HomeJSS 2Basic ScienceDescription of Eclipse, Climate, and Seasons – JSS1 Basic Science

Description of Eclipse, Climate, and Seasons – JSS1 Basic Science

BASIC SCIENCE JSS1 SECOND TERM WEEK 5 LESSON NOTE

SUBJECT: Basic Science

CLASS: JSS1 (Basic 7)

TERM: Second Term

WEEK: 5

TOPIC: Description of Eclipse, Climate, and Seasons

Instructional Materials

  • Wall charts
  • Pictures of eclipses and seasons
  • Online resources
  • Textbooks

Methods of Teaching

  • Role modeling
  • Question and answer
  • Explanation
  • Discussion
  • Recitation
  • Imitation

Previous Knowledge

Students have been taught about The Earth in Space in their previous lesson.

Behavioral Objectives

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

  1. Explain the eclipse of the moon.
  2. Explain the eclipse of the sun.
  3. Mention the seasons experienced in their country.
  4. Define climate and list its elements.
  5. Explain what an eclipse is.

Keywords

  • Eclipse – When one celestial body blocks light from another.
  • Climate – The average weather condition of a place over a long period.
  • Seasons – Different periods of the year caused by Earth’s movement around the Sun.
  • Annular Eclipse – A type of solar eclipse where the Moon appears smaller than the Sun.
  • Elements of Climate – Features that describe the climate of a place, such as temperature and rainfall.

Eclipse, Climate, and Seasons

Set Induction (Introduction)

The teacher asks students:

  • Have you ever seen an eclipse?
  • What do you think happens when the Sun disappears during the day?
  • What are the different seasons in Nigeria?

The teacher explains that an eclipse occurs when one celestial body blocks another, and climate and seasons are determined by the movement of the Earth.

Lesson Content

Sub-topic 1: Eclipse

The Sun is a large luminous body that provides light for the Earth and the Moon. Due to the movement of the Earth and Moon, one can sometimes block the other from the Sun, causing an eclipse.

Types of Eclipse

  1. Eclipse of the Moon (Lunar Eclipse)
    • This occurs when the Earth comes between the Sun and the Moon.
    • The Earth blocks sunlight from reaching the Moon, causing a shadow.
    • The Moon appears dark or red during this time.
  2. Eclipse of the Sun (Solar Eclipse)
    • This happens when the Moon passes between the Sun and the Earth.
    • The Moon blocks the Sun’s light, casting a shadow on parts of the Earth.
    • Some areas experience total darkness for a short time.
  3. Annular Eclipse
    • Occurs when the Moon is far from the Earth, and it does not completely cover the Sun.
    • A ring of light from the Sun is still visible around the Moon.
    • This type of eclipse is also called the “Ring of Fire” eclipse.

Sub-topic 2: Climate and Seasons

Climate

Climate refers to the average weather condition of a place over a long period (usually 30 years or more).

Elements of Climate

The main factors that determine the climate of a place include:

  1. Rainfall – The amount of water that falls as rain.
  2. Temperature – How hot or cold a place is.
  3. Wind – The movement of air in different directions.
  4. Humidity – The amount of moisture in the air.

The Seasons

Seasons are caused by the Earth’s movement around the Sun. It takes 365¼ days for the Earth to complete one revolution around the Sun, leading to different seasons.

Types of Seasons

  1. Autumn – Leaves fall from trees, and temperatures cool.
  2. Winter – The coldest season, with snowfall in some places.
  3. Spring – Plants begin to grow again after winter.
  4. Summer – The hottest season of the year.

In Nigeria and other tropical countries, there are two main seasons:

  • Rainy Season (April – October) – Characterized by heavy rainfall and high humidity.
  • Dry Season (November – March) – Characterized by little or no rainfall, with Harmattan (cold, dry wind) occurring.

Evaluation (Fill in the Blanks)

  1. The eclipse of the Moon occurs when the ______ comes between the Sun and the Moon.
    a) Moon
    b) Earth
    c) Sun
    d) Star
  2. The eclipse of the Sun occurs when the ______ comes between the Sun and the Earth.
    a) Earth
    b) Moon
    c) Cloud
    d) Planet
  3. The movement of the Earth around the Sun causes ______.
    a) Day and Night
    b) Seasons
    c) Earthquakes
    d) Rainfall
  4. In Nigeria, the two major seasons are ______ and ______.
    a) Summer, Winter
    b) Autumn, Spring
    c) Rainy, Dry
    d) Wet, Cold
  5. ______ is the average weather condition of a place over a long period.
    a) Temperature
    b) Climate
    c) Rainfall
    d) Season

Answers: 1(b), 2(b), 3(b), 4(c), 5(b)

Class Activity Discussion (FAQs)

  1. What is an eclipse?
    An eclipse occurs when one celestial body blocks light from another.
  2. What causes a lunar eclipse?
    A lunar eclipse happens when the Earth comes between the Sun and the Moon, casting a shadow on the Moon.
  3. What is a solar eclipse?
    A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon comes between the Sun and the Earth, blocking sunlight.
  4. What is an annular eclipse?
    It is a type of solar eclipse where the Moon appears smaller than the Sun, leaving a ring of light visible.
  5. What are the four seasons in temperate regions?
    Autumn, Winter, Spring, and Summer.
  6. What are the two major seasons in Nigeria?
    Rainy season and Dry season.
  7. What is climate?
    Climate is the average weather condition of a place over a long period.
  8. What are the elements of climate?
    Rainfall, Temperature, Wind, and Humidity.
  9. How long does it take the Earth to revolve around the Sun?
    365¼ days (one year).
  10. What causes the seasons?
    The tilt of the Earth’s axis and its movement around the Sun.

Presentation Steps

  1. Step 1: The teacher revises the previous topic.
  2. Step 2: The teacher introduces the new topic with simple explanations.
  3. Step 3: The teacher explains eclipses with diagrams and examples.
  4. Step 4: The teacher discusses climate and seasons.
  5. Step 5: The teacher allows students to give their own examples.
  6. Step 6: The teacher corrects wrong answers and summarizes the lesson.

Assessment (Short Answer Questions)

  1. Define an eclipse.
  2. What causes an eclipse of the Moon?
  3. Explain how a solar eclipse occurs.
  4. What is the difference between a lunar and solar eclipse?
  5. What are the four seasons in temperate regions?
  6. Name the two major seasons in Nigeria.
  7. Define climate.
  8. List three elements of climate.
  9. How does the Earth’s movement cause seasons?
  10. What is an annular eclipse?

Conclusion

The teacher marks students’ work, provides corrections, and summarizes the key points of the lesson.

Assignment

  1. Explain the seasons of the year in your country.
  2. List the nine planets in order of their distance from the Sun.

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