Communicable Diseases Physical and Health Education JSS 3 First Term Lesson Notes Week 5

Physical and Health Education JSS 3 First Term Lesson Notes Week 5

Subject: Physical and Health Education

Class: Primary 3

Term: First Term

Week: 5

Age: 13 years

Topic: Communicable Diseases

Subtopics:

1. Definition of Communicable Disease
2. Nature of Diseases (e.g., Measles, Mumps, Pneumonia, Malaria)
3. Mode of Transmission
4. Factors and Causative Agents

Duration: 40 minutes

Behavioural Objectives

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. Define communicable diseases.
2. Identify different communicable diseases.
3. Explain how diseases are transmitted.
4. Recognize factors that contribute to the spread of diseases.

Keywords:

• Communicable Disease
• Transmission
• Infection
• Prevention
• Causative Agents

Set Induction (5 minutes)

The teacher asks, “What happens when someone gets sick?” This question leads to a discussion about diseases and how they spread, capturing students’ interest.

Entry Behaviour

Students have some understanding of being sick and may know a few diseases but need more details about communicable diseases.

Learning Resources and Materials:

1. Pictures of diseases and affected people
2. Charts showing transmission methods
3. Video clips about disease prevention

Building Background / Connection to Prior Knowledge

The teacher links this lesson to prior knowledge about general health and hygiene, emphasizing the importance of preventing sickness.

Embedded Core Skills:

• Critical thinking (analyzing how diseases spread)
• Communication (discussing diseases)
• Awareness of personal health

Reference Books:

• Lagos State Scheme of Work for Physical and Health Education
• Approved PHE Textbooks for jss 3

Instructional Materials:

1. Visual aids (posters and charts)
2. Whiteboard and markers for definitions
3. Videos for better understanding

Content

1. Definition of Communicable Disease

• Communicable diseases are illnesses that can be spread from one person to another.
• They are caused by pathogens like bacteria, viruses, and parasites.

2. Nature of Diseases

• Measles: A viral infection causing rash, fever, and cough.
• Mumps: A viral disease causing swelling of the salivary glands.
• Pneumonia: A lung infection caused by bacteria or viruses, leading to cough and difficulty breathing.
• Malaria: A disease caused by parasites spread through mosquito bites, causing fever and chills.

3. Mode of Transmission

• Direct Contact: Touching an infected person.
• Airborne: Breathing in droplets from coughs or sneezes.
• Vectors: Insects, like mosquitoes, that spread diseases.
• Contaminated Objects: Sharing items like utensils or toys with infected individuals.

4. Factors and Causative Agents

• Causative Agents: Microorganisms like bacteria (e.g., Streptococcus) and viruses (e.g., Influenza).
• Factors: Poor hygiene, overcrowding, lack of vaccination, and weak immune systems can increase disease spread.

Fill-in-the-Blank Questions

1. __________ diseases can be spread from one person to another.
   a) Communicable
   b) Non-communicable
   c) Chronic
2. Measles is caused by a __________.
   a) Bacteria
   b) Virus
   c) Fungus
3. __________ is a disease spread by mosquitoes.
   a) Measles
   b) Malaria
   c) Mumps
4. Direct contact with an infected person can lead to __________.
   a) Recovery
   b) Infection
   c) Wellness
5. Pneumonia affects the __________.
   a) Heart
   b) Lungs
   c) Skin
6. __________ is a common symptom of mumps.
   a) Swelling
   b) Itching
   c) Coughing
7. Poor __________ can lead to the spread of communicable diseases.
   a) Hygiene
   b) Diet
   c) Exercise
8. The __________ is the microorganism that causes disease.
   a) Causative agent
   b) Prevention method
   c) Treatment
9. Airborne diseases spread through __________.
   a) Water
   b) Air
   c) Food
10. Vaccination helps prevent __________ diseases.
    a) Communicable
    b) Genetic
    c) Chronic
11. Mumps can cause swelling of the __________ glands.
    a) Salivary
    b) Sweat
    c) Tear
12. __________ is an infection that affects breathing.
    a) Pneumonia
    b) Malaria
    c) Measles
13. Insects can act as __________ for some diseases.
    a) Vectors
    b) Antibodies
    c) Carriers
14. Coughing and sneezing can spread __________ diseases.
    a) Non-communicable
    b) Communicable
    c) Seasonal
15. Maintaining good __________ helps prevent disease spread.
    a) Behavior
    b) Hygiene
    c) Environment

Class Activity Discussion

1. Q: What is a communicable disease?
   A: It is a disease that can spread from one person to another.
2. Q: How do you catch measles?
   A: By being in contact with someone who has it or breathing in droplets.
3. Q: What causes malaria?
   A: It is caused by parasites spread through mosquito bites.
4. Q: How can pneumonia be treated?
   A: With antibiotics if it is caused by bacteria.
5. Q: Why should we wash our hands?
   A: To prevent the spread of germs and diseases.
6. Q: Can you get vaccinated against these diseases?
   A: Yes, vaccines can help prevent many communicable diseases.
7. Q: What are vectors?
   A: They are insects or animals that spread diseases, like mosquitoes.
8. Q: How does poor hygiene affect disease spread?
   A: It increases the chance of germs spreading between people.
9. Q: What are the symptoms of mumps?
   A: Swelling of the salivary glands and fever.
10. Q: How does a cough spread disease?
    A: By releasing droplets into the air that others can breathe in.
11. Q: What can we do to stay healthy?
    A: Wash hands, get vaccinated, and maintain cleanliness.
12. Q: How does a virus spread?
    A: Through direct contact or the air when someone coughs or sneezes.
13. Q: What is the role of hygiene in health?
    A: It helps prevent infections and keeps people healthy.
14. Q: Why are some diseases more common in crowded places?
    A: Because germs can spread more easily when people are close together.
15. Q: What should you do if you feel sick?
    A: Tell a teacher or parent and get medical help.

Presentation Steps

Step 1: The teacher revises the previous topic, which was about sports and health.
Step 2: The teacher introduces the new topic on communicable diseases.
Step 3: The teacher allows the pupils to give their own contributions and corrects them where necessary.

Teacher’s Activities

1. Defines communicable diseases.
2. Discusses examples of diseases and their transmission.
3. Engages students with questions and visual aids.

Learners’ Activities

1. Participate in discussions about diseases.
2. Answer questions during the lesson.
3. Take notes and draw relevant diagrams.

Assessment

The teacher evaluates understanding through questions and class participation, observing students during discussions.

Evaluation Questions

1. What is a communicable disease?
2. Name two examples of communicable diseases.
3. How does malaria spread?
4. Why is handwashing important?
5. What symptoms are common with measles?
6. How can pneumonia be treated?
7. What role do vectors play in diseases?
8. Why is hygiene important in preventing diseases?
9. What are the common modes of transmission?
10. What should you do if you feel unwell?

Conclusion

The teacher goes around to mark students’ notes and provides feedback on their understanding of communicable diseases.