JSS 1 FIRST TERM LESSON NOTES CIVIC EDUCATION

CIVIC EDUCATION

JSS1 Alpha Term

WEEK ONE

TOPIC: VALUE

Value can be the monetary and non-monetary worth of a thing in the ordinary sense.

In civic education value is used to refer to all moral standards and principles that guides human actions. Being moral i.e. refer to what our society’s belief about what is right or wrong socially and culturally. Such principles make a citizen important, good and active in Nation building (progressing peacefully)

The unprincipled person is that person without moral principles e.g. a dishonest person. Some of the things that value include expensive cars, house, jewelleries and certificates. We guide and keep them jealously. Also the society esteem valuable persons high on them have values that the society embraces.

The university accepted types of values include honesty, loyalty, faithfulness, truthfulness, courage, self-reliance, cooperation and so on.

LEVELS OF MANIFESTATION OF VALUE

Values can be manifested in the following ways:

1. By being low abiding citizen: good citizens obey the rules and regulations of where he lives. He there by encourage some other residents around him.
2. By being oneself in all situation: someone that has good standards can be predicted as he will always do what is right or tell the truth even if the consequence is not favourable to him.
3. By respecting other views and values: A valuable person respects other people’s view even when they are century to his views but would not do what believers is wrong morally 
4. By being loyal to constituted Authority: A valuable person will not act in a way they will destroy the nations image or other people image as a student he will support his/her school’s culture 

Assignment 

1. what is value? 
2. State two importance of value.

WEEK 2 and 3

FACTOR THAT PROMOTES GOOD VALUES SYSTEMS.

A value promotes good value system by an individual. It guides his goal setting. A value system can be improved by:

1. Consistency:  This is being used to do the same thing frequently without charging such a person can be predicted on his beliefs and does not embrace bad value in the society.
2. Integrity :  This describes the qualities of strong moral principles in a person. He will be opposed to taking bribes, corruption, examination malpracticed and so on.
3. Commitment :  It must focusing completely on an activity unity it is accomplished. Citizen are required to be committed to government’s programme.
4. Fairness :  This is threatens people equally according to the rule. It is achieving favouritism in all its forms.
5. Tolerance : This is the willingness to accept opinions or behaviour of other who may not likes us it respects. Other cultures, religion and faster peace, co-operation and progress in the society.

                                                  IMPORTANCE  OF VALUES   

• It helps in goal setting.
• They control our behaviours.
• They make us have positive influence on others.
• They make us happy and fulfilled.
• They help in achieving the goals we have set.

Assignment  : 

Mention 4 factor that promote good values ?

WEEK 4

TYPES OF VALUES 2 (Honesty)

 Honesty is the human quality of being straight forward and truthful in words action. The society through leaders who value honesty honour people such as a honest person can be trusted because he will always speak the truth.

    According to Wikipedia encyclopaedia honesty is the human quality of community and acting truthfully.

   ATTRIBUTES OF HONESTY

1. Truthfulness : if a person is ho
2. nest it means been always truthful in any situation and in all his communication. He will tell the truth even if he is to be punished or hurt. He is straight forward and blunt.
3. Godliness: Honesty cannot be divorced from godliness. Honest people fear only God. It is the fear of God that makes a child report himself to the school authority when he destroys schools property and nobody knows about it.
4. Loyalty : A honest person is ever loyal to his beliefs and country
5. Reliability: if someone is always telling the truth, not stealing or cheating, he can be dependable at all times. People can rely on his words and can be a witness in the court of low.
6. Respect: a honest person respects others since he also wants to be respected.
7. Courage : it is courage that can make someone say the that when others would not for fear of being punished. We need coverage people in Nigeria

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BENEFITS OF HONESTY

1. Trust: Honesty makes a man reliable. He is not seen as a liar and as such when others are been punished he is left unpunished.
2. Honour: Honest people have been honoured in time past by leaders who entrance honesty. Some have been conferred CFR, OFR, SON and come materially financially.
3. Promotion: many people have been rewarded with promotion for being honest. Honesty can raise a man from grass to grace and from zero to hero.
4. Popularity: people have become popular for being honest.
5. Confidence : people can easily associate with honest persons particularly in business. Their business flourish.
6. a result of the confidence customers, business associates have in them.
7. They can be entrusted with responsibilities: whenever there is the need to appoint people if integrity in position, honest person are given priority privilege to service.

Assignment : 

1. Describe honesty. 
2. Discuss the Consequences of dishonesty 

WEEK FIVE

DISHONESTY

This is the quality of being untruthful in words and actions while dealing with others or yourself. It is exhibited in all terms of examination malpractice lying to others particularly about money, misuse of school, government or organization funds and so on.  

CONSEQUENCES OF DISHONESTY

1. Lack of competent professionals: professional such as medical doctors, teachers and lawyers who get their certificate through dubious means will be incompetent professionals as they might have cheated in examination.
2. Low standard education: the standard of education has been compromised by incompetent educationists who assure students who would have read well and prepare well for examination for ‘help’. Such teacher must have gotten has certificate through dubious means.
3. Hardship: the embezzlement of money meant to provide basic amenities will cause untold hardship on citizens due to some people’s dishonesty.
4. Frustration and poverty: some people cannot suicide and die prematurely when defrauded through advance fee fraud also known as ‘419’. Many businesses have collapsed and owners frustrated and impoverished as result of some people’s dishonesty.
5. Untimely death of innocent citizens: due to the incompetence of half-baked professionals like the doctors or pharmacist wrong medical prescription has led to the death of innocent patient. 
6. Election of corrupt leaders: electoral malpractice enthrones wrong persons in offices. Such people will embezzle government treasury and not fulfil his promises to the electorate.
7. Dent’s the nation’s image: foreigners assure that all Nigerians are dishonest as they hear of and see certificate forgery, duping and other retailers activities being committed by Nigerians. They therefore are not willing to respect business with Nigerians

Assignment 

1. Explain the meaning of Dishonesty

WEEK SIX

CO – OPERATION AS A VALUE 

Co-operation is wanting together to achieve a good. It is the cordial relationship among people which leads to a peaceful co-existence. It is the opposite of conflict and competition. It is required in all aspects of the families, schools, officers, industries, churches, mosques. 

Cooperation is enhanced when members of a group have approve, rules and regulations even values for achieving a common goal. 

Co-operation is impossible when members do not agree with one another. It is therefore imperative to learn how to live together with other students, must learn to co-operate with their teachers, classmate and school mates.

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TYPES OF COOPERATION

There are three types of cooperation namely:

1. Internal co – operation
2. Bilateral co – operation 
3. Multi – lateral co – operation 

1. INTERNAL CO-OPERATION: in a community or individuals and groups in a community or state come together for economic, social and political objectives of the community or state. Examples of such includes electing leaders into political power. Political association, cooperative societies social clubs are example of internal cooperate for community development and achieving specific goals and objectives.
2. BILATERAL COOPERATION: this is usually between two countries to enlarge the economic, social and political development of the two countries involved.
3. MULTI-LATERAL COOPERATION: this involves several countries coming together to evolve strategies of solving specific problems. The agreement is binding on the number states who must be signatories to the agreement. Any member state that default will be sanctioned e.g. United Nation Organization (UNO), Economic Communities or West Africa (ECOWAS) e.t.c

The United Nations was established in 1945 to prevent a third world war and foster good neighborliness amongst members state.

ATTRIBUTES OF COOPERATION

1. UNITY: It is the core of cooperation’s only united people can work together. People must be are with leaders in order to make progress.
2. SHARING: we must share information, idols, views and opinions of material needed for accomplishing a task if we are to achieve our collective goals. 
3. SUPPORT: a cooperative individual backs, helps and support others by working in agreement. As citizens we ought to support government programmes of they must successes.
4. TEAM SPIRIT: it is a very important attitude of cooperation. It makes everyone to be part of the task and see himself as important as others in the achievement of a set goal.
5. CARING: everyone must be cared for so that they can have a sense of belonging. The leaders must care for the followers and vice versa. Everyone must be kind and helpful to the others for a successful co-operation.

Assignment

Identify factors that promote cooperation 

JSS 2 FIRST TERM LESSON NOTE CIVIC EDUCATION

WEEK 7

FACTORS THAT PROMOTES COOPERATION

1. UNDERSTANDING: a mutual understanding of people in the society will make them work together for the goal and objectives of the society.
2. GOOD REWARD AND RECOGNITION: If a is a group certain of being rewarded when a goal is achieved every member will work tirelessly towards the achievement of the goal. The society must recognise those who work for its progress, hence football teams are rewarded bountifully, institutions are named after some heros and heroines. Example include Tafawa Balewa Square, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile – Ife, Muritala Muhammed Airport. They all have such names to immortalize some leaders who work for the unity and progress of Nigeria.
3. C. WELL DEFINED GOALS: the team must have a goal that motivates each member to work together. The goal must be well stated and well – defined. When the achievement of the ultimate goal is beneficial to all members, they are propelled to work tirelessly towards, achieving the goal.
4. CLARITY OF NEED FOR COOPERATION: in Nigeria, people has seen the need for democracy due to the gains so far

BENEFITS OF COOPERATION

As cooperation is very important in a society, we can not but mention A’s importance which include. 

Achievement of Goals: people are happy when they work together and achieve the goals easily.

Assignment 

Enumerate the benefits of cooperation 

WEEK EIGHT and NINE

TOPIC: SELF – RELIANCE

Self – reliance is to be financially and economically independent by controlling one’s talent and skills earn income.

Self – reliance to a nation means controlling and using the National resources of the nation to achieve sustenable development rather than depending solving on the countries.

A self – reliant person is not a burden to his society rather he is a problem solve. Instead of looking for jobs, he reduces employment by providing jobs for others joining the band wagons of people climbing out of the ‘hole’ recession globally. 

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ATTRIBUTES OF SELF RELIANCE

1. Uses of Initiative: individual with the ability to think of what to do for himself financially independent is self-reliant. He will not depend on other for employment
2. Use of Talents and skills: being self-reliant includes using what one has to do to get what one need one must identify one’s skills and talents and control them for profit optimum.
3. Diligence financial independence: requires hard work as you eat only what you work for this is diligence.
4. Endurance and perseverance: usually at the beginning of a venture or business thing may not be rosy initially but with time situation will change for better.

Gread industrials nations like China and Britain preserved hardstrops before and today they are great economically. 

BENEFITS OF SELF-RELIANCE

BENEFITS TO INDIVIDUAL:

1. Self – reliance has benefits to an individual to the family and to the nation.
2. It makes him to be independent if he is self-reliant he needs nobody to set a job.
3. Provides him time for his family: a self-reliant individual has power over the number of hours he works a day unlike those working for someone else. He has enough time to interact with his family.
4. Enjoy privacy: he may not disclose any information about his business to anybody.
5. Decision making is easy: he does not need to consult anybody to make decisions on his business. It makes decision making faster and easier.
6. Enjoy all his profits alone: a self employed person does not need to share his profit with anyone. He therefore puts in his heat to have more profit.
7. Daily income: a self reliant person does not need to wait for the month to end like a salary earner before meeting his needs as he makes money almost daily.
8. Ability to plan effectively: planning and formulation of business policies are always easy. It helps in smooth running of the business.

BENEFITS TO THE FAMILY

1. More time for the children: self reliant parents will have enough time for their children. This help in building a good home.
2. Improving standard of living: it help families increase their income. Therefore they will have enough to meet the basic needs of life.

BENEFITS OF THE NATION

1. It reduces the level of unemployment: owners of personal business will employ other people looking for jobs. This will go a long way in reducing unemployment.
2. Increase in economic growth and development: Self-reliance increase the role of production in the country thereby increasing the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). As people establish personal business, increase economic activities will lead to economic growth and development.
3. Increase in government revenue: tax paid or profit made by individuals business and on the salary of their employee increase government revenue. The more people are self reliant, the more revenue government generator. 
4. Reduces frustration and poverty:  joblessness has frustrated many youths like these that are able to harness their skills will not be frustrated but rather be happy as they cater for themselves and their families.
5. Reduces social vices: self reliance with diligence makes a person too busy to have time for social vices like hooligan, armed robbery, prostitution, fraud (419), since they are gainfully developed.
6. Increase in standard of living: one that has employed other people is indirectly boosting their standard of living with the salary he pays them. The employee will be able to pay house rents, eat good food and meet other needs. The employer who is self reliant earns good income to take care of himself and family meeting the basic needs conveniently. 

Assignment 

Describe the benefits of self-reliance

WEEK 10

PROCESS OF IDENTIFYING ONE’S NATURAL TALENTS

Talents are natural abilities to do things well. They are natural gifts a person is born with and are discovered by the owner.

Each person’s talent are unique and enduring. A person’s greatest room for growth is in the areas of his or her greatest strength (natural talents).

Process of discovering one’s natural talents: 

The talents of most people are hidden in plain sight, but so interwoven and can be hard to detect. However, they leave tracks and can be discovered and developed. Think about yourself you will know you pass many abilities. Things about it or without effort.

You can identify your talents by the following:

1. 1. Natural Abilities: this is things we can do naturally. One should be able to identify things one can do with ease for example some are: good of taking care of pets, other have skill to impact knowledge and others are good money manager.
2. Academic Abilities: one’s performance to various subjects, offered in school can be used to adjudge one’s talent. Some students are good at vocational subjects and others in languages.
3. By Asking people: one’s talent can be discussed by asking one’s friends, parents, teacher or other people close to us.
4. By reading books: reading gives knowledge and knowledge destroys ignorance and empowers one. Therefore, read! By so you can discover your talents and find ways of developed them.

HOW TO NURTURE ONE’S TALENTS

1. 1. Constant practice: practice tracks perfection, your motor what you do every day.

• By reading books relating to your skills: this will introduce you to higher skills in your abilities or talents.

Assignment:

1. Describe talents 
2. State three ways of developing one’s talent.

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