Understanding Long Vowel Sounds and Vowel Sounds /æ/ and /a:/ Speech Work English Grammar Primary 5 First Term Lesson Notes Week 2
Learn long vowel sounds and the distinction between /æ/ and /a:/ in this Primary 5 English lesson.
Subject: English Grammar
Class: Primary 5
Term: First Term
Week: 2
Age: 10 years
Topic: Long Vowel Sounds
Sub-topic: Vowel Sounds /æ/ and /a:/
Duration: 1 hour
Behavioural Objectives: By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:
- Identify and pronounce the vowel sounds /æ/ and /a:/ correctly.
- Distinguish between the sounds when used in words.
- Use words containing these sounds in sentences.
Keywords: Long vowel sounds, /æ/ sound, /a:/ sound, Pronunciation, Diction
Set Induction:
- Begin with a simple tongue twister that emphasizes long vowel sounds. For example, “The fat cat sat on a mat.”
Entry Behaviour:
- Students should be familiar with basic vowel sounds and the concept of short and long vowels.
Learning Resources and Materials:
- Flashcards with words containing /æ/ and /a:/ sounds.
- Audio recordings of words with these vowel sounds.
- Visual aids showing mouth positions for producing the sounds.
Building Background/Connection to Prior Knowledge:
- Review the short vowel sounds learned in the previous week. Discuss how vowels can have different sounds depending on their length.
Embedded Core Skills:
- Listening and speaking skills
- Pronunciation
- Oral communication
Learning Materials:
- Flashcards
- Audio player
- Visual aids
Reference Books:
- Lagos State Scheme of Work
- English Grammar Textbooks for Primary 5
Instructional Materials:
- Whiteboard and markers
- Handouts with exercises on vowel sounds
Content:
- Definition and Explanation of Long Vowel Sounds:
- Long vowels are vowel sounds that are pronounced for a longer duration.
- Examples of long vowel sounds:
- a: as in “cake”
- e: as in “beet”
- i: as in “kite”
- o: as in “boat”
- u: as in “flute”
- Vowel Sound /æ/:
- The /æ/ sound is a short, front vowel sound.
- It is pronounced by placing the tongue low and at the front of the mouth.
- Examples:
- “cat” /kæt/
- “bat” /bæt/
- “mat” /mæt/
- Vowel Sound /a:/:
- The /a:/ sound is a long, back vowel sound.
- It is pronounced by opening the mouth wide and lowering the tongue.
- Examples:
- “car” /ka
/
- “farm” /fa
/
- “father” /ˈfa:ðər/
- “car” /ka
- Contrasting /æ/ and /a:/ in Words:
- The /æ/ sound is shorter and sharper, while the /a:/ sound is longer and deeper.
- Examples:
- “bad” /bæd/ vs. “bard” /ba
/
- “hat” /hæt/ vs. “heart” /ha
/
- “pat” /pæt/ vs. “part” /pa
/
- “bad” /bæd/ vs. “bard” /ba
Evaluation:
- The word with the /æ/ sound is:
a) car
b) cat
c) far
d) part - The vowel sound in “farm” is:
a) /æ/
b) /a:/
c) /e:/
d) /o:/ - Which of these words has the /a:/ sound?
a) Bat
b) Hat
c) Father
d) Mat - The /æ/ sound is pronounced by:
a) Opening the mouth wide
b) Placing the tongue low and front
c) Closing the lips
d) Raising the tongue - The word “heart” has the vowel sound:
a) /æ/
b) /a:/
c) /e:/
d) /i:/ - A word that contrasts with “cat” using the /a:/ sound is:
a) Car
b) Kit
c) Pat
d) Rat - Which word has the /æ/ sound?
a) Hat
b) Hard
c) Cart
d) Dark - The vowel sound in “bard” is:
a) /æ/
b) /a:/
c) /e:/
d) /i:/ - A word that contrasts with “bat” using the /a:/ sound is:
a) Barn
b) Bet
c) Bit
d) Bat - The /a:/ sound is longer than the /æ/ sound.
a) True
b) False - The word “part” has the vowel sound:
a) /æ/
b) /a:/
c) /e:/
d) /o:/ - Which of these words does not have the /æ/ sound?
a) Rat
b) Car
c) Cat
d) Bat - The /æ/ sound is a:
a) Long sound
b) Short sound
c) Rising sound
d) Falling sound - A word that contrasts with “rat” using the /a:/ sound is:
a) Cart
b) Sit
c) Mat
d) Pat - The sound in “arm” is:
a) /æ/
b) /a:/
c) /e:/
d) /i:/
Class Activity Discussion:
- What are long vowel sounds?
- Long vowel sounds are vowel sounds that last longer when pronounced.
- Can you give examples of words with long vowel sounds?
- Examples include “cake,” “beet,” “kite,” “boat,” and “flute.”
- What is the /æ/ sound?
- The /æ/ sound is a short, front vowel sound found in words like “cat” and “bat.”
- What is the /a:/ sound?
- The /a:/ sound is a long, back vowel sound found in words like “car” and “farm.”
- How do /æ/ and /a:/ sounds differ?
- /æ/ is shorter and sharper, while /a:/ is longer and deeper.
- Give an example of a word with the /æ/ sound.
- “Cat” is a word with the /æ/ sound.
- Give an example of a word with the /a:/ sound.
- “Car” is a word with the /a:/ sound.
- How can you practice distinguishing /æ/ and /a:/ sounds?
- By listening and repeating words that have these sounds.
- What happens to the mouth when pronouncing the /a:/ sound?
- The mouth opens wide, and the tongue is lowered.
- Why is it important to know the difference between /æ/ and /a:/?
- It helps in pronouncing words correctly.
- How does the /æ/ sound compare to the /a:/ sound?
- The /æ/ sound is shorter and higher, while the /a:/ sound is longer and lower.
- Can you think of a pair of words that contrast /æ/ and /a:/?
- “Bat” and “Bart” contrast /æ/ and /a:/.
- Which sound is more common in English words, /æ/ or /a:/?
- Both sounds are common, but /æ/ is more frequent in everyday words.
- How can rhyming help with understanding vowel sounds?
- Rhyming shows how different vowel sounds are used in similar words.
- What is the key difference in mouth position between /æ/ and /a:/?
- /æ/ is pronounced with the tongue front and low, while /a:/ is pronounced with the mouth wide open and tongue lowered.
Presentation:
Step 1: The teacher revises the previous topic on short vowel sounds, focusing on the pronunciation and recognition of these sounds.
Step 2: The teacher introduces the new topic, emphasizing the long vowel sounds and the specific vowel sounds /æ/ and /a:/, with examples of each. The teacher draws attention to the differences in pronunciation and usage in words.
Step 3: The teacher allows pupils to contribute by pronouncing words with the /æ/ and /a:/ sounds, and encourages them to use these words in sentences. The teacher provides corrections where necessary.
Teacher’s Activities:
- Demonstrate the correct pronunciation of /æ/ and /a:/.
- Use flashcards and audio examples to illustrate the sounds.
- Guide pupils in distinguishing between /æ/ and /a:/ in different words.
- Encourage pupils to use these words in sentences.
Learners’ Activities:
- Listen carefully to the sounds and repeat them.
- Identify the /æ/ and /a:/ sounds in words.
- Participate in sentence construction using words with these vowel sounds.
Assessment:
- Conduct oral exercises where pupils pronounce words with /æ/ and /a:/ sounds.
- Evaluate their ability to distinguish between the sounds in different contexts.
Ten Evaluation Questions:
- What is the /æ/ sound?
- How do you pronounce the /a:/ sound?
- Give an example of a word with the /æ/ sound.
- What is a long vowel sound?
- Compare the /æ/ and /a:/ sounds.
- Can you identify the /a:/ sound in a sentence?
- What happens to your mouth when you say /æ/?
- How do /æ/ and /a:/ differ in length?
- Give a sentence using a word with the /a:/ sound.
- Why is it important to pronounce these sounds correctly?
Conclusion:
- The teacher goes around to mark the pupils’ work and provides necessary feedback on their pronunciation of /æ/ and /a:/ sounds.
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