Mastering Active and Passive Voice for JSS 2 Students English Grammar JSS 2 First Term Lesson Notes Week 3

Lesson Plan: More on Active Voice and Passive Voice

Subject: English Grammar
Class: JSS 2
Term: First Term
Week: 3
Age: 12-13 years
Topic: More on Active Voice and Passive Voice
Sub-topic: Identifying, Understanding, and Using Active and Passive Voice
Duration: 40 minutes

Behavioral Objectives:
By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. Define active and passive voice.
2. Identify sentences written in active and passive voice.
3. Convert sentences from active voice to passive voice and vice versa.
4. Use active and passive voice appropriately in writing.

Keywords: Active voice, Passive voice, Subject, Object, Verb
Set Induction: Begin the lesson with two simple sentences written on the board—one in active voice and one in passive voice. Ask the students to compare the sentences and discuss what they observe.

Entry Behavior: Students have basic knowledge of sentence structure and verb tenses from previous lessons.

Learning Resources and Materials:

1. Whiteboard and markers
2. Flashcards with sentences
3. Example sentences on chart papers
4. Textbooks

Building Background/Connection to Prior Knowledge:
Discuss the concept of subject-verb-object structure from previous lessons to introduce how the subject and object roles change between active and passive voice.

Embedded Core Skills:

• Critical thinking
• Communication
• Literacy

Learning Materials:

• Flashcards
• Example sentences from students’ textbooks
• Writing materials

Reference Books:

• English Grammar Textbook for JSS 2
• Lagos State Scheme of Work

Instructional Materials:

• Flashcards with example sentences
• Sentence examples on chart papers

Content (with Examples)

Active Voice: The subject of the sentence performs the action.
Example: “The teacher teaches the students.”
Here, “the teacher” (subject) performs the action “teaches” on “the students” (object).

Passive Voice: The subject of the sentence receives the action.
Example: “The students are taught by the teacher.”
Here, “the students” (subject) receive the action “are taught” by “the teacher” (agent).

How to Form Passive Voice:

1. Identify the object of the active sentence.
2. Move the object to the subject position.
3. Use the appropriate form of “to be” + past participle of the verb.
4. Add “by” + the original subject (optional).

Examples in Sentences

1. Active Voice: The chef cooked the meal.
   • Passive Voice: The meal was cooked by the chef.
2. Active Voice: The artist painted a picture.
   • Passive Voice: A picture was painted by the artist.
3. Active Voice: The dog chased the cat.
   • Passive Voice: The cat was chased by the dog.

Evaluation Questions

1. The cake _______ (a. is baked, b. was baked, c. baked, d. baking) by the baker.
2. The story _______ (a. was told, b. is told, c. tells, d. telling) by my grandmother.
3. The letter _______ (a. was written, b. is writing, c. wrote, d. writing) by John.
4. The song _______ (a. is singing, b. was sung, c. sung, d. sings) by the choir.
5. The house _______ (a. built, b. was built, c. is building, d. builds) by the workers.
6. The car _______ (a. was washed, b. is washed, c. washes, d. wash) by Peter.
7. The homework _______ (a. is done, b. was done, c. does, d. doing) by the students.
8. The ball _______ (a. was kicked, b. is kicking, c. kicked, d. kicks) by the player.
9. The letter _______ (a. is delivered, b. was delivered, c. delivers, d. delivering) yesterday.
10. The movie _______ (a. watched, b. is watched, c. was watched, d. watching) by the children.
11. The door _______ (a. was opened, b. is opened, c. opens, d. opening) by her.
12. The book _______ (a. reads, b. was read, c. is read, d. reading) by the class.
13. The chair _______ (a. is broken, b. broke, c. was broken, d. breaking) by him.
14. The food _______ (a. is eaten, b. ate, c. was eaten, d. eating) by them.
15. The table _______ (a. set, b. was set, c. is set, d. setting) by Mary.

Class Activity Discussion

1. What is the active voice?
   Active voice is when the subject of the sentence performs the action.
2. Give an example of a sentence in the active voice.
   Example: The boy kicked the ball.
3. What is the passive voice?
   Passive voice is when the subject of the sentence receives the action.
4. Give an example of a sentence in the passive voice.
   Example: The ball was kicked by the boy.
5. How do you change a sentence from active to passive voice?
   Move the object to the subject position and add “to be” + past participle of the verb.
6. Is the sentence “The book is read by her” in active or passive voice?
   It is in passive voice.
7. What changes occur when converting an active sentence to a passive one?
   The object becomes the subject, and the verb changes to a form of “to be” + past participle.
8. Can all sentences be changed from active to passive voice?
   No, only transitive verbs (those with direct objects) can be converted.
9. Which voice is used in the sentence: “The homework was done by the students”?
   Passive voice.
10. Why might a writer choose to use passive voice?
    To emphasize the action or the receiver of the action rather than the doer.
11. How can you recognize a sentence in passive voice?
    Look for a form of “to be” + past participle and the agent introduced by “by”.
12. What is the subject in the sentence: “The cake was baked by the baker”?
    The subject is “The cake”.
13. Convert the sentence “The dog chased the cat” to passive voice.
    The cat was chased by the dog.
14. Is passive voice more common in spoken or written language?
    Passive voice is more common in written language, especially in formal contexts.
15. Give a sentence that cannot be converted to passive voice.
    He sleeps. (No direct object, so it cannot be made passive.)

Presentation Steps

1. Step 1: Revising the Previous Topic
   • Review transitive and intransitive verbs to ensure students understand how verbs interact with objects.
2. Step 2: Introducing the New Topic
   • Introduce the concepts of active and passive voice with examples on the board, showing the structure of each.
3. Step 3: Allowing Pupils to Contribute and Correcting Them as Necessary
   • Have students work in pairs or small groups to convert given sentences from active to passive voice and vice versa. They will then share their work with the class for discussion and correction.

Teacher’s Activities

• Explain and demonstrate how to identify and change sentences from active to passive voice.
• Provide practice sentences and guide students through the process of conversion.
• Offer corrective feedback during group activities.

Learners’ Activities

• Participate in identifying active and passive voice in sentences.
• Work in groups to convert sentences and share their answers.
• Ask questions for clarification and practice sentence conversion.

Assessment

• Provide students with sentences in active voice and ask them to convert them to passive voice.
• Review their work and offer feedback.

10 Evaluation Questions

1. Define active voice.
2. What is passive voice?
3. Convert the sentence “She reads the book” to passive voice.
4. Write a sentence in active voice using the verb “teach”.
5. Convert the sentence “The ball was thrown by John” to active voice.
6. Why is passive voice used in writing?
7. Identify the subject in the sentence: “The letter was written by the student.”
8. Can the sentence “He sleeps” be converted to passive voice? Why or why not?
9. Convert the sentence “The song was sung by the choir” to active voice.
10. What is the object in the sentence: “The teacher gave the lesson”?

Conclusion

• Summarize the differences between active and passive voice, emphasizing when and why each might be used.
• Mark students’ sentences, provide feedback, and assign additional practice as needed.