ECONOMIC HISTORY OF NIGERIA OIL ECONOMY (3)
SUBJECT:
HISTORY
CLASS:
BASIC 6 / GRADE 6 / PRIMARY 6
TERM:
SECOND TERM (2ND TERM)
WEEK :
WEEK 10 and 11
TOPIC :
ECONOMIC HISTORY OF NIGERIA OIL ECONOMY (3)
- By-products of crude oil
Previous Lesson :
ECONOMIC HISTORY OF NIGERIA OIL ECONOMY (2)
Learning Objectives
By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to :
- List the by-products of crude oil
- State what the by-products of crude oil are used for
- Discuss the benefits of crude oil production to Nigeria economy
- Explain the positive and negative effects of crude oil on the economy.
Learning Activities
- Pupils as individuals , list the by-products of crude oil
- Pupils are guided to list what these by-products of crude oil are used for
- Pupils in small groups explain the positive and negative effects of crude oil on Nigeria economy
Embedded Core Skills
- Critical thinking and problem solving
- Digital Literacy
- Communication and Collaboration
- Citizenship
Learning Resources
- Pictures of by-products of petroleum
- Pictures of refineries in Nigeria 🇳🇬
- Pictures of major oil companies in Nigeria like Ẹni, Total, Equinex, Addex etc
- Pictures of environment degradation caused by oil spillage and vandals
INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES:
- Identification,
- explanation,
- questions and answers,
- demonstration,
- story-telling,
- videos from source
Content
List of By-products of Crude oil
- Gasoline – This is a type of fuel that we use to power our cars.
- Diesel fuel – This is another type of fuel that powers trucks and buses.
- Kerosene – This is a type of fuel used in jet engines and lamps.
- Propane – This is a type of gas that we use for heating and cooking.
- Asphalt – This is a black, sticky substance that is used to pave roads.
- Plastic – This is a material made from crude oil that is used to make many different products, such as water bottles and toys.
- Tar – This is a sticky, black substance that is used to make roofing materials and waterproof coatings.
- Lubricating oil – This is a type of oil used to reduce friction in engines and machinery.
- Chemical fertilizers – These are chemicals made from crude oil that are used to help plants grow.
- Petrochemicals – These are chemicals made from crude oil that are used to make a wide range of products, such as paint and cleaning products.
What are these by-products of Crude oil are used for
- Gasoline – Used as fuel for cars and light-duty vehicles.
- Diesel fuel – Used as fuel for heavy-duty vehicles, such as trucks and buses.
- Kerosene – Used as fuel for jet engines, lamps, and as a cleaning agent.
- Propane – Used as a fuel for heating, cooking, and as a fuel for vehicles.
- Asphalt – Used as a material for paving roads, parking lots, and other flat surfaces.
- Plastic – Used in a wide range of products, including packaging, water bottles, toys, and clothing.
- Tar – Used as a waterproofing material for roofs and for preserving wooden structures.
- Lubricating oil – Used to reduce friction in engines and machinery and to protect metal surfaces from wear.
- Chemical fertilizers – Used to enhance plant growth and increase crop yields.
- Petrochemicals – Used as raw materials in the production of a wide range of products, including paints, adhesives, cleaning agents, and synthetic fibers.
The positive and negative effects of crude oil exploration on the Nigerian economy
Positive Effects:
- Increased government revenue – Crude oil exploration generates income for the government through taxes and royalties.
- Job creation – The oil industry provides employment opportunities for local workers in Nigeria.
- Infrastructure development – The oil industry can lead to the development of infrastructure, such as roads and ports, which can benefit the wider economy.
- Foreign investment – Crude oil exploration can attract foreign investment into Nigeria, which can boost economic growth.
Negative Effects:
- Environmental damage – Crude oil exploration can lead to oil spills and other environmental hazards, which can harm the environment and local communities.
- Dependence on a single resource – Nigeria’s economy is heavily reliant on crude oil, which can make the country vulnerable to changes in the oil market.
- Corruption – The oil industry can attract corruption and mismanagement of funds, which can hurt the wider economy.
- Displacement of local communities – Crude oil exploration can lead to the displacement of local communities and the loss of traditional livelihoods.
Example: Imagine a village near an oil rig. The oil rig provides jobs for the villagers, and the government uses the revenue generated from the oil to build a new school and a hospital in the village. However, the oil rig also causes oil spills that pollute the villagers’ drinking water and fishing grounds, which affects their health and their ability to earn a living. This illustrates both the positive and negative effects of crude oil exploration on the Nigerian economy.
Evaluation
- What is crude oil primarily used for? a. Fuel for vehicles b. Raw material for plastics c. Energy source for power plants d. All of the above
- What is the major by-product of crude oil used as fuel for heavy-duty vehicles? a. Gasoline b. Diesel fuel c. Propane d. Tar
- What is the process of extracting crude oil called? a. Drilling b. Refining c. Transportation d. Exploration
- What are the positive effects of crude oil exploration on the Nigerian economy? a. Increased government revenue b. Job creation c. Improved infrastructure d. All of the above
- What are the negative effects of crude oil exploration on the environment? a. Oil spills b. Water pollution c. Soil contamination d. All of the above
- What is the main factor that makes Nigeria’s economy vulnerable? a. Overreliance on crude oil b. Lack of foreign investment c. Low levels of job creation d. Inefficient infrastructure
- What is one of the negative effects of crude oil exploration on local communities? a. Displacement b. Improved living standards c. Access to healthcare d. Job opportunities
- What is the process of converting crude oil into usable products called? a. Drilling b. Refining c. Transportation d. Exploration
- What is the primary raw material used to make chemical fertilizers? a. Natural gas b. Crude oil c. Coal d. Renewable energy
- What are the primary sources of corruption in the oil industry? a. Mismanagement of funds b. Inefficient transportation c. Lack of government oversight d. All of the above
Summary
- Crude oil is primarily used for fuel.
- The by-product of crude oil used as fuel for heavy-duty vehicles is diesel fuel.
- The process of extracting crude oil is called drilling.
- The process of converting crude oil into usable products is called refining.
- Increased government revenue, job creation, and infrastructure development are all examples of positive effects of crude oil exploration on the Nigerian economy.
- Environmental damage, dependence on a single resource, and corruption are examples of negative effects of crude oil exploration on the Nigerian economy.
- Nigeria’s economy is heavily reliant on crude oil.
- Crude oil exploration can lead to the displacement of local communities and the loss of traditional livelihoods, which is known as displacement.
- Chemical fertilizers are made using crude oil as a raw material.
- Mismanagement of funds and lack of government oversight are examples of corruption in the oil industry.
Lesson Presentation
Introduction (5 minutes):
- Ask students what they know about crude oil.
- Show an image of crude oil and ask students what they think it is used for.
Slide 1: What is Crude Oil? (5 minutes)
- Explain that crude oil is a fossil fuel that is formed from the remains of ancient plants and animals.
- Show how crude oil is extracted from the ground through drilling.
- Discuss how crude oil is a valuable resource used for fuel and as a raw material for making various products.
Slide 2: By-products of Crude Oil (5 minutes)
- Explain that crude oil is processed into various by-products such as gasoline, diesel fuel, and propane.
- Discuss how these by-products are used in our daily lives, such as for fueling vehicles, heating homes, and cooking food.
Slide 3: The Positive and Negative Effects of Crude Oil Exploration on the Nigerian Economy (10 minutes)
- Explain that crude oil is a major source of revenue for Nigeria, but also has negative effects on the environment and local communities.
- Discuss the positive effects such as increased government revenue, job creation, and infrastructure development.
- Discuss the negative effects such as environmental damage, dependence on a single resource, and corruption.
Slide 4: Quiz (10 minutes)
- Review the key points from the presentation with a short quiz.
- Ask students to work in pairs to complete the quiz.
Conclusion (5 minutes):
- Summarize the key points from the presentation.
- Encourage students to think critically about the role of crude oil in our lives and its impact on the environment and local communities.
- Ask students to share their thoughts and opinions on crude oil exploration.
Assessment:
- Observe students during the presentation to assess their understanding and engagement.
- Review students’ answers to the quiz to assess their comprehension of the material.
Extension:
- Encourage students to do further research on crude oil and its impact on the environment and local communities.
- Have students create a poster or write a short essay on the topic to demonstrate their understanding.
Weekly Assessment / Test
- Crude oil is primarily used for __________.
- The by-product of crude oil used as fuel for heavy-duty vehicles is __________.
- The process of extracting crude oil is called __________.
- The process of converting crude oil into usable products is called __________.
- Increased government revenue, job creation, and infrastructure development are all examples of __________ effects of crude oil exploration on the Nigerian economy.
- Environmental damage, dependence on a single resource, and corruption are examples of __________ effects of crude oil exploration on the Nigerian economy.
- Nigeria’s economy is heavily reliant on __________.
- Crude oil exploration can lead to the displacement of local communities and the loss of traditional livelihoods, which is known as __________.
- Chemical fertilizers are made using __________ as a raw material.
- Mismanagement of funds and lack of government oversight are examples of __________ in the oil industry.