Write short notes on the following: (i) Formal Education. (ii) Non-Formal Education. (iii) Continuing Education. Adult and Non-formal Education NTI PGDE
- Write short notes on the following:
(i) Formal Education.
(ii) Non-Formal Education. (iii) Continuing Education.
(i) Formal Education: Formal education refers to structured, organized learning that follows a set curriculum, pedagogy, and institutional framework. It operates within well-defined modes of operation and often includes institutions such as pre-primary, primary, secondary, and tertiary schools. Formal education is characterized by full-time attendance, fixed curriculum, and organizational patterns. Examples include traditional schools, colleges, and universities, all falling under a nation’s conventional educational system.
(ii) Non-Formal Education: Non-formal education is more flexible and relaxed compared to formal education. It allows for modifications and variations in curriculum, methods of evaluation, and organizational structures. Voluntariness and part-time participation are encouraged, and it typically exists outside the formal educational system. Non-formal education includes diverse programs like adult education, skill development workshops, and community-based initiatives. While organized, it provides more adaptability to cater to the specific needs and interests of learners.
(iii) Continuing Education: Continuing education involves the ongoing process of acquiring skills, knowledge, values, and attitudes that may have started in the past and is resumed in the present. It is crucial for individuals who need to update their expertise, perhaps due to changes in their field or the expansion of knowledge. Continuing education can be discipline-specific or general, catering to professionals like doctors, mechanics, or computer operators. It also accommodates individuals who may have left formal education but seek additional learning opportunities, such as preparing for future exams or university entrance tests.
Evaluation
- Formal education operates within ___________ boundaries. a. flexible b. rigid c. voluntary d. spontaneous
- Non-formal education allows for variations in ___________. a. attendance b. curriculum c. rigidity d. organizational patterns
- Continuing education involves the ongoing process of acquiring ___________. a. random skills b. outdated knowledge c. new values d. irrelevant attitudes
- Formal education is characterized by full-time ___________. a. attendance b. flexibility c. spontaneity d. voluntariness
- Non-formal education encourages ___________ participation. a. full-time b. part-time c. rigid d. outdated
- Continuing education can be discipline-specific or ___________. a. irrelevant b. general c. rigid d. outdated
- Andragogy emphasizes the need for adults to be involved in ___________. a. passive learning b. curriculum development c. rigid structures d. outdated methods
- Community development involves a group of persons with common values and problems working to improve their ___________. a. attendance b. curriculum c. lot d. rigidity
- Non-formal education is usually ___________ the formal educational system. a. part of b. outside c. parallel to d. against
- The curriculum in andragogy should relate to adults’ goals, ___________, interests, and problems. a. outdated methods b. experience c. spontaneity d. passive learning
- Community development entails a group of persons jointly undertaking to improve their ___________. a. attendance b. curriculum c. lot d. rigidity
- Continuing education is important when a process of acquiring skills was ___________ in the past. a. completed b. outdated c. spontaneous d. irrelevant
- Informal education often occurs in ___________ situations. a. unstructured b. formal c. outdated d. voluntary
- Non-formal education retains common features with formal education, including ___________. a. spontaneity b. organizational structure c. part-time participation d. outdated methods
- Andragogy involves adults actively engaging in the ___________ process. a. passive learning b. outdated methods c. teaching d. spontaneity