Meaning of Weather and Factors Affecting Weather Basic Science Primary 4 First Term Lesson Notes Week 6

Basic Science Primary 4 First Term Lesson Notes Week 6

Subject: Basic Science
Class: Primary 4
Term: First Term
Week: 6
Age: 9 years

Topic: Our Weather (I)

Sub-topic: Meaning of Weather and Factors Affecting Weather

Duration: 1 hour

Behavioural Objectives:

1. Pupils will state the meaning of weather.
2. Pupils will analyze the factors affecting the weather.
3. Pupils will relate weather conditions to changes in factors affecting the weather, such as sun, cloud, wind, and temperature.

Keywords: Weather, Factors, Sun, Cloud, Wind, Temperature, Weather Conditions

Set Induction:

• Show pictures or a video of different weather conditions (sunny, cloudy, windy, rainy). Ask pupils what they observe and how they describe these conditions.

Entry Behaviour:

• Pupils should be familiar with basic weather conditions and their everyday observations of the weather.

Learning Resources and Materials:

• Pictures or video clips of various weather conditions
• A simple weather chart
• Markers and chart paper

Building Background/Connection to Prior Knowledge:

• Discuss with pupils what they already know about weather and the factors that might influence it, such as the sun and wind.

Embedded Core Skills:

• Observation
• Analysis
• Communication

Learning Materials:

• Weather condition images
• Weather chart
• Drawing materials (paper, markers)

Reference Books:

• Lagos State Scheme of Work for Basic Science Primary 4

Instructional Materials:

• Pictures and videos of different weather conditions
• Weather chart
• Markers and chart paper

Content:

1. Meaning of Weather:
   • Weather refers to the state of the atmosphere at a specific time and place, including conditions like temperature, wind, cloudiness, and precipitation.
2. Factors Affecting Weather:
   • Sun: Affects temperature and daylight hours.
   • Clouds: Influence temperature and can bring precipitation.
   • Wind: Moves clouds and affects how cool or warm it feels.
   • Temperature: Determines whether it is hot, warm, cool, or cold.
3. Relating Weather Conditions to Factors:
   • Sunny Weather: Caused by clear skies with no clouds blocking the sun.
   • Cloudy Weather: Results from clouds covering the sun, affecting temperature and light.
   • Windy Weather: Occurs when wind moves clouds and affects the feel of temperature.
   • Rainy Weather: Happens when clouds gather moisture and it falls to the ground.

Evaluation Questions:

1. Weather refers to the state of the ________ at a specific time and place.
   a) Earth
   b) Atmosphere
   c) Water
   d) Soil
2. The ________ affects the temperature and daylight hours.
   a) Wind
   b) Sun
   c) Clouds
   d) Rain
3. Clouds can bring ________ to the weather.
   a) Wind
   b) Temperature
   c) Precipitation
   d) Sunshine
4. ________ weather happens when there is no cloud cover and the sun is shining.
   a) Cloudy
   b) Rainy
   c) Windy
   d) Sunny
5. ________ affects how cool or warm it feels outside.
   a) Temperature
   b) Clouds
   c) Rain
   d) Wind
6. Wind can move ________ and affect the temperature.
   a) Sun
   b) Clouds
   c) Temperature
   d) Rain
7. ________ weather occurs when clouds gather moisture and it falls to the ground.
   a) Sunny
   b) Windy
   c) Rainy
   d) Cloudy
8. ________ weather happens when clouds cover the sun.
   a) Rainy
   b) Windy
   c) Cloudy
   d) Sunny
9. The ________ is a key factor in determining the weather.
   a) Soil
   b) Sun
   c) Land
   d) Plants
10. Temperature determines if it is hot, ________, cool, or cold.
    a) Warm
    b) Windy
    c) Rainy
    d) Cloudy
11. ________ weather is characterized by strong winds and movement of clouds.
    a) Sunny
    b) Cloudy
    c) Windy
    d) Rainy
12. ________ is the term used to describe the state of the atmosphere.
    a) Weather
    b) Climate
    c) Season
    d) Temperature
13. The ________ is responsible for changing how warm or cool it feels.
    a) Wind
    b) Clouds
    c) Rain
    d) Soil
14. When the sky is clear and there are no clouds, the weather is ________.
    a) Rainy
    b) Windy
    c) Sunny
    d) Cloudy
15. The ________ affects how much sunlight reaches the Earth.
    a) Wind
    b) Clouds
    c) Temperature
    d) Rain

Class Activity Discussion 

1. Q: What does weather refer to?
   A: Weather refers to the state of the atmosphere at a specific time and place, including temperature, wind, cloudiness, and precipitation.
2. Q: What role does the sun play in weather?
   A: The sun affects the temperature and daylight hours.
3. Q: How do clouds influence the weather?
   A: Clouds can block the sun, affecting temperature and bringing precipitation.
4. Q: What is the effect of wind on weather?
   A: Wind can move clouds and affect how cool or warm it feels.
5. Q: How can we describe sunny weather?
   A: Sunny weather is characterized by clear skies with no clouds blocking the sun.
6. Q: What causes rainy weather?
   A: Rainy weather is caused by clouds gathering moisture and it falling to the ground.
7. Q: Why is temperature important in weather?
   A: Temperature determines if it is hot, warm, cool, or cold.
8. Q: How do clouds affect the weather?
   A: Clouds can cover the sun, affecting light and temperature and potentially bringing precipitation.
9. Q: What does windy weather involve?
   A: Windy weather involves strong winds that move clouds and can influence temperature.
10. Q: What happens when there is no cloud cover?
    A: When there is no cloud cover, the weather is usually sunny.
11. Q: How can you relate weather conditions to changes in factors?
    A: For example, clear skies lead to sunny weather, while clouds can cause cloudy or rainy weather.
12. Q: What is a common factor that affects all weather conditions?
    A: The sun is a common factor that affects all weather conditions.
13. Q: How does wind impact the weather?
    A: Wind can change the feel of temperature and move clouds, affecting weather conditions.
14. Q: What does a weather chart help us understand?
    A: A weather chart helps us understand and track different weather conditions and factors.
15. Q: How does temperature influence weather?
    A: Temperature influences how hot or cold it feels and affects other weather factors like cloud formation and precipitation.

Presentation:

1. Step 1: Introduce the topic of weather and its meaning using pictures and videos.
2. Step 2: Explain the factors affecting weather, such as sun, cloud, wind, and temperature.
3. Step 3: Discuss how each factor influences weather conditions and have pupils relate their observations to these factors.

Teacher’s Activities:

• Show and discuss various weather conditions using images or videos.
• Explain the factors affecting weather and their impact on weather conditions.

Learners’ Activities:

• Identify and describe different weather conditions.
• Discuss how factors like sun, clouds, and wind influence the weather.
• Relate observations of weather conditions to the factors affecting them.

Weather is the the condition of the atmosphere for a very short period of time hence the weather may be cloudy in the morning and be sunny some few minutes later. Therefore the weather may be sunny, windy , cloudy, or hot

Climate is the weather condition of a place for a very long period of timer .

A person that studies the weather and predict the weather is called a Meteorologist or weather forecaster.

      Factors affecting Weather

The condition of the weather affect the way we behave and react.

There are different factors that affect weather, these are:

1. Wind
2. Sunshine
3. Rainfall
4. Temperature
5. Humidity
6. Cloud
7. Atmospheric pressure

Weather instrument and functions

The following are weather instruments:

1. Thermometer – it is used to measure the temperature of a person.
2. Barometer – it is used to measure the pressure of the atmosphere.
3. Anemometer – it is used to measure the speed of the wind.
4. Rain gauge – it is used to measure the quantity or amount of rainfall.
5. Hygrometer – it is used to measure water vapor in the air (relative humidity).
6. Clock – it is used to show time.
7. Photometer – used to measure Light intensity.
8. Wind Vane – It is used ti measure the direction of the wind

Weather Symbols

Meteorologist make use of these symbols when recording and forecasting weather.

The following are some of the symbols used to observe the condition of weather.

1. Sunny
2. Rainy
3. Cold
4. Cloudy
5. Lightning
6. Hot

GLOBAL WARMING

Global warming is an increase in the average temperature of the earth’s atmosphere that leads to the change of climate.

This is caused by the release of harmful gases like carbon dioxide (co2), chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) into the atmosphere.

The effect of global warming

1. Rising sea level
2. Increase in temperature
3. Excessive flood.

Assessment:

• Evaluate pupils’ understanding through their ability to describe weather conditions and the factors affecting them.

Evaluation Questions:

1. What does weather refer to?
2. Name two factors that affect the weather.
3. How does the sun affect the weather?
4. What is the effect of clouds on weather?
5. How does wind influence weather conditions?
6. Describe a situation where the weather is sunny.
7. What happens during rainy weather?
8. How does temperature affect weather?
9. How can you tell if it is windy outside?
10. Why is it important to understand factors affecting weather?
11. Define weather.
12. Identify the factors affecting weather.
13. Mention weather instruments
14. Identify and write simple weather symbols.

Conclusion:

• Review the key points about weather and its affecting factors.
• Ensure pupils understand how different factors contribute to various weather conditions