Changes in Plants and Animals Life cycle of insects Basic Science Primary 4 First Term Lesson Notes Week 4

Basic Science Primary 4 First Term Lesson Notes Week 4

Subject: Basic Science
Class: Primary 4
Term: First Term
Week: 4
Age: 9 years

Topic: Changes in Plants and Animals (II)

Sub-topic: Changes in Animals, Animals and Their Young Ones, Reasons for Changes in Animals

Duration: 1 hour

Behavioural Objectives:

1. Students will observe and describe changes in animals.
2. Students will identify and name different animals and their young ones.
3. Students will compare young animals to adult animals.
4. Students will give reasons for the differences between young and adult animals.

Keywords: Animals, Young Ones, Growth, Development, Differences

Set Induction:

• Show pictures or short videos of different animals and their young ones. Ask students what they notice about the changes in these animals as they grow.

Entry Behaviour:

• Students should have basic knowledge of animals and their characteristics.

Learning Resources and Materials:

• Pictures or videos of animals and their young ones
• Growth charts of different animals
• Whiteboard and markers
• Notebooks and pencils

Building Background/Connection to Prior Knowledge:

• Discuss with students what they know about animals and how they might change from young to adult.

Embedded Core Skills:

• Observation
• Comparison
• Communication
• Critical thinking

Learning Materials:

• Pictures of animals and their young ones
• Growth charts
• Videos of animal development

Reference Books:

• Lagos State Scheme of Work for Basic Science Primary 4

Instructional Materials:

• Whiteboard and markers
• Pictures and videos of animals

Content:

1. Changes in Animals:
   • Growth: Animals grow from young ones to adults. This involves changes in size, appearance, and behavior.
   • Development Stages: Different animals go through various stages such as infancy, juvenile, and adulthood.
2. Animals and Their Young Ones:
   • Examples:
     • A baby cat (kitten) grows into an adult cat.
     • A baby dog (puppy) grows into an adult dog.
     • A tadpole changes into a frog.
   • Comparison: Young animals often look and behave differently from their adult counterparts.
3. Reasons for Changes in Animals:
   • Growth and Maturity: Animals change as they grow to become capable of reproduction and survival.
   • Adaptation: Changes help animals adapt to their environments and life needs.

15 Fill-in-the-Blank Questions:

1. A baby cat is called a ________.
   a) Puppy
   b) Kitten
   c) Calf
   d) Cub
2. A baby dog is known as a ________.
   a) Kitten
   b) Calf
   c) Puppy
   d) Tadpole
3. The process of a tadpole changing into a frog is called ________.
   a) Growth
   b) Metamorphosis
   c) Adaptation
   d) Development
4. Young animals often ________ from adult animals.
   a) Look similar
   b) Look and behave differently
   c) Have the same size
   d) None of the above
5. Animals change as they ________ to become adults.
   a) Age
   b) Sleep
   c) Eat
   d) Rest
6. A young cow is called a ________.
   a) Calf
   b) Cub
   c) Lamb
   d) Kitten
7. The main reason animals change is for ________.
   a) Entertainment
   b) Growth and survival
   c) Sleeping
   d) Playing
8. A baby frog is called a ________.
   a) Tadpole
   b) Kitten
   c) Cub
   d) Puppy
9. As animals grow, they often change in ________ and behavior.
   a) Color
   b) Size
   c) Shape
   d) All of the above
10. An adult dog is different from a puppy in _________.
    a) Size and appearance
    b) Food preference
    c) Sleep habits
    d) All of the above
11. The changes that happen to animals as they grow are called ________.
    a) Habits
    b) Stages
    c) Development
    d) Growth
12. An adult cat is different from a kitten in terms of ________.
    a) Size
    b) Behavior
    c) Appearance
    d) All of the above
13. Young animals often ________ to help them survive and reproduce.
    a) Change
    b) Play
    c) Eat
    d) Rest
14. Changes in animals help them to ________ in their environment.
    a) Play
    b) Adapt
    c) Sleep
    d) Eat
15. A baby cow and a baby dog are both called ________.
    a) Animals
    b) Young animals
    c) Adults
    d) Plants
16. The young one of Pig is………………………….
17. The young one of Lion is………………………..
18. a baby goat is called a…………………………..
19. a baby cat is called a………………………………..
20. a baby fish is called a ,,,,…………………………..
21. a baby horse is called a…………………………
22. a baby dog is called a ……………..

Class Activity Discussion 

1. Q: What are some examples of animals and their young ones?
   A: Examples include a kitten (baby cat), a puppy (baby dog), and a tadpole (baby frog).
2. Q: Why do animals change as they grow?
   A: Animals change to grow, mature, and adapt to their environment.
3. Q: What is metamorphosis?
   A: Metamorphosis is the process where animals like frogs change from a baby stage (tadpole) to an adult stage (frog).
4. Q: How does a baby dog differ from an adult dog?
   A: A baby dog (puppy) is smaller and has different behavior compared to an adult dog.
5. Q: What are the stages of animal development?
   A: Stages include infancy, juvenile, and adulthood.
6. Q: Why is growth important for animals?
   A: Growth allows animals to become capable of reproduction and to survive in their environment.
7. Q: How do young animals adapt to their environment?
   A: They change in size, behavior, and appearance to better fit their surroundings.
8. Q: What is an example of an animal that undergoes a dramatic change?
   A: Frogs undergo metamorphosis from tadpoles to adult frogs.
9. Q: How can comparing young and adult animals help us?
   A: It helps us understand animal development and the effects of growth.
10. Q: What are some reasons animals might change in appearance?
    A: Changes can be due to growth, adaptation, or environmental factors.
11. Q: Why do animals go through different growth stages?
    A: Different stages help them develop the skills and characteristics needed for survival and reproduction.
12. Q: What is one way young animals differ from adults?
    A: Young animals are often smaller and may have different colors or patterns compared to adults.
13. Q: How does animal growth benefit the species?
    A: It ensures that animals reach maturity to reproduce and contribute to the species’ survival.
14. Q: What do changes in animals help them achieve?
    A: Changes help animals adapt to their environment and fulfill their life roles.
15. Q: How does observing animal changes help students?
    A: It helps students learn about biological processes and the importance of growth and development.

Presentation:

1. Step 1: Begin by discussing different stages of growth in animals and showing examples.
2. Step 2: Introduce and explain how animals and their young ones differ using pictures and videos.
3. Step 3: Facilitate a discussion on reasons for these changes and their importance.

Teacher’s Activities:

• Explain changes in animals with examples and visual aids.
• Guide students in observing and discussing differences between young and adult animals.

CHANGES IN ANIMALS

Animal are living things, they experience changes too as they grow. Changes in animal begins after birth. Most changes in plants are permanent changes. The changes that take place in animals are called METAMORPHOSIS.

Metamorphosis is the series of changes that occur in the life of a living organisms.

There are two types of metamorphosis which are

• Complete metamorphosis that involves four series of changes in the growth of an insect.Butterflies, moths, beetles, flies and bees have complete metamorphosis
• incomplete metamorphosis involves three stages of growth in an insect. Insects that have an incomplete metamorphosis are bugs, grasshoppers, cockroaches, termites, praying mantises, crickets, and lice

Examples of changes in Animals

1. Change in body temperature like Lizard.
2. Changes in size.
3. Increase in height.
4. Changes in skin colour like chameleon.
5. Changes from child to adult.
6. Some gives birth to young one.

Names of some Animals and their young ones.

Learners’ Activities:

• Observe and describe changes in various animals.
• Identify and name different animals and their young ones.
• Compare and discuss the differences between young and adult animals.

Assessment:

• Evaluate students’ understanding through observations, discussions, and responses to questions.

10 Evaluation Questions:

1. What are some examples of young animals?
2. How do young animals differ from adult animals?
3. Why do animals change as they grow?
4. What is metamorphosis, and which animal undergoes it?
5. How does animal growth affect their behavior?
6. What stages do animals go through as they develop?
7. Why is it important for animals to grow and change?
8. How can comparing young and adult animals help us understand growth?
9. What are some reasons for changes in animals’ appearance?
10. How do animals adapt to their environment as they grow?

Conclusion:

• Recap the key points about changes in animals, their young ones, and reasons for these changes.
• Review how these changes impact the animals and their survival.
• Check students’ understanding through a discussion and ensure they can relate the concepts to real-life examples.
• The class teacher wraps up or conclude the lesson by giving out short note to summarize the topic that he or she has just taught.The class teacher also goes round to make sure that the notes are well copied or well written by the pupils.

  He or she does the necessary corrections when and where  the needs arise.