JSS 2 FIRST TERM LESSON NOTE SOCIAL STUDIES

SOCIAL STUDIES

CLASS:  JSS2

SUBJECT: SOCIAL STUDIES

WEEKS: TOPICS

Scheme of work

1. Revision of JSS1 work
2. General objectives of social studies
3. Abuses to which children could be subjected
4. Drug abuse definition. Type
5.  effects of drug abuse
6. Drug trafficking meaning of drug trafficking reasons types danger of drug trafficking
7. People and their environment group behaviour
8. Corruption: Definition types causes
9. Corruption II: effects on individual & community
10. Roles of different agencies of government charged with the prevention of corruption.
11. Revision of terms work 8 examination

LESSON NOTE FOR WEEK 2

TOPIC: GENERAL OBJECTIVES OF SOCIAL STUDIES

Objectives are goals an individual or group aims at to get the very best of their performance.

Some of the general objectives of social studies include the following:

1. Critical thinking:  Social studies teaches students about history and enables them understand how society has evolved. It also helps students develop an ability to think critically about societal issues and learn how to address them based on their understanding of social values.
2. Social understanding: It allows students to develop an understanding of society and the human condition.
3. Integrating ideas:  Social studies involves a number of subjects including history, geography and economics. Students learn how to integrate ideas from different disciplines to  come up with reasonable decisions so that they are better able to identify problems affecting the society.

Other objectives of social studies include:

1. Social studies educate students on becoming patriotic and responsible citizens.
2. Social studies teaches us our roles and responsibilities in the environment we find ourselves.
3. It helps us develop critical thinking abilities.
4. Social studies prepares us to participate competently and productively as a concerned citizen and teaches us to address societal and global concerns using literature technology and other identifiable community resources.

Generally, social studies educates students on citizenship, providing them with the knowledge, skills and attitude that will help them become responsible citizens.

Assignment 

• Itemize the objectives of social studies.

• Explain the general objectives of social studies.

WEEK 3

Abuses to which children could be subjected 

Meaning of sexual abuse: 

Sexual abuse is any form or sort of non-consensual sexual contact, i.e a sexual relationship without each other’s  consent. Sexual abuse can happen to men, women, teenagers and even children.

Types of sexual abuse

1. Rape
2. Incest.
3. Sexual harassment
4. Abuse.

Etc

What to do when sexually abused

1. Speak out: do not keep it to yourself when sexually abused as this would cause emotional imbalance.
2. Confide in a good counsellor particularly  the school counsellor, your parent or your spiritual guardian i.e your pastor.
3. Go for medical check up and take medical treatment if treatment is needed .

Assignment 

1. Define sexual abuse.
2. List three types of sexual abuse.
3. Mention steps that should be taken when sexually abused.

WEEK 4

Drug abuse

Drug abuse is the abnormal intake of drug or any other substances.

It can also be described as the illegal or wrong use of drugs and other

Substances

Forms of drug abuse

1. Usage of drug not prescribed by doctors
2. Using overdose of prescribed drugs
3. Intake of herd drugs like marijuana heroin, cocaine and many others
4. Frequent intake of alcohol kola-nut, coffee, analgesic tablets etc
5. Habitual, intake of drug even when it is unnecessary
6. Dependence on sleep inducing drugs

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CAUSES OF DRUG ABUSE

1. Bad company close contact with those who take Indian hemp, cocaine may negatively influence someone to start the bad hobbit habit 
2. Need to suspend psychological problems. Some feel the best way to forget their sorrow suppress, anxiety, frustration and sadness is to drink heavily, smoke cigarette or take any hard drug
3. Need to exhibit negative behaviour or face people. Some people believe that drug intake helps them to be bold enough to face difficult people and situation
4. Easy access to drugs those who have essay assess to cigarette Indian hemp and other hard drugs are susceptible to drug abuse
5. Need to keep awake: Some people go into drugs abuse because of the need to keep awake during the day or night. Students preparing for examinations are found of taking kola-nut excessively to read all though the night
6. Poverty: Those who are not financially alright prefer self medicating to visiting hospital to consult medical doctor

Effects and consequences of drug abuse

1. Mental disorder
2. Death
3. Broken home
4. Loss of jobs
5. Abnormal behaviour

Assignment

1. What do you understand by drug trafficking?
2. Give five reasons why people engage in for drug
3. List four ways of preventing drug trafficking

PRIMARY 6 THIRD TERM LESSON NOTES SOCIAL STUDIES

WEEK 5

Effects of drug abuse II

Effects of drug abuse on the family and society

1. Road accident: Many road accidents occur when individuals are drunk and are under the influence of drugs.
2. Failure in family responsibility: Drug addicts most times fail in carrying out their responsibilities in the family, especially financial responsibilities because they would have diverted all their money into buying drugs thereby neglecting their responsibilities at home 

Solution to drug abuse

Drug abuse can be prevented in the following ways

1. The school curriculum: The inclusion of the topic in primary and post primary curriculum is a good decision on part of the government it sensitizes the school children or what drug abuse is and its effects on their future
2. Family awareness: Through mass Medici parents have more information about drug abuse and its effects parents will in turn educate their children and advice them against it
3. Public enlightenment programmes a drug abuse. Government should intensify efforts at educating parents and youths about effects of drug abuse

Children in public and private schools should be visited while the adults (Parents) are reached through hand bills, posters, bill boards electronic media programme

1. Schools: school authority should from time to time educate their students on the subject of drug abuse special talk should be organized where experts are invited to educate the student.

Assignment 

1. Define drug abuse.
2. List and explain two effects of drug abuse.
3. State three solutions to drug abuse.

WEEK 6

Drug trafficking

Drug trafficking refers to the illegal act of carrying or transporting hard drugs like cocaine, heroin, Indian heir and many others within or outside the comply.

Reasons for drug trafficking 

1. Unemployment
2. Bad company
3. Poverty
4. Greed
5. Ignorance

Consequence of drug trafficking

1. Life imprisonment: Those caught and convicted will have a life jail term
2. Dents the Nations image whose citizens are known for drug trafficking are always avoided today many Nigerians face a lot of embarrassment while they travel abroad because drug barons have dented their image
3. Increase crime rate: Most of those who takes hard drugs always engage in crimes like armed robbery, organism, violence,  lusting and many others
4. Brigs shame to the family: Those caught in drug trafficking always brigs disgrace and shame to their family people in the community will of avoiding them
5. Untimely death: People who carries hard drugs by swallowing then dies suddenly

Prevention of drug trafficking

1. Educating: Children in primary and secondary schools should be expose to basic fact about drug trafficking. This removes ignorance and tendency to be hired into the act by drug barons
2. Provision of more jobs: government should initiate policy that will head to job creation
3. Property alleviation programme: the government should rigorously pursue. It poverty alleviation programme more skill acquisition centers should be established in all to call government in Nigeria so that more youth can learn skills that can earn them income legally
4. Support for law enforcement against government of should give more support to NDLEA police and other agencies fighting drug trafficking in Nigeria. More funds should be provided and necessary laws should be made to ease their job

Assignment

1. What do you understand by drug trafficking
2. List and explain three consequences of drug trafficking.
3. Mention 5 ways of preventing drug trafficking.

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WEEK 7 TOPIC: GROUP BEHAVIOR 

Meaning of group behaviour according to Wikipedia, refers to the situations where people interact in large or small groups

A group can be described as a collection of two or more individuals interdependently interacting to achieve their common goals

Reasons for walking in group

1. To reduce insecurity of working or standing alone
2. To get recognition and status in the society
3.  To enjoy feelings of self-worth 
4. To enjoy success that comes through group work or action
5. To pool talents or power layette to complete a given task.

Types of group behaviour

1.  Mass action: This refers to group sopranos actions to an incident. The members of the group takes the same action at the same time in response to an incident most of such action are against normal ways of people given juice justice to a thief cut stealing in the market instead of handling him over to the police
2. Spectators: This are group of people who gathered together to watch a life event. This could be football match drama concert etc. they are always peaceful and react the same way to what they watch for distance after the end of a march, almost everyone wants to analyze the lost goal chars and so on
3. Peaceful Demonstration of protest: This type of group behaviour accurse when people peacefully show their grievances for neglect marginalization ordinal of their right over a period of time. It could be within people of the same profession bride and strict
4. Bullying: This is very common among students in secondary schools particularly in secondary boarding schools. A group of senior students may force the junior over to donate 

Assignment 

• Define group behaviour.

• Mention three reasons for group behaviour.

• List and explain three types of group behaviour.

WEEK 8 TOPIC: CORRUPTION

Corruption simply refers to the act of using ones position for an unofficial or personal benefits or advantages.

Corruption is a major problem in Nigeria as a nation.  It exists in every facets of Nigeria society both in private and government establishment e.tc.  Corruption includes malpractice, electoral malpractice, extortion and many others.

FORMS OR TYPES OF CORRUPTION 

1. Extortion: This is an act of forcing some one or an individual to pay for a service that should be free example.  When a police officer asks for money at check-point even when a drivers vehicle papers are completed.
2. Embezzlement of funds: Embezzlement is an act of diverting money meant for official use to private or personal use e.g. if money meant for road repair is shared by the officials in charge of the contract.
3. Bribery: it is an act of inducing someone by using monetary and non-monetary means to secure favour.  Giving and taking of bribes are both punishable offences.
4. Preferential treatment: All forms of man know man arrangements are act of corruption.  This is a situation where someone gets favour, contracts or job not on the basis of qualification or merit but on the basis of friendship, tribe, and immoral relationship e.t.c.

CAUSES OF CORRUPTION

1. Poverty: Anyone from a poor family may likely engage in corrupt practices to bail himself and family out of poverty.

2. Greed: A greedy fellow does not get satisfied with what he has as a result get involved in corruption of different types.

1. Misplacement of social values 

1. Impatience
2. Lack of commitment on the part of government 
3. Poor upbringing 

Assignment 

1. Explain corruption.
2. List and explain three forms of corruption.
3. List and explain two causes of corruption.

WEEK 9

CORRUPTION II 

CONSEQUENCES OF CORRUPTION

1. It dents the nation image
2. It brings hardship on average citizens
3. It retards the economic growth 
4. It leads to poverty
5. It discourages honesty, integrity and hard work
6. It leads to unemployment 

PREVENTION OF CORRUPTION

1. Stiff punishment for corrupt leaders and officials 
2. Confiscation of poverty 
3. Introduction of civic and moral instructions.
4. Honesty, integrity and hard work should be rewarded
5. Government should give ICPC, EFCC free hand to administers justice on corrupt citizens
6. Display of wealth should be discouraged

CONSEQUENCES OF CORRUPTION ON THE NATION

1. Dents the nation’s image: Nigeria has been known to be a corrupt nation all over the world. An international organization known as Transparency International has ranked  Nigeria among the ten most corrupt countries in the world. This has so many negative implications on all Nigerians.
2. Retards economic growth: The economy cannot grow in a nation where corruption thrives.

CONSEQUENCES OF CORRUPTION ON INDIVIDUAL

• Leads  to poverty: The higher the rate of corruption, the higher the level of poverty.

• Causes hardship: Many people go through unnecessary hardship due to corrupt practices.

CONSEQUENCES OF CORRUPTION ON THE SOCIETY include

1. Increases social vices.
2. Leads to unemployment.

Assignment 

1. Mention three effects each of corruption on the nation and society
2. Mention five ways corruption can be prevented.

JSS 1 SECOND TERM SOCIAL STUDIES LESSON NOTE

WEEK 10

ROLES OF DIFFERENT GOVERNMENT AGENCIES CHARGED WITH THE PREVENTION OF CORRUPTION

Some government agencies have been set up to fight corruption. These agencies ensure that individuals involved in corruption are prosecuted.

The following agencies have been put in place by the government to eradicate corruption, they include the EFCC, ICPC, Code of Conduct Burea. These agencies have their different responsibilities.

EFCC (Economics and Financial Crime Commission)

Functions of EFCC:

1. They investigate financial crimes including fee fraud, money laundering, etc.
2. They co-ordinate and enforce all economic and financial crime laws. Etc

ICPC (Independent Corrupt Practices and other Related Offences Commission) This commission was established through the corrupt practices and  other related offences Act 2000 and was signed into law by president Olusegun Obasanjo on the 13th June 2000 and was inaugurated on the 29th September 2000.

Other functions of these agencies include; examination of declared assets made by public officers, they also keep documents and make them available to anyone who wishes to see it.

Assignment 

1. What is the full meaning of ICPC and when was it inaugurated?
2. What is the full meaning  of EFCC and mention two of their functions.

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