Understanding Eclipses, Diseases, and Elements in Basic Science For Jss 2

iii Eclipse of the moon

iv Solar eclipse

a Fill in the missing disease, vectors, and pathogens

b. In a tabular form classify the following into metal and non-metal:

1. Eclipses: Eclipses are events when one celestial body moves into the shadow of another. There are two main types:
   • Solar eclipse: This happens when the Moon passes between the Sun and the Earth, blocking the sunlight.
   • Lunar eclipse: This occurs when the Earth comes between the Sun and the Moon, causing the Earth’s shadow to fall on the Moon.
   • Example: During a solar eclipse, it gets dark in the middle of the day because the Moon blocks the sunlight.
2. Disease Transmission: Diseases can be spread by organisms called vectors, like mosquitoes and flies, carrying pathogens (germs) that cause illnesses.
   • Example: Malaria is spread by female Anopheles mosquitoes carrying the malaria parasite.
   • Example: Trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) is spread by the tsetse fly carrying the trypanosome parasite.
3. Classification of Elements: Elements are substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances. They are classified into metals and non-metals based on their properties.
   • Metals: These are shiny, conductive, and often malleable substances like magnesium, silver, and zinc.
   • Non-metals: These are usually dull, poor conductors, and brittle substances like sulfur, nitrogen, and carbon.
   • Example: Magnesium is a metal because it’s shiny and conducts electricity.
   • Example: Sulfur is a non-metal because it’s dull and doesn’t conduct electricity.

Understanding these concepts helps us grasp how natural phenomena occur and how diseases spread, which is essential for agricultural science and everyday life. 🌞🌕🦟🦠

Class Activity Discussion :

1. What is a solar eclipse?
   A solar eclipse happens when the Moon moves between the Sun and the Earth, blocking the sunlight.
2. What is a lunar eclipse?
   A lunar eclipse occurs when the Earth moves between the Sun and the Moon, causing the Earth’s shadow to fall on the Moon.
3. How does a solar eclipse affect the Earth?
   During a solar eclipse, it gets darker because the sunlight is blocked by the Moon.
4. How does a lunar eclipse affect the Moon?
   During a lunar eclipse, the Moon appears to turn reddish because of the Earth’s shadow.
5. How are diseases spread by vectors?
   Diseases like malaria and sleeping sickness are spread by insects like mosquitoes and flies carrying germs called pathogens.
6. What is the vector for malaria?
   Female Anopheles mosquitoes carry the malaria parasite and spread the disease when they bite humans.
7. What is the vector for sleeping sickness?
   Tsetse flies spread sleeping sickness by carrying a parasite called trypanosome.
8. What are elements classified into?
   Elements are classified into metals and non-metals based on their properties.
9. What are some examples of metals?
   Metals include substances like magnesium, silver, and zinc, which are shiny and conduct electricity.
10. What are some examples of non-metals?
    Non-metals include substances like sulfur, nitrogen, and carbon, which are usually dull and don’t conduct electricity well.
11. How does a metal differ from a non-metal?
    Metals are shiny and conductive, while non-metals are usually dull and poor conductors of electricity.
12. What is trypanosomiasis also known as?
    Trypanosomiasis is also known as sleeping sickness, a disease caused by the trypanosome parasite.
13. What is the vector for dengue fever?
    Aedes mosquitoes carry the flavivirus pathogen and spread diseases like dengue fever.
14. Why are mosquitoes dangerous?
    Mosquitoes are dangerous because they can spread diseases like malaria and dengue fever when they bite humans.
15. How do scientists classify elements?
    Scientists classify elements into groups like metals and non-metals based on their physical and chemical properties

Evaluation :

1. During a __________ eclipse, the Moon blocks the sunlight.
   a) Solar
   b) Lunar
   c) Stellar
2. Malaria is spread by __________ mosquitoes carrying the malaria parasite.
   a) Male Anopheles
   b) Female Anopheles
   c) Culex
3. Sleeping sickness is spread by the __________ fly carrying the trypanosome parasite.
   a) House
   b) Tsetse
   c) Horse
4. Elements like magnesium and silver are classified as __________.
   a) Non-metals
   b) Metals
   c) Metalloids
5. Sulfur and nitrogen are examples of __________.
   a) Metals
   b) Non-metals
   c) Alloys
6. A solar eclipse happens when the __________ comes between the Sun and the Earth.
   a) Sun
   b) Earth
   c) Moon
7. Lunar eclipse occurs when the __________ shadow falls on the Moon.
   a) Earth’s
   b) Sun’s
   c) Moon’s
8. Trypanosomiasis is also known as __________.
   a) Sleeping sickness
   b) Malaria
   c) Dengue fever
9. The __________ mosquito carries the flavivirus pathogen.
   a) Aedes
   b) Anopheles
   c) Culex
10. __________ is a shiny metal that conducts electricity.
    a) Sulfur
    b) Magnesium
    c) Carbon
11. Non-metals are usually __________.
    a) Shiny
    b) Dull
    c) Conductive
12. During a solar eclipse, it gets __________ because the sunlight is blocked.
    a) Brighter
    b) Darker
    c) Warmer
13. The __________ fly spreads the disease called trypanosomiasis.
    a) House
    b) Tsetse
    c) Fruit
14. Anopheles mosquitoes are known for spreading __________.
    a) Dengue fever
    b) Malaria
    c) Zika virus
15. Magnesium is a __________ because it’s shiny and conducts electricity.
    a) Non-metal
    b) Metal
    c) Metalloid