping d) Exercise, relaxation, meditation
3. Germs that cause communicable diseases include _______. a) birds, fish, mammals b) fungi, virus, bacteria c) trees, flowers, grass d) rocks, minerals, metals
4. Which disease is not an example of a communicable disease? a) Tuberculosis b) Malaria c) Cancer d) Diabetes mellitus
5. Washing hands with soap and water helps to prevent the spread of _______. a) happiness b) sadness c) germs d) anger
6. Which of the following diseases is communicable? a) Heart diseases b) Cancer c) Tuberculosis d) Asthma
7. Non-communicable diseases cannot be transferred through _______. a) body contact b) coughing c) sneezing d) indirect contact
8. Examples of communicable diseases include _______. a) Measles, Rabies, Headache b) Cancer, Asthma, Malaria c) Tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, Cholera d) Sickle cell anemia, Diabetes mellitus, High blood pressure
9. Which of the following is NOT a non-communicable disease? a) Headache b) Malaria c) High blood pressure d) Sickle cell anemia
10. Non-communicable diseases cannot be transmitted through _______. a) physical contact b) coughing c) indirect contact d) sharing food
11. Which of the following is NOT a means of transmission for communicable diseases? a) Body contact b) Contaminated water c) Sharing food d) Coughing
12. What should we do to prevent the spread of communicable diseases? a) Wash hands with soap and water b) Avoid contact with others c) Eat unhealthy food d) Skip vaccinations
13. Examples of germs include _______. a) Trees, flowers, grass b) Fungi, virus, bacteria c) Birds, fish, mammals d) Rocks, minerals, metals
14. Which of the following diseases is communicable? a) Cancer b) Diabetes mellitus c) Tuberculosis d) Asthma
15. What is the main difference between communicable and non-communicable diseases? a) Communicable diseases spread easily b) Non-communicable diseases cannot be transferred c) Communicable diseases are caused by viruses d) Non-communicable diseases are caused by bacteria

1. Introduction (5 minutes):
   • Review previous topics related to health and hygiene.
   • Understanding Sickness and Illness: Your Health Matters Physical and Health Education Primary 5 Third Term Lesson Notes Week 7
   • Introduce the new topic of communicable and non-communicable diseases.
2. Explanation of Communicable Diseases (10 minutes):
   • Define communicable diseases as those easily spread from one person to another.
   • Discuss modes of transmission such as body contact, coughing, and contaminated water.
   • Use visual aids to illustrate how germs cause communicable diseases.
   • Provide examples of communicable diseases like measles, rabies, and tuberculosis.
3. Explanation of Non-Communicable Diseases (10 minutes):
   • Define non-communicable diseases as those that cannot be transferred to another person.
   • Explain that these diseases are often caused by genetic factors or lifestyle choices.
   • Provide examples of non-communicable diseases such as cancer, asthma, and diabetes.
4. Prevention Methods (10 minutes):
   • Discuss simple prevention methods for communicable diseases, such as washing hands with soap and water.
   • Emphasize the importance of personal hygiene and avoiding close contact with sick individuals.
5. Demonstration (5 minutes):
   • Demonstrate proper handwashing techniques using soap and water.
   • Explain why handwashing is effective in preventing the spread of germs.

Presentation:

• Use visual aids and real-life examples to engage students.
• Encourage participation by asking questions and allowing students to share their experiences.

Step 1: The teacher revises the previous topic of health and hygiene.

Step 2: Introduce the new topic of communicable and non-communicable diseases.

Step 3: Allow students to ask questions and share their thoughts on sickness and disease prevention.

Step 4: Conduct a demonstration of proper handwashing techniques.

Step 5: Encourage students to practice handwashing and discuss its importance.

Teacher’s Activities:

• Lead the discussion and explanation of communicable and non-communicable diseases.
• Use visual aids to enhance understanding.
• Demonstrate proper handwashing techniques.
• Encourage student participation and questions.

Learners’ Activities:

• Listen attentively to the teacher’s explanation.
• Participate in discussions and ask questions.
• Practice proper handwashing techniques.
• Identify examples of communicable and non-communicable diseases.

Assessment:

• Observe students’ participation and engagement during the lesson.
• Evaluate students’ understanding through questions and answers.
• Assess students’ ability to identify examples of both types of diseases.

Evaluation Questions:

1. What are communicable diseases?
2. How do communicable diseases spread?
3. Give examples of communicable diseases.
4. What are non-communicable diseases?
5. Provide examples of non-communicable diseases.
6. Why is it important to wash your hands regularly?
7. How can you prevent the spread of communicable diseases?
8. Why are some diseases called non-communicable?
9. How do germs cause sickness?
10. What can you do to stay healthy and avoid getting sick?

Conclusion:

• Recap key points discussed during the lesson.
• Review examples of communicable and non-communicable diseases.
• Reinforce the importance of practicing good hygiene to prevent illness