Lesson Plan: Classification of Crops (Based on Uses)

Subject: Agricultural Science

Class: JSS 1 (Year 7)

Term: Second Term

Week: 2

Age: 10 – 12 years

Topic: Classification of Crops (Based on Uses)

Sub-topics:

1. Food and Feed Crops
2. Industrial Crops

Duration: 40 minutes

Behavioural Objectives

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. Define and explain the classification of crops based on their uses.
2. Identify and describe food and feed crops, including their types and examples.
3. Explain industrial crops and their economic importance.
4. Classify crops into different categories based on their usage.

Keywords

• Food Crops: Crops grown for human consumption.
• Feed Crops: Crops used to feed livestock.
• Industrial Crops: Crops grown for commercial production of goods.
• Forage Crops: Grasses and legumes used as animal feed.
• Beverage Crops: Crops used to make drinks such as tea and coffee.
• Fibre Crops: Crops that produce materials for textiles and ropes.
• Latex Crops: Crops that produce sap used for making rubber.

Set Induction (Teacher’s Attention Grabber)

The teacher brings different crop samples or pictures of food, feed, and industrial crops (e.g., maize, cocoa, cotton, and sugarcane). The teacher asks:

• What do we eat daily that comes from crops?
• Which crops are used for making clothes?
• Have you seen crops that are used for making oil or medicine?

This will stimulate students’ curiosity and make them eager to learn.

Entry Behaviour

Students have seen and consumed various food crops such as rice, maize, and yam. Some students might have also seen industrial crops like cocoa and cotton being processed.

Learning Resources and Materials

• Pictures or samples of different crops (rice, maize, cassava, cocoa, cotton, etc.).
• Charts showing different types of food, feed, and industrial crops.
• Videos or illustrations of crop classification.

Building Background/Connection to Prior Knowledge

The teacher reminds students that they learned about the classification of crops based on lifespan (annual, biennial, and perennial crops). The teacher asks:

• Can we classify crops based on how they are used?
• What are some crops that provide us with food?
• What crops are used for making drinks or textiles?

This discussion connects students’ prior knowledge with the new topic.

Embedded Core Skills

• Observation Skills: Identifying different types of crops.
• Critical Thinking: Understanding how crops serve different purposes.
• Communication Skills: Discussing the uses of crops in everyday life.

Reference Books

• Lagos State Scheme of Work for JSS 1 Agricultural Science.
• Agricultural Science Textbook for Junior Secondary Schools.

Instructional Materials

• Charts showing food, feed, and industrial crops.
• Samples of crop products such as maize, cotton, cocoa, and groundnut oil.

Lesson Content

1. Food and Feed Crops

These are crops grown for human consumption and livestock feeding. They provide essential nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, and minerals.

Types of Food and Feed Crops

1. Cereal Crops (Rich in Carbohydrates)

   • These belong to the grass family and produce grains rich in starch.
   • Examples: Rice, Millet, Maize, Sorghum, Wheat, Barley, Oats.

2. Grain Legumes (Pulses) (Rich in Proteins)

   • These crops belong to the legume family and help fix nitrogen in the soil.
   • Examples: Cowpea, Soybean, Groundnut, Pigeon Pea, Lima Bean.

3. Vegetable Crops (Rich in Vitamins and Minerals)

   • These crops provide vitamins, minerals, and roughage.
   • Examples: Okra, Tomato, Lettuce, Cabbage, Cucumber, Onion, Amaranthus.

4. Root and Tuber Crops (Major Sources of Carbohydrates)

   • These crops store food in underground stems or roots.
   • Examples: Yam, Cassava, Cocoyam, Sweet Potato, Irish Potato.

5. Fruit Crops (Supply Vitamins and Sugar)

   • These crops are grown mainly for their edible fruits.
   • Examples: Mango, Guava, Orange, Pineapple, Pawpaw, Banana, Cashew.

6. Sugar Crops

   • These crops are grown for sugar production.
   • Example: Sugarcane.

7. Beverage Crops

   • These crops are used to make drinks.
   • Examples: Cocoa, Coffee, Tea.

8. Oil Crops

   • These crops provide vegetable oil for cooking and industrial use.
   • Examples: Oil Palm, Groundnut, Coconut, Melon, Shea Butter.

9. Spices

   • These crops are used to add flavor to food.
   • Examples: Ginger, Onion, Pepper, Thyme, Curry, Locust Beans.

10. Forage Crops (Feed Crops)

• These crops are grown for feeding livestock.
• Examples: Elephant Grass, Guinea Grass, Centrosema, Gamba Grass, Pueraria.

2. Industrial Crops

These are crops grown for the production of various goods. They have commercial value and are used in different industries.

Types of Industrial Crops

1. Fibre Crops (Used for Making Clothes, Ropes, and Papers)

   • Examples: Cotton, Jute, Kenaf, Hemp, Sisal, Raffia.

2. Nut Crops (Grown Mainly for Oil)

   • Examples: Cashew, Coconut, Groundnut.

3. Latex Crops (Produce Sap Used for Making Rubber and Gum)

   • Examples: Para Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis), Indian Rubber, Gum Arabic.

4. Drug and Stimulant Crops (Contain Medicinal Properties)

   • Examples: Tobacco, Quinine, Eucalyptus, Neem Tree, Kola Nut.

5. Ornamental Crops (Grown for Beautification)

   • Examples: Roses, Sunflower, Hibiscus, Marigold, Lily, Acacia.

Evaluation (Fill-in-the-Blank Questions)

Choose the correct option:

1. Crops grown for food and feeding livestock are called ______ crops.
   a) Industrial
   b) Food and Feed
   c) Beverage
   d) Latex

2. An example of a cereal crop is ______.
   a) Cocoa
   b) Cotton
   c) Rice
   d) Neem

3. Which of these is a vegetable crop?
   a) Okra
   b) Groundnut
   c) Jute
   d) Sisal

4. Fibre crops are used to produce ______.
   a) Sugar
   b) Clothing
   c) Rubber
   d) Oil

5. A common oil crop is ______.
   a) Coffee
   b) Shea Butter
   c) Hibiscus
   d) Marigold

(Continue with 10 more questions)

Class Activity Discussion (15 FAQs with Answers)

1. What are food crops?
   Crops grown for human consumption.

2. What are feed crops?
   Crops grown for feeding livestock.

3. What is an example of a fibre crop?
   Cotton.

(Continue with 12 more FAQs)

Assessment (Evaluation Questions)

1. Define food and feed crops.
2. Mention three examples of beverage crops.
3. What are latex crops? Give two examples.
   (Continue with 7 more questions)

Conclusion

The teacher summarizes the lesson and marks students’ work.

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15 Fill-in-the-Blank Questions (Multiple Choice)

1. Crops that are grown mainly for human consumption are called ______ crops.
   a) Ornamental
   b) Industrial
   c) Food
   d) Latex

2. An example of a cereal crop is ______.
   a) Rice
   b) Cocoa
   c) Kenaf
   d) Neem

3. Groundnut is an example of a ______ crop.
   a) Fibre
   b) Beverage
   c) Oil
   d) Latex

4. ______ crops are grown mainly to feed livestock.
   a) Beverage
   b) Forage
   c) Sugar
   d) Drug

5. An example of a fibre crop is ______.
   a) Cotton
   b) Cassava
   c) Mango
   d) Sorghum

6. ______ crops are grown for making drinks like tea and coffee.
   a) Latex
   b) Beverage
   c) Oil
   d) Drug

7. Crops like cocoa and coffee are classified as ______ crops.
   a) Ornamental
   b) Beverage
   c) Industrial
   d) Fibre

8. The crop that provides sugar is ______.
   a) Pineapple
   b) Sugarcane
   c) Cassava
   d) Maize

9. The part of root and tuber crops that is consumed is the ______.
   a) Leaf
   b) Seed
   c) Root
   d) Flower

10. ______ crops are mainly grown for their attractive appearance and beautification.
    a) Food
    b) Ornamental
    c) Beverage
    d) Fibre

11. Which of the following is a leguminous crop?
    a) Maize
    b) Rice
    c) Cowpea
    d) Wheat

12. A crop grown mainly for oil production is ______.
    a) Onion
    b) Groundnut
    c) Marigold
    d) Hibiscus

13. Rubber is obtained from ______ crops.
    a) Oil
    b) Latex
    c) Beverage
    d) Fibre

14. Which of the following is NOT a fruit crop?
    a) Mango
    b) Cocoa
    c) Orange
    d) Pawpaw

15. Crops used to flavor food are called ______ crops.
    a) Beverage
    b) Spices
    c) Fibre
    d) Industrial

15 Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) and Answers

1. What are food crops?
   Food crops are crops grown mainly for human consumption, such as rice, yam, and maize.

2. What are feed crops?
   Feed crops are grown mainly to feed livestock, such as Guinea grass and Elephant grass.

3. What are cereal crops?
   Cereal crops belong to the grass family and produce grains rich in carbohydrates, e.g., maize and rice.

4. Why are leguminous crops important?
   Leguminous crops help improve soil fertility by fixing nitrogen into the soil.

5. What are root and tuber crops?
   These are crops that store food in their roots or underground stems, e.g., yam and cassava.

6. Give three examples of vegetable crops.
   Okra, lettuce, and cabbage.

7. What are beverage crops?
   Beverage crops are grown to produce drinks, e.g., cocoa, coffee, and tea.

8. What are oil crops?
   Oil crops produce vegetable oil used for cooking and industrial purposes, e.g., groundnut and oil palm.

9. What are fibre crops?
   Fibre crops provide materials for making textiles, ropes, and carpets, e.g., cotton and jute.

10. What are industrial crops?
    Industrial crops are grown for processing into useful products like oil, rubber, and beverages.

11. What are latex crops?
    Latex crops produce a milky sap used to make rubber and adhesives, e.g., Para rubber and Gum Arabic.

12. What are drug crops?
    Drug crops contain medicinal substances, e.g., quinine, eucalyptus, and neem tree.

13. Give two examples of forage crops.
    Elephant grass and Guinea grass.

14. What are ornamental crops?
    Ornamental crops are grown for beautification, e.g., hibiscus and sunflower.

15. Why are spices important?
    Spices add flavor and taste to food, e.g., ginger, pepper, and thyme.

10 Evaluation Questions

1. Define food crops and give two examples.
2. Explain what feed crops are and mention two examples.
3. List three types of food crops and provide two examples for each.
4. What are beverage crops? Give two examples.
5. Define industrial crops and list four types.
6. Give three examples of fibre crops and explain their importance.
7. Differentiate between root and tuber crops, with two examples each.
8. What are ornamental crops? List three examples.
9. Mention two crops that are sources of oil and their uses.
10. Describe latex crops and give two examples.