ANIMAL NUTRITION

Subject:

Agricultural Science

Class:

SS 2

Term:

THIRD Term / 3RD Term

Week:

Week 9

Topic:

ANIMAL NUTRITION 

Previous Knowledge: The pupils have previous knowledge of

  DEFINITION OF SOME ACCOUNTING TERMS IN AGRICULTURE

that was taught in their previous lesson.

Behavioural  Objectives : At the end of the lesson, learners will be able to

• Define Animal Nutrition
• Give the classification of livestock feeds
• Say the importance of Food Nutrients of livestock
• What is animal nutrition
• State the classes of animal feed

   

Instructional Materials 

• Wall charts
• Online Resource
• Textbooks
• Laptop
• Crop samples
• Pictures that are related to the subject matter
• Flash cards
• www.edudelighttutors.com

Methods of Teaching 

• Role modelling
• Questions and Answers
• Explanation
• Discussion
• Recitation
• Imitation
• Story Telling
• Dramatization

WEEK NINE 

TOPIC: ANIMAL NUTRITION

CONTENT

• Meaning of Animal Nutrition
• Classification of livestock feeds
• Food Nutrients of livestock

MEANING OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

Animal nutrition is the process by which an animal obtains nutrient necessary for its healthy growth and development.

IMPORTANCE OF ANIMAL FEEDS

1. Animal feeds are needed for growth 
2. Useful for repair or worn out tissue
3. It provides energy
4. It is useful for the general well-being of the animal.
5. It aids animal’s resistance to diseases.
6. It influences maturity in animals.
7. It aids optimal production in animals.

DEFINITION OF FEED

Feed refers to the food given to animals. They contain nutrient element either alone or in combination with other substances which supports the healthy growth and development of livestock.

CLASSIFICATION  OF LIVESTOCK FEEDS

Animal feeds can be classified into four main groups according to the digestibility, quantity of fibre, quantity required and moisture in the feed. The four groups of feeds are;

1. Concentrates: They are fee with a low proportion of fibre and water content. They are easily digested by farm animals. Concentrates can be further be subdivided into two groups: Those containing a high proportion of carbohydrates are called carbohydrate concentrates/basal feed/energy feed e.g maize, guinea corn, cassava e.t.c while those with a high proportion of proteins are called protein concentrates e.g beans, peas, cotton seed, sunflower seeds and heads, groundnuts, palm kernel and animal products such as meat, blood meal, bone meal, fishmeal and milk.
2. Roughages: Roughages are very low in protein and carbohydrate but high in fibre. They are not easily digested by animals, therefore are fed together with concentrate foods for young animals and those kept for milk and meat production. Examples are hay, groundnut hulls, straw, bean pods and maize stover.
3. Succulents: These have high water content. They are easy to digest. Examples are freshly cut/lush grass and legume plants (soilage), pumpkin, silage, melons and most green crops.
4. Supplements (minerals and vitamins): they are required in small quantities, low in energy, protein and fibre but high in vitamins and minerals. They aid digestion and increase animals resistance to diseases. They are available in basal and protein concentrate feeds. Other sources are bone meal, oyster shell, salt licks etc. 

Basal/Energy Feed or Carbohydrates  Concentrates

Characteristics

1. They are fed with crude fibre content less than 18%
2. They are high in energy and starchy food e.g. maize and cassava
3. It is high in carbohydrates or fats
4. It is low in proteins
5. Low in fibre
6. It is highly digestible
7. It is low in minerals

Protein Concentrate

Characteristics

1. They crude fibre content is less than18%
2. Protein concentrate is high in protein
3. They are low in carbohydrates and fats
4. They are low in fibre
5. They are highly digestible
6. They are low in minerals

Mineral and Vitamin Supplements

Characteristics

1. They are required in small quantities in feeds
2. They supplement basal and protein concentrates
3. They are low in energy
4. Low in protein
5. Low in fibre
6. High is vitamin and minerals
7. Necessary for growth and development
8. They aid food digestion
9. They aid resistance to diseases

Roughages

Characteristics 

1. They are feeds which contain crude fibre that is greater than 18%
2. They are high in fibre
3. They are low in digestible carbohydrates
4. They are low in protein
5. They have poor or low digestibility
6. Pasture grasses and legumes form roughages 
7. Roughages exist in different forms which are; hay, straw, soilage and salvage.

Hay: It refer to the aerial part of a young and succulent grass or herbage cut and dried for feeding animals

Straw: This is the aerial part of grass or harvested crops cut and store for future use. They are difficult to digest. Both hay and straw are called dry roughages 

Soilage: This refer to the process of cutting fresh or succulent grass or legumes from the field and taking them to the animals in their pens. It is also called zero grazing

Silage: This refers to the preservation of green and succulent forage crops under anaerobic conditions .

Presentation : 

The topic is presented step by step

Step 1: The class teacher revises the old topic

Step 2: The class teacher introduces the new topic

Step 3: The class teacher allows the pupils to give their own contributions and gives room for pupils” participation

Class Teacher and Pupils Activities. Interaction or Participation 

This involves class teacher and pupils’ interaction, conversation, imitation or modeling through discussion, play method or just by recitation or asking and answering questions that are related to the topic that has just been taught.

EVALUATION 

1. What is animal nutrition?
2. State the classes of animal feed

Conclusion : 

The class teacher concludes the lesson by giving the pupils some notes on the topic that has just been taught. He goes round to mark and he does the necessary corrections.