HomePrimary 3Basic Science And Technology Primary 3Energy Jss 1 Basic Science Second Term Lesson Notes

Energy Jss 1 Basic Science Second Term Lesson Notes

JSS 1 BASIC SCIENCE SECOND TERM LESSON NOTE

WEEK 9: ENERGY

Lesson Details

  • Subject: Basic Science
  • Class: JSS 1
  • Term: Second Term
  • Week: 9
  • Age: 10 – 12 years
  • Topic: Energy
  • Sub-topic: Sources, Forms, and Conversion of Energy
  • Duration: 40 minutes

Behavioral Objectives

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

  1. Define energy.
  2. Identify and explain different sources of energy.
  3. List and describe various forms of energy.
  4. Explain energy conversion and provide examples.
  5. State the law of conservation of energy.

Keywords

  • Energy
  • Sources
  • Conversion
  • Kinetic
  • Potential
  • Conservation

Set Induction

The teacher asks the students:

  • Have you ever played football or used a torchlight?
  • What do you think makes the football move or the torchlight shine?
  • Do you know where electricity comes from?
    These questions will lead into the discussion on energy.

Entry Behavior

Students have experience with different activities that require energy, such as running, using electronic devices, and cooking.

Learning Resources and Materials

  • Flashcards with different sources of energy
  • A torchlight with a battery (to demonstrate electrical energy)
  • A toy car (to demonstrate kinetic energy)
  • Pictures of wind turbines, solar panels, and hydroelectric dams

Building Background/Connection to Prior Knowledge

Students already use energy daily, such as when eating food for strength, using electricity, or playing. The teacher will relate these experiences to the different sources and forms of energy.

Embedded Core Skills

  • Critical thinking
  • Observation
  • Communication
  • Scientific inquiry

Lesson Content

Definition of Energy

Energy is the ability or capacity to do work. It enables movement, light, heat, and other physical changes. Energy exists in all living and non-living things.

Sources of Energy

There are different sources of energy:

  1. Solar Energy

    • Comes from the sun.
    • Used for electricity (solar panels) and heating water.

  2. Wind Energy

    • Generated using wind turbines.
    • Used for electricity production in wind farms.

  3. Geothermal Energy

    • Comes from heat inside the Earth.
    • Used for heating and electricity generation.

  4. Hydrogen Energy

    • Obtained from water (H₂O).
    • Used to power vehicles and rockets.

  5. Tidal Energy

    • Comes from the rise and fall of ocean tides.
    • Used in coastal regions for electricity generation.

  6. Wave Energy

    • Generated from ocean waves.
    • Used to produce electricity.

  7. Hydroelectric Energy

    • Generated by moving water (dams).
    • Used to produce electricity.

  8. Biomass Energy

    • Comes from plants and organic waste.
    • Used for cooking, heating, and electricity.

  9. Nuclear Energy

    • Generated from nuclear reactions (e.g., uranium).
    • Used in power plants.

  10. Fossil Fuels (Coal, Oil, and Natural Gas)

  • The main source of energy worldwide.
  • Used for transportation, heating, and electricity.

Forms of Energy

  1. Kinetic Energy: Energy of moving objects (e.g., wind, running water).
  2. Potential Energy: Stored energy (e.g., water in a dam, fuel in a tank).
  3. Light Energy: From the sun or bulbs.
  4. Heat Energy: From fire, the sun, or hot objects.
  5. Mechanical Energy: In machines and moving parts.
  6. Electrical Energy: From batteries, generators, and power stations.
  7. Sound Energy: From voices, speakers, and musical instruments.
  8. Chemical Energy: Stored in food, fuel, and batteries.
  9. Nuclear Energy: Released from atomic reactions.

Energy Conversion

Energy can change from one form to another. Some common conversions are:

Energy Conversion Converter
Chemical → Heat Matchstick, Rocket
Electrical → Sound Electric Bell, Loudspeaker
Chemical → Electrical Batteries
Light → Chemical Green Plants (Photosynthesis)
Mechanical → Mechanical Brakes of a Car/Bike
Chemical → Mechanical Human Body, Cars
Mechanical → Sound Drum, Hand Bell
Chemical → Sound Fireworks
Sound → Electrical Microphone

Law of Conservation of Energy

The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it can be changed from one form to another.

For example, when a car moves, chemical energy in fuel is converted into mechanical energy.

Class Activities

  1. Demonstration: The teacher lights a matchstick to show chemical energy turning into heat and light energy.
  2. Group Discussion: Students list appliances they use at home and identify the energy forms they use.
  3. Questioning: The teacher asks students to explain how energy is used in different objects.

Evaluation Questions

Objective Questions

  1. The mainspring to all life activities is _____.
    A. energy B. power C. work D. force

  2. The device which converts solar energy to electricity is _____.
    A. electromagnet B. photovoltaic solar panel C. turbine D. dynamo

  3. The chlorophyll in plants uses _____ to produce energy.
    A. light B. plant C. sun D. atmosphere

  4. The energy directly from the sun is converted using _____.
    A. voltaic solar panel B. generator C. photogenic machine D. none

  5. The law of conservation of energy is also known as _____.
    A. First law of thermodynamics B. Law of mass action
    C. Pythagoras theorem D. Indosian theory

Theory Questions

  1. State the law of conservation of energy.
  2. List five energy conversions and their converters.
  3. Define energy.
  4. Identify five sources of energy and explain each.
  5. Differentiate between kinetic and potential energy.

General Evaluation

  1. What is energy?
  2. List five sources of energy.
  3. Define kinetic and potential energy.
  4. List five examples of energy conversion and their converters.
  5. Why is energy important in our daily lives?

Reading Assignment

Precious Seed Basic Science for Junior Secondary Schools Book 1, Pages 134-145.

Weekend Assignment

  1. What is the primary source of energy on Earth?
    A. Wind B. Water C. Sun D. Coal

  2. Which energy source is renewable?
    A. Coal B. Oil C. Biomass D. Natural Gas

  3. Hydroelectric energy is generated by _____.
    A. Wind turbines B. Dams C. Coal plants D. Nuclear reactors

  4. The energy stored in food is _____ energy.
    A. Chemical B. Heat C. Light D. Sound

  5. The movement of waves in the ocean can generate _____.
    A. Electrical energy B. Mechanical energy C. Chemical energy D. Sound energy

Conclusion

The teacher summarizes the lesson and allows students to ask questions. The teacher then marks and gives feedback on students’ work.

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