CONSONANT CLUSTERS
Subject:
ENGLISH STUDIES
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Term:
FIRST TERM
Week:
WEEK 6
Class:
SS 3
Topic:
CONSONANT CLUSTERS
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Previous lesson:
The pupils have previous knowledge of
FORMAL AND INFORMAL LETTERS, Adverbs and Adverbials
that was taught as a topic in the previous lesson
Behavioural objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the learners will be able to
- say the meaning of consonant cluster
- give examples of various consonant clusters
- explain the useful hints on answering comprehension questions?
- write an essay on ‘The day I will never forget’
Instructional Materials:
- Wall charts
- Pictures
- Related Online Video
- Flash Cards
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Methods of Teaching:
- Class Discussion
- Group Discussion
- Asking Questions
- Explanation
- Role Modelling
- Role Delegation
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Reference Materials:
- Scheme of Work
- Online Information
- Textbooks
- Workbooks
- 9 Year Basic Education Curriculum
- Workbooks
Content:
WEEK SIX
TOPIC: COMPREHENSION: IRRIGATION
The passage is adapted from Small Scale Irrigation by Peter Stern. The sprinkler method of irrigation is discussed at length.. The most common type of sprinkler used with portable systems is the rotating head sprinler, consisting of a head, with one or two nozzles, which is rotated slowly by the action of the water passing through it, and which waters a roughly circular piece of land around the sprinkler.
Irrigation is the process of supplying water to plants and crops in order to provide the necessary moisture for growth and development. The best time of year to start irrigation depends on your location and climate. In general, irrigation should be started gradually, with increased frequency as the weather warms up. How often you water your plants depends on a variety of factors, such as the type of plant, soil type, weather conditions, and irrigation method. It is generally better to water deeply but less frequently, rather than watering frequently but only a little each time.
There are a few common mistakes people make with their irrigation systems. One mistake is not adjusting the system for different seasons – for example, increasing the frequency of watering in the summertime but not decreasing it in the winter. Another mistake is using the wrong irrigation method for the wrong type of plant or soil – for example, using a sprinkler system on plants that don’t need frequent watering or using drip irrigation in an area that doesn’t have good drainage. Lastly, people sometimes forget to turn off their irrigation systems when it’s raining or they forget to set their timers correctly.
Whether or not you should use a timer for your irrigation system depends on your needs and preferences. Drip irrigation systems typically don’t require timers, since they are more precise and can be adjusted manually depending on the conditions. However, sprinkler systems usually do require timers in order to ensure that they are not being used when it’s not necessary. The difference between drip irrigation and sprinkler systems is that drip irrigation delivers water directly to the roots of plants through small hoses or tubing, while sprinkler systems deliver water in a broader area through a network of pipes and spray heads.
EVATUATION
– What is the best time of year to start irrigation?
– How often should I water my plants?
– Is it better to water deeply or frequently?
– What are some common mistakes people make with their irrigation?
– Should I use a timer for my irrigation system?
– What’s the difference between drip irrigation and sprinkler systems?
Topic: Vocabulary: Technical Words.
The words related to irrigation are equipment, fields, hydraulic, trench, regions, tropical, sub-tropical, and arid. These words describe the various components and systems used in irrigating crops, as well as the different climates and regions where irrigation is commonly practiced.
Topic: Consonant Clusters.
The English Language permits some consonants to follow each other in a sequence without an intervening vowel in a syllable. When two or more consonants come together, they form a consonant cluster. This cluster can appear at the beginning of the syllable or at the end.
In some words, it is not easy to identify consonant clusters by merely looking at the written form of the world. Such words manifest the clusters only when they are pronounced.
The following are examples.
Word Correct Pronunciation
new /nju:/
few /fju:/
cute /kju:t/
tune /tju:n/
view /vju:/
stew /stju:/
student /stju:dənt/
Clusters of two consonants at the initial position include
play /plei/
bright /brait/
drain /drein/
threat /θret/
clan /klæn/
hew /hju:/
Clusters of two consonants at the final position include
Sacked /sækt/
Washed /wכst/
Marks /ma:ks/
Maps /mæps/
Lanes /leinz/
Loaves /ləuvz/
Conscience /kənʃəns/
EVALUATION
Write the symbol of the consonants in a cluster in the following words.
Clean, frog, human, begs, talked, dwell, eighth, thrice, cast, shift.
/f/, /h/, /b/, /ɡ/, /t/, /d/, /θ/, /k/, /f/, /ʃ/
READING ASSIGNMENT
Figures of Speech.
GENERAL EVALUATION
Comprehension
1. What are useful hints on answering comprehension questions?
2. Give useful hints on understanding comprehension passages.
Speech Work
3. Define consonant sounds.
4. What is word stress, emphatic stress, and rhymes.
Essay
5. Write an essay on ‘The day I will never forget’.
6. What are the important elements of a good compare and contrast essay?
7. Write an essay on the importance of reading.
Vocabulary
8. Define consonant clusters and give examples.
9. What are the different ways to pronounce consonant clusters?
10. How do you identify a word that contains a consonant cluster?
WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
Revision and Tests, Part 1, Page 95, Effective English.
Exercise 2, Question b, Page 82, Oral English for Schools and Colleges.