Forms and Branches of Agriculture (Crops) Agricultural Science JSS 1 First Term Lesson Notes Week 4

Lesson Plan Presentation

Subject: Agricultural Science
Class: JSS 1
Term: First Term
Week: 4
Age: 11-12 years
Topic: Forms of Agriculture
Sub-topic: Types of Agricultural Practices in Localities (Pastoral, Arable, etc.)

Duration: 40 minutes

Behavioral Objectives

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. Define the different forms of agriculture.
2. Identify and explain the types of agricultural practices common in various localities.
3. Differentiate between pastoral and arable farming.

Keywords: Agriculture, Pastoral, Arable, Farming, Practices

Set Induction

The teacher shows pictures of different farming activities, such as cattle herding and crop cultivation, and asks students to guess the types of farming in the pictures.

Entry Behavior
Students know that farming involves growing crops and raising animals.

Learning Resources and Materials

1. Pictures of pastoral farming (cattle rearing, sheep herding).
2. Pictures of arable farming (crop cultivation like maize, yam).
3. Charts showing different forms of agriculture practiced in Nigeria.

Building Background/Connection to Prior Knowledge
Students are familiar with basic farming activities like growing food crops or raising animals. They have also learned about the importance of agriculture to the nation’s economy. This lesson will explore the different forms of agriculture practiced in various areas.

Embedded Core Skills

1. Critical thinking
2. Communication
3. Collaboration

Reference Books
Lagos State Scheme of Work for JSS 1 Agricultural Science.

Instructional Materials

1. Diagrams of different farming systems (pastoral, arable, mixed farming).
2. Infographics comparing farming practices across various regions.

Content

1. Pastoral Farming
   • Involves the rearing of animals like cattle, sheep, and goats.
   • Common in areas where grasslands are abundant (e.g., Northern Nigeria).
   • Example: Fulani herders rear cattle.
2. Arable Farming
   • Involves the cultivation of crops such as maize, rice, and yam.
   • Common in regions with fertile soil and a good climate for growing crops.
   • Example: Farmers in the South grow crops like cassava and yam.
3. Mixed Farming
   • Combines both crop cultivation and animal rearing on the same farm.
   • This system is practiced to maximize farm productivity.
   • Example: A farmer growing maize and keeping chickens on the same land.
4. Subsistence Farming
   • Farmers grow crops and rear animals to feed their families.
   • Little or no surplus is sold; it is mainly for home consumption.
   • Example: Many rural farmers in Nigeria practice subsistence farming.
5. Commercial Farming
   • Large-scale farming focused on producing crops and animals for sale.
   • Common in areas with large farms and advanced farming equipment.
   • Example: Large farms in the Middle Belt region growing crops for export.

Evaluation (Fill-in-the-blank Questions with options)

1. The rearing of animals like cattle is called _____.
   a) arable farming
   b) pastoral farming
   c) mixed farming
   d) subsistence farming
2. _____ farming involves growing crops such as maize and yam.
   a) Pastoral
   b) Arable
   c) Commercial
   d) Mixed
3. Farmers that grow crops and rear animals on the same farm practice _____.
   a) mixed farming
   b) commercial farming
   c) subsistence farming
   d) pastoral farming
4. Farming done to produce food for family consumption is called _____.
   a) arable farming
   b) commercial farming
   c) subsistence farming
   d) mixed farming
5. Large-scale farming for the purpose of selling products is known as _____.
   a) subsistence farming
   b) arable farming
   c) commercial farming
   d) pastoral farming
6. Fulani herders in Nigeria practice _____.
   a) arable farming
   b) pastoral farming
   c) subsistence farming
   d) commercial farming
7. Farmers who grow cassava and keep chickens on the same farm practice _____.
   a) pastoral farming
   b) mixed farming
   c) arable farming
   d) subsistence farming
8. The system of farming that combines crops and animals is called _____.
   a) mixed farming
   b) arable farming
   c) commercial farming
   d) subsistence farming
9. Large farms in Nigeria that export crops practice _____.
   a) arable farming
   b) commercial farming
   c) pastoral farming
   d) subsistence farming
10. Crops like maize, rice, and yam are grown through _____.
    a) pastoral farming
    b) arable farming
    c) mixed farming
    d) subsistence farming

Class Activity Discussion (FAQs)

1. What is pastoral farming?
   It is the rearing of animals like cattle, goats, and sheep.
2. What is arable farming?
   It involves the cultivation of crops like maize, yam, and cassava.
3. What is mixed farming?
   It is a type of farming where crops are grown and animals are reared on the same land.
4. What is the difference between subsistence and commercial farming?
   Subsistence farming is done to produce food for the farmer’s family, while commercial farming is done to produce goods for sale.
5. Where is pastoral farming common?
   It is common in areas with grasslands, like Northern Nigeria.
6. What crops are commonly grown in arable farming?
   Crops like maize, yam, and cassava are commonly grown.
7. What is the purpose of commercial farming?
   It is to produce crops or animals for sale, often on a large scale.
8. How is mixed farming beneficial?
   It allows farmers to maximize the productivity of their land by growing crops and raising animals at the same time.
9. What type of farming do many rural farmers in Nigeria practice?
   Many rural farmers practice subsistence farming.
10. Why is commercial farming important?
    It provides food and products for sale and export, contributing to the economy.

Presentation

• Step 1: The teacher revises the previous topic on the “Importance of Agriculture to the Nation’s Economy.”
• Step 2: The teacher introduces the new topic: “Today, we will learn about the different forms of agriculture practiced in our localities.”
• Step 3: The teacher asks students to share examples of the farming practices they are familiar with, and then corrects and explains the differences between pastoral, arable, and mixed farming.

Teacher’s Activities

• Explain the different forms of agriculture practiced in Nigeria.
• Use diagrams and pictures to illustrate pastoral, arable, and mixed farming.
• Guide students in identifying the types of farming practiced in their own communities.

Learners’ Activities

• Participate by answering questions and giving examples of farming practices in their local areas.
• Observe and analyze the pictures and charts showing different farming methods.
• Discuss the differences between arable, pastoral, and mixed farming.

Assessment

1. What is the main activity in pastoral farming?
2. How does mixed farming differ from arable farming?
3. What type of farming is done to feed the farmer’s family?
4. Mention two crops grown in arable farming.
5. Why is commercial farming important to the economy?

Evaluation Questions

1. Define pastoral farming.
2. What type of farming is used to grow crops?
3. Explain mixed farming.
4. What is subsistence farming?
5. Where is pastoral farming commonly practiced?
6. Mention one crop grown in arable farming.
7. How does mixed farming help farmers?
8. What type of farming produces goods for sale?
9. What is the difference between subsistence and commercial farming?
10. How does commercial farming benefit the nation?

Conclusion

The teacher goes around to check students’ work, provides corrections where necessary, and reinforces the understanding of the different forms of agriculture.

More Useful Links

• Forms and Branches of Agriculture (Livestock) Agricultural Science JSS 1 First Term Lesson Notes Week 5
• Forms of Agriculture: Fishery, Heliculture, Apiculture Agricultural Science JSS 1 First Term Lesson Notes Week 6
• Exploring the Parts of a Plant: Roots, Stems, Leaves, and Flowers Agricultural Science JSS 1 First Term Lesson Notes Week 7