Family Traits, Genes, Soil Erosion, and Drainage Patterns Basic Science JSS 2 (Junior Secondary School 2)

BASIC SCIENCE

1. List five family traits

2. Differentiate between dominant and recessive genes

3. Define soil erosion

4. List the four types of drainage patterns.

1. List five family traits:

– Eye color

– Hair color

– Height

– Facial features

– Skin tone

2. Differentiate between dominant and recessive genes:

Dominant genes are those that are expressed or observed in an individual’s phenotype when present, even if only one copy of the gene is inherited. In contrast, recessive genes are only expressed or observed in the phenotype when two copies of the gene are inherited (one from each parent). If a dominant gene is present, it will mask the presence of a recessive gene.

3. Define soil erosion:

Soil erosion refers to the process of the detachment, movement, and displacement of soil particles from one location to another by the action of various natural or human-induced factors such as water, wind, ice, or gravity. It typically occurs when the protective cover of vegetation or other soil-holding structures is removed, making the soil vulnerable to erosion.

4. List the four types of drainage patterns:

The four main types of drainage patterns in a river system are:

– Dendritic: This pattern resembles the branching pattern of tree roots, with numerous tributaries merging into a single main river channel.

– Trellis: This pattern consists of parallel main river channels with shorter tributaries joining them at right angles, creating a rectangular or trellis-like pattern.

– Radial: In this pattern, rivers diverge outward from a central high point, such as a volcano or dome-shaped mountain.

– Rectangular: This pattern occurs when rivers flow along straight channels that meet at right angles. It is typically formed in areas with a rectangular grid of faulted or jointed rocks.

[mediator_tech]

1. Family traits are ________, ________, ________, ________, and ________.
a) eye color, hair color, height, facial features, skin tone
b) blood type, shoe size, favorite food, musical talent, pet preference
c) favorite color, shoe brand, favorite book, musical genre, career choice

2. Dominant genes are expressed in an individual’s phenotype, even with ________ copy/copies.
a) no
b) one
c) two

3. Soil erosion is the process of ________, ________, and ________ of soil particles.
a) detachment, removal, disappearance
b) detachment, movement, displacement
c) attachment, growth, accumulation

4. The four types of drainage patterns are dendritic, trellis, radial, and ________.
a) rectangular
b) parallel
c) linear

5. A dominant gene can mask the presence of a ________ gene.
a) dominant
b) recessive
c) hybrid

6. Soil erosion occurs due to factors like ________, ________, ________, or gravity.
a) fire, pollution, deforestation
b) water, wind, ice
c) earthquakes, hurricanes, volcanic eruptions

7. The trellis drainage pattern consists of parallel main river channels with shorter tributaries joining them at ________ angles.
a) acute
b) right
c) obtuse

8. Recessive genes are expressed in an individual’s phenotype when ________ copies are inherited.
a) no
b) one
c) two

9. The radial drainage pattern occurs when rivers diverge outward from a ________ point.
a) central
b) highest
c) lowest

10. The rectangular drainage pattern is typically formed in areas with ________ or jointed rocks.
a) faulted
b) smooth
c) volcanic

Note: The correct answers for the questions are as follows:
1. a) eye color, hair color, height, facial features, skin tone
2. b) one
3. b) detachment, movement, displacement
4. a) rectangular
5. b) recessive
6. b) water, wind, ice
7. b) right
8. c) two
9. a) central
10. a) faulted

Lesson Plan Presentation:

Basic Science – Family Traits, Genes, Soil Erosion, and Drainage Patterns

Grade Level: JSS 2 (Junior Secondary School 2)

Subject: Basic Science

Topic: Family Traits, Genes, Soil Erosion, and Drainage Patterns

Duration: 45 minutes

Learning Objectives:
1. Identify and list five common family traits.
2. Differentiate between dominant and recessive genes.
3. Define soil erosion and understand its causes and consequences.
4. Identify and list the four types of drainage patterns.
5. Recognize the significance of studying family traits, genes, soil erosion, and drainage patterns in understanding basic science concepts.

Embedded Core Skills:
– Critical thinking
– Observational skills
– Classification and categorization
– Differentiation and comparison
– Vocabulary building
– Communication skills

Learning Materials:
– Whiteboard/Smartboard
– Markers/chalk
– Visual aids (pictures of family traits, genetics, soil erosion, and drainage patterns)
– Printed handouts on family traits, genes, soil erosion, and drainage patterns
– Assessment sheets
– Evaluation question sheets

Presentation:

I. Introduction (5 minutes)
– Greet the students and establish a positive learning environment.
– Introduce the topic: Family Traits, Genes, Soil Erosion, and Drainage Patterns.
– Explain the importance of understanding these concepts in basic science.

II. Family Traits (10 minutes)
– Define family traits as the characteristics shared among family members.
– Present visual aids displaying different family traits (eye color, hair color, height, facial features, and skin tone).
– Engage students in a discussion to identify and list five common family traits.
– Encourage students to share examples from their own families.
– Clarify any misconceptions and ensure understanding.

III. Dominant and Recessive Genes (10 minutes)
– Introduce the concept of genes and inheritance.
– Define dominant and recessive genes.
– Explain that dominant genes are expressed in an individual’s phenotype, even with one copy, while recessive genes require two copies to be expressed.
– Use visual aids and examples to illustrate the concept.
– Engage students in a discussion to differentiate between dominant and recessive genes.
– Provide real-life examples of traits determined by dominant and recessive genes.
– Address any questions or concerns raised by students.

IV. Soil Erosion (10 minutes)
– Define soil erosion as the process of detachment, movement, and displacement of soil particles.
– Present visual aids or diagrams depicting the causes and consequences of soil erosion.
– Explain the natural and human-induced factors contributing to soil erosion (water, wind, ice, gravity, deforestation, etc.).
– Discuss the importance of soil conservation and sustainable land management practices.
– Facilitate a class discussion on the ways to prevent soil erosion.
– Encourage students to share their ideas and suggestions.

V. Drainage Patterns (10 minutes)
– Introduce the concept of drainage patterns in river systems.
– Present visual aids displaying the four types of drainage patterns (dendritic, trellis, radial, and rectangular).
– Explain each type of drainage pattern, highlighting its distinct characteristics and formations.
– Engage students in identifying and listing the four types of drainage patterns.
– Use real-life examples or maps to reinforce the understanding of drainage patterns.
– Encourage students to ask questions and facilitate a discussion on the significance of studying drainage patterns.

Teacher’s Activities:
– Deliver the lesson with enthusiasm and clarity.
– Utilize visual aids and real-life examples to enhance understanding.
– Encourage student participation and discussion.
– Provide explanations, clarifications, and examples as needed.
– Monitor student engagement and understanding throughout the lesson.

[mediator_tech]

Learners’ Activities:
– Listen attentively to the teacher’s presentation.
– Take notes on important concepts and examples.
– Participate in class discussions by sharing their own family traits, ideas on soil erosion prevention, and examples of drainage patterns.
– Ask questions to seek clarification or further explanation.
– Engage in group activities or discussions to analyze and compare different family traits, genes, or drainage patterns.
– Review and discuss handouts on family traits, genes, soil erosion, and drainage patterns.

Assessment:
– Throughout the lesson, the teacher will assess student understanding through questions, class discussions, and active participation.
– At the end of the lesson, a formative assessment will be conducted to evaluate student comprehension.
– The assessment may include multiple-choice questions, short-answer questions, or diagram labeling related to family traits, genes, soil erosion, and drainage patterns.

Ten Evaluation Questions:
1. What are five common examples of family traits?
2. Differentiate between dominant and recessive genes.
3. Define soil erosion and explain its causes.
4. Name the four types of drainage patterns in river systems.
5. Give an example of a dominant gene and a recessive gene and explain how they are expressed.
6. What are the consequences of soil erosion?
7. Identify and describe the dendritic drainage pattern.
8. Why is it important to study family traits in basic science?
9. How can soil erosion be prevented?
10. Why do river systems exhibit different drainage patterns?

Conclusion (2 minutes):
– Summarize the key points covered in the lesson, including family traits, dominant and recessive genes, soil erosion, and drainage patterns.
– Emphasize the relevance of understanding these concepts in basic science and everyday life.
– Encourage students to explore these topics further and continue learning about the fascinating world of science.

Note: The duration of the lesson and the activities may be adjusted based on the specific class dynamics and available time.

THIRD TERM EXAMINATION FOR JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL JSS 2 BASIC SCIENCE