ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGES

SECOND TERM E-LEARNING NOTE

SUBJECT: ECONOMICS CLASS: SS 3

SCHEME OF WORK

WEEK FIVE

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGES

CONTENT

• MEANING AND EFFECT OF POVERTY
• METHODS OF PVERTY ELLEVIATION AND ERADICATION
• AGENCIES FOR POVERTY ALLEVIATION
• HIV/AIDS AND THE ECONOMY
• CORRUPTION AND ECONOMY
• POWER AND ENERGY INADEQUANCY

POVERTY

Poverty is often used in conjunction with material possessions that belong to people. It is defined as a lack of a material possession belonging to a person. According to the world bank, 

Poverty is defined as a situation where one’s income is below two dollars per day. 

EFFECT OF POVERTY

Poverty can lead a person to experience the following:

1. Hunger
2. Malnutrition
3. Poor health care
4. Unemployment
5. Low life expectancy
6. Domestic violence
7. Large family size
8. HIV/AIDS    

METHODS OF POVERTY ALLEVIATION

1. Applying appropriate combinations of mineral fertilizers using green manures to increase soil facilities planting fertilizer trees, returning crop residuals to the soil, using improved measures of soil erosion control and water conservation and using nitrogen fixing seeds can improve soil health which can improve farming productivities whereby providing employment opportunity so as to reduce poverty.
2. Improve water, sanitation, feeder and main roads, maternity energy sources such as kerosene for cooking, rural electrification and women empowerment by allowing them to spend less time doing basic shores such as fetching fire woods and water. Improved gender equality does a whole lot of things such as increasing women’s chances to get job which will lead to more gender equalities.
3. Nutritious school meals, farming improvement, clean water sanitation, hygiene education and nutrition education can all lead to improved nutrition. Improved nutrition will lead to improved health in general.

AGENCIES FOR POVERTY ALLEVIATION

1. NATIONAL POVERTY ERADICTAION PROGRAMME (NAPEP): The programme started in 2001 to reduce poverty in Nigeria. It was design to replace poverty alleviation programme. NAPEP’s goals include training youths in vocational traits to support internship, to support micro credits, create employment in the automobile industry.
2. DIRECTOTATE OF FOOD, ROADS AND RURAL INFRASTRUCTURAL (DFRRI), 
3. BETTER LIFE PROGRAMME
4. NATIONAL DIRECTORATE OF EMPLOYMENT
5. FAMILY SUPPORT PROGRAMME (FSP)
6. POVERTY ERADICATION PROGRAMME(PEP)
7. COMMUNITY BANK

Evalaution

1. How is poverty defined by the World Bank? A) A situation where one’s income is above two dollars per day. B) A situation where one’s income is below two dollars per day. C) A situation where one’s income is below five dollars per day. D) A situation where one’s income is above five dollars per day.
2. What are some effects of poverty on individuals? A) Good health care and high life expectancy. B) High income and low family size. C) Malnutrition and poor health care. D) Low unemployment and low life expectancy.
3. Which of the following is NOT a method of poverty alleviation? A) Using improved measures of soil erosion control and water conservation. B) Building more feeder and main roads in rural areas. C) Providing nutritious school meals and nutrition education. D) Encouraging people to buy more expensive luxury goods.
4. What is NAPEP? A) A programme to increase poverty in Nigeria. B) A programme to replace poverty alleviation programme in Nigeria. C) A programme to train people in Nigeria to become doctors. D) A programme to promote microcredits for the wealthy in Nigeria.
5. What is DFRRI? A) A programme to eradicate poverty in Nigeria. B) A programme to promote poverty in Nigeria. C) A programme to train people in Nigeria to become engineers. D) A programme to provide free food to the wealthy in Nigeria.
6. Which agency focuses on improving rural infrastructure in Nigeria? A) NAPEP B) DFRRI C) FSP D) PEP
7. Which agency focuses on creating employment opportunities in Nigeria? A) NAPEP B) DFRRI C) NDE D) PEP
8. Which programme focuses on empowering women in Nigeria? A) NAPEP B) DFRRI C) Better Life Programme D) Community Bank
9. How can improving soil health alleviate poverty? A) By providing employment opportunities. B) By increasing the number of luxury goods available. C) By decreasing the number of people living in poverty. D) By improving farming productivity.
10. How can improving nutrition alleviate poverty? A) By increasing the number of people living in poverty. B) By improving health in general. C) By decreasing the number of people who are unemployed. D) By promoting luxury goods.

HIV/AIDS AND THE NIGERIA ECONOMY

HIV/AIDS has become a major threat to the economy. The disease is more common with the youth which should form the greater percentage of the working population. Under this situation, the economy will suffer as it will lead to low productivity and slow down the growth and development of the nation.

CORRUPTION AND THE ECONOMY

Corruption is the usage of acquired power in a dishonest or illegal way to acquire wealth that belongs to a person, state or government. In Nigeria, corruption has eaten deep into the fabric of society. Money meant for development is normally carried away by few individuals in power. 

POWER AND ENERGY INADEQUANCY

The power and energy supply with particular reference to electricity is a big problem to the economic growth of a nation. Power supply to the economy for productivity is inadequate to ensure rapid economic development.

READING ASSIGNMENT 

1. Essential Economics for SSS by C E Ande page 430-445.
2. Amplified Economics for SSS by Femi Longe page 504-513

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

1. NAPEP was established in …… year A. 2000 B. 2001 C. 1960 D. 1945
2. The absence of lack of food, shelter, clothes and education is   A. stand B. poverty C. growth D. hunger.
3. Which is not an agency for poverty alleviation? A. NEPEP B. NDE C. HIV D. PEP.
4. According to United Nation, Nigeria is living below? A. 2 dollars per day B. 1 dollar per day C. 2 dollars per week D. 10 dollars per day.
5. The act of inflating the amount of a particular contract is A.  corruption B. employment C. development D. planning

THEORY

1. Define poverty
2. Discuss five causes of poverty.

GENERAL EVALUATION

1. 2008 SSCE QUESTION OBJECTIVE AND THEORY
2. 2009 SSCE QUESTION OBJECTIVE AND THEORY
3. 2010 SSCE QUESTION OBJECTIVE AND THEORY
4. 2011 SSCE QUESTION OBJEECTIVE AND THEORY
5. 2012 SSCE QUESTION OBJECTIVE AND THEORY