Mastering Tenses: Past, Present, and Future in English Grammar English Grammar JSS 2 First Term Lesson Notes Week 4

Lesson Plan: More on Tenses (Present, Past, and Future)

Subject: English Grammar
Class: JSS 2
Term: First Term
Week: 4
Age: 12-13 years
Topic: More on Tenses (Present, Past, and Future)
Sub-topic: Understanding and Using Present, Past, and Future Tenses
Duration: 40 minutes

Behavioral Objectives:
By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. Define present, past, and future tenses.
2. Identify sentences written in present, past, and future tenses.
3. Conjugate verbs in the present, past, and future tenses.
4. Use the correct tense in sentences when writing or speaking.

Keywords: Tenses, Present tense, Past tense, Future tense, Verb conjugation
Set Induction: Begin the lesson by asking students to share what they did yesterday, what they are doing today, and what they plan to do tomorrow. Write their responses on the board to introduce the concepts of past, present, and future tenses.

Entry Behavior: Students have a basic understanding of verb forms and simple sentence structures from previous lessons.

Learning Resources and Materials:

1. Whiteboard and markers
2. Flashcards with verbs
3. Examples of sentences in different tenses
4. Textbooks

Building Background/Connection to Prior Knowledge:
Discuss the concept of time and how verbs change according to the time of action (past, present, or future) to connect to prior knowledge.

Embedded Core Skills:

• Critical thinking
• Communication
• Literacy

Learning Materials:

• Flashcards with verbs
• Sentence examples from students’ textbooks
• Writing materials

Reference Books:

• English Grammar Textbook for JSS 2
• Lagos State Scheme of Work

Instructional Materials:

• Flashcards with verb conjugations
• Sentence examples on chart papers

Content (with Examples)

Present Tense:

• Describes actions happening now or regularly.
  Examples: “She writes a letter.” “They go to school every day.”

Past Tense:

• Describes actions that happened before now.
  Examples: “She wrote a letter.” “They went to school yesterday.”

Future Tense:

• Describes actions that will happen later.
  Examples: “She will write a letter.” “They will go to school tomorrow.”

Verb Conjugation Examples

1. Present Tense:
   • Simple Present: He eats.
   • Present Continuous: He is eating.
   • Present Perfect: He has eaten.
2. Past Tense:
   • Simple Past: He ate.
   • Past Continuous: He was eating.
   • Past Perfect: He had eaten.
3. Future Tense:
   • Simple Future: He will eat.
   • Future Continuous: He will be eating.
   • Future Perfect: He will have eaten.

Evaluation Questions

1. She _______ (a. writes, b. wrote, c. will write, d. writing) a letter every day.
2. They _______ (a. went, b. go, c. going, d. will go) to the park tomorrow.
3. He _______ (a. eats, b. ate, c. will eat, d. eating) his lunch now.
4. We _______ (a. play, b. played, c. will play, d. playing) soccer yesterday.
5. She _______ (a. will watch, b. watches, c. watched, d. watching) TV tonight.
6. The dog _______ (a. barks, b. barked, c. will bark, d. barking) loudly every night.
7. They _______ (a. were dancing, b. are dancing, c. will dance, d. dance) at the moment.
8. He _______ (a. will travel, b. travels, c. traveled, d. travelling) to Abuja next week.
9. She _______ (a. will bake, b. baked, c. bakes, d. baking) a cake yesterday.
10. They _______ (a. are eating, b. were eating, c. eat, d. eating) dinner right now.
11. He _______ (a. studied, b. studies, c. will study, d. studying) for his exam yesterday.
12. She _______ (a. sings, b. sang, c. will sing, d. singing) beautifully at the concert last night.
13. We _______ (a. will visit, b. visited, c. visit, d. visiting) the museum tomorrow.
14. They _______ (a. will swim, b. swim, c. swam, d. swimming) in the pool every day.
15. He _______ (a. was cooking, b. cooks, c. will cook, d. cooking) dinner when I arrived.

Class Activity Discussion

1. What is the present tense?
   The present tense describes actions happening now or regularly.
2. Give an example of a sentence in the present tense.
   Example: She writes a letter.
3. What is the past tense?
   The past tense describes actions that happened before now.
4. Give an example of a sentence in the past tense.
   Example: She wrote a letter.
5. What is the future tense?
   The future tense describes actions that will happen later.
6. Give an example of a sentence in the future tense.
   Example: She will write a letter.
7. How do you form the past tense of regular verbs?
   Add -ed to the base form of the verb (e.g., walk → walked).
8. What is the difference between “He is eating” and “He eats”?
   “He is eating” is present continuous (happening now), while “He eats” is simple present (happens regularly).
9. How do you form the future tense?
   Use “will” + base form of the verb (e.g., will go).
10. What is the present continuous tense?
    It describes an action that is happening right now (e.g., He is reading).
11. What is the past perfect tense?
    It describes an action that was completed before another action in the past (e.g., He had finished).
12. Can you give an example of a future perfect tense?
    Example: She will have finished the book by tomorrow.
13. How do you form the present perfect tense?
    Use “has/have” + past participle of the verb (e.g., has eaten).
14. What is the past continuous tense?
    It describes an action that was happening at a specific time in the past (e.g., He was studying).
15. How do you decide which tense to use in a sentence?
    Choose the tense based on when the action takes place (past, present, or future).

Presentation Steps

1. Step 1: Revising the Previous Topic
   • Review active and passive voice by discussing examples where tense plays a role in verb conjugation.
2. Step 2: Introducing the New Topic
   • Introduce the different tenses by explaining how time affects verb forms and sentence meaning, with examples for each tense.
3. Step 3: Allowing Pupils to Contribute and Correcting Them as Necessary
   • Have students work in pairs or small groups to identify the tense of given sentences and conjugate verbs into different tenses. Then, they will share their answers with the class for discussion and correction.

Teacher’s Activities

• Explain the concept of tenses and demonstrate how verbs change with time.
• Provide practice sentences and guide students through the process of identifying and conjugating verbs in different tenses.
• Offer corrective feedback during group activities.
• Tenses are used to indicate or point out the time of actions in sentencesIn order words there are three basic time frames or tenses in English grammatical which are

  1. Present tense

  2. Past tense

  3. Future Tense

  These three main division of Tenses can further be grouped in

  a) simple

  b) Progressive

  c) perfect

  d) perfect progressive

  Today we shall limit the scope of teaching to Simple Tense in the four major categories

  1. Simple Present Tense : This tense is used to express habitual actions that are done regularly, always often, everyday or
  occasionally.
  The third person Singular pronouns subject of these verbs always go with either (s) or (es) as the case may be.

  Samples of Sentences in Simple Present Tense

  1. I do my homework everyday
  2. He does his homework everyday
  3. She does her homework everyday
  4. You do your homework everyday
  5. We do our homework everyday
  6. They do their homework everyday
  7. Olu does his homework everyday
  8. James and John do their homework everyday

  Class work

  Fill the gap with the correct verb form

  1. I…….. my hands with water everyday (wash, washes, washed,)

  2. We………. to church every Sunday (gies, go went, goeth)

  3. She…….. not understand simple instructions (do, dies, does, doesn’t)

  4. We………. to God everyday (prays, prayed, prayer, go pray)

Learners’ Activities

• Participate in identifying the tense of sentences.
• Work in groups to practice verb conjugation and share their work with the class.
• Ask questions for clarification and practice using different tenses.

Assessment

• Provide students with sentences in various tenses and ask them to identify and conjugate the verbs appropriately.
• Review their work and offer feedback.

10 Evaluation Questions

1. Define present tense.
2. What is past tense?
3. Write a sentence in the future tense.
4. Conjugate the verb “to run” in the past tense.
5. What is the difference between “He will go” and “He goes”?
6. Identify the tense of the sentence: “They were dancing at the party.”
7. How do you form the present continuous tense?
8. Give an example of a sentence in the past perfect tense.
9. Conjugate the verb “to eat” in the future perfect tense.
10. Why is it important to use the correct tense in writing?

Conclusion

• Summarize the different tenses, emphasizing the importance of using the correct tense in communication.
• Mark students’ exercises, provide feedback, and assign additional practice as needed.

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