Agricultural Science JSS 2 First Term Lesson Notes

Agricultural science 1st term

Scheme of work

JSS TWO

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WEEK 2 AND 3

FARM STRUCTURES AND BUILDINGS 

Agricultural Science SS 1 Third Term Lesson Notes Weekly Topics

Farm Structures: They are simple erections on the farm site which make farm operations easier and more efficient. Farm structures are common agricultural structures associated with an agricultural use such as growing and harvesting crops, and raising livestock.These structures may include: 

 Barns 

 Cold storages for crops grown and raised on site 

 Riding arenas (riding academies) 

 Slaughterhouses 

 Hay or feed storage 

 Livestock shelter or shade structures 

 Feed or hay shelter structures 

 Loafing sheds 

 Poultry coop 

 Farm equipment storage

Types of Farm Structures 

Farm structures are classified according to their functions and uses.

1.Production Structures  – These are structures which facilitate production processes in the farm. Example are poultry battery cages, fish pond, shelter, rabbit hutches.

2.Structures for Shelter – They are simple farm buildings erected at different points in the farm to provide shelter for rest during heavy rain or when the intensity of the sun is too high. The sturctures are occasionally used as temporary storage.

3.Processing Structures – These are structures designed and constructed to speed up the processing of farm produce. Examples are smoking houses, shelling and hulling barns erected to accommodate processing machines such as grinding machines, feed mills and rice mills

4.Storage Structures – These are structures used for storing producebefore they are ready for sale or used as inputs in the next planting season e.g. silos, cribs, barns, rhumbus.

5.Utility Structures – These structures include well, canals, irrigations, pumping houses.6.Maintenance Structures – This include workshops for maintenance of farm tools and machineries

Farm Buildings : 

These are bigger and more elaborate erections which are designed and constructed to serve different purposes. 

Types of Farm Building and their Uses

1.Living Houses for the Farmer and Workers – These are houses which provide accommodation for the farmer and his workers. no serious farmer is expected to live outside the farm.

2.Production Houses – Buildings used for production. Examples – poultry house, hatcheries, pens.

3.Storage Houses – These are buildings used for storing farm tools, feeds, chemicals and fertilizers

4.Special Shelters – These building include milking parlour, sick bay, isolation sheds or quarantine houses, abattoir or slaughter houses 

Maintenance of Farm Structures

Farmers need to regularly check on the condition of their buildings to maintain building stability and safety.

*.Repairs should be carried out regularly once wear and tear is noticed

*.Paints should be used for wooden and metal parts of farm structures that are constantly exposed to rain

*.Preservatives should be applied to wood to protect it against insects such as termites

WEEK 4 

CULTURAL PRACTICES

Cultural practices involves all the activities carried out on the 

farm before, during and after planting of crops. They are grouped 

into: pre-planting, planting and post-planting operation. 

1. PRE-PLANTING OPERATION:

These are the operations done before 

planting. They are: 

1. Choice of site 
2. Clearing of land 
3. Stumping 
4. Ploughing 
5. Harrowing 
6. Ridging 

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WEEK 5

PLANTING OPERATION: These are activities done during planting. They are: 

1. Planting /Sowing
2. Transplanting 
3. Nursary practices 
4. Thinning 
5. Spacing 
6. Depth

WEEK 6

POST-PLANTING OPERATION: These are the activities that are done 

after planting. They are: 

1. Thining 
2. Supplying 
3. Mulching 
4. Manure or application 
5. Watering 
6. Weeding 
7. Pest and disease control 
8. Harvesting 
9. Processing 
10. Storage

WEEK 7 and 8

FARMING SYSTEM 

MIXED FARMING: is an agricultural system in which a farmer conducts different agricultural practice together, such as cash crops and livestock. The aim is to increase income through different sources and to complement land and labour demands across the year.

MONOCROPPING: is the agricultural practice of growing a

single crop year after year on the same land, in the

absence of rotation through other crops or growing

multiple crops on the same land (polyculture). Corn ,

soybeans , and wheat are three common crops often

grown using monocropping techniques.

SOLE CROPPING

Growing one crop alone or in pure stand, either as a

single crop or as a sequence of single crops within the

year.

MIXED CROPPING

Mixed cropping is a system of sowing two or three crops

together on the same land, one being the main crop and the

others the subsidiaries.

WEEK 9

FIELD WORK ………………

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