HomeJSS 1PHETypes of Waste, Sewage and Refuse Disposal, Sources of Water – JSS 1 Lesson Note

Types of Waste, Sewage and Refuse Disposal, Sources of Water – JSS 1 Lesson Note

Physical and Health Education JSS 1 Second Term Lesson Notes – Week 1

Topic: Revision of Some Difficult Topics in First Term

Sub-topics:

  1. Types of Waste
  2. Sewage and Refuse Disposal
  3. Sources of Water

Lesson Details:

  • Subject: Physical and Health Education
  • Class: JSS 1
  • Term: Second Term
  • Week: 1
  • Age: 10–12 years
  • Duration: 40 minutes

Behavioural Objectives:

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

  1. Identify different types of waste.
  2. Explain proper sewage and refuse disposal methods.
  3. List and describe various sources of water.
  4. Understand the importance of proper waste management and water sources.

Keywords:

  • Waste
  • Sewage
  • Refuse
  • Disposal
  • Water sources

Set Induction:

The teacher asks students where they dispose of their household waste and the sources of water they use daily. This will help introduce the topic by relating it to their everyday experiences.

Entry Behaviour:

Students are familiar with waste materials in their surroundings and know common water sources like boreholes and rivers.

Learning Resources and Materials:

  • Pictures or charts showing different types of waste
  • Videos or demonstrations on waste disposal and water sources
  • Samples of waste items (plastic, paper, food waste, etc.)

Building Background / Connection to Prior Knowledge:

Students have learned about the environment and its importance in previous classes. They also understand basic hygiene practices.

Embedded Core Skills:

  • Critical Thinking
  • Problem-Solving
  • Environmental Awareness

Lesson Content:

1. Types of Waste

Waste refers to unwanted or discarded materials. It can be classified into different types:

  1. Solid Waste – Includes plastics, metals, glass, papers, food scraps, and clothes.
  2. Liquid Waste – Includes sewage, wastewater from kitchens and bathrooms, and industrial chemicals.
  3. Gaseous Waste – Includes smoke from industries, vehicle emissions, and burning refuse.
  4. Biomedical Waste – Waste from hospitals such as used bandages, syringes, and expired medicines.
  5. E-Waste (Electronic Waste) – Includes old mobile phones, batteries, and broken electrical appliances.

2. Sewage and Refuse Disposal

Proper disposal of waste is important to prevent pollution and diseases. The common methods include:

  1. Refuse Disposal Methods:

    • Open Dumping: Waste is dumped in open spaces (not recommended).
    • Incineration: Burning of waste at high temperatures.
    • Landfilling: Burying waste underground.
    • Recycling: Reusing materials like plastics and paper.
    • Composting: Converting organic waste into manure.

  2. Sewage Disposal Methods:

    • Septic Tanks: Used in homes where human waste is stored underground.
    • Sewage Treatment Plants: Large facilities that treat wastewater before releasing it into rivers.
    • Pit Latrines: Simple toilet system where waste is collected in a deep pit.

3. Sources of Water

Water is essential for survival, and its sources include:

  1. Surface Water: Rivers, lakes, ponds, and streams.
  2. Groundwater: Boreholes and wells.
  3. Rainwater: Collected and stored for use.
  4. Spring Water: Natural water from underground that comes to the surface.
  5. Treated Water: Water from government supply or bottled water.

Evaluation Questions (Fill in the Blanks):

  1. ________ waste includes plastics, metals, and papers.
    a) Solid
    b) Liquid
    c) Gaseous
    d) Biomedical

  2. The proper disposal of human waste is called ________.
    a) Composting
    b) Sewage disposal
    c) Open dumping
    d) Recycling

  3. ________ is an example of a gaseous waste.
    a) Smoke
    b) Plastic
    c) Paper
    d) Cloth

  4. Water obtained from deep underground sources is called ________.
    a) Surface water
    b) Groundwater
    c) Rainwater
    d) Polluted water

  5. ________ is a method of turning organic waste into manure.
    a) Composting
    b) Incineration
    c) Recycling
    d) Open dumping

  6. ________ is a common sewage disposal system in villages.
    a) Pit latrine
    b) Incineration
    c) Open dumping
    d) Landfill

  7. Waste from hospitals is called ________ waste.
    a) Solid
    b) Liquid
    c) Biomedical
    d) E-waste

  8. A ________ is used to store and treat human waste underground.
    a) Septic tank
    b) Landfill
    c) Open dump
    d) Incinerator

  9. Rivers, lakes, and ponds are examples of ________ water sources.
    a) Treated
    b) Surface
    c) Ground
    d) Rain

  10. The process of treating sewage before releasing it into rivers is called ________.
    a) Incineration
    b) Landfilling
    c) Sewage treatment
    d) Composting

Class Activity Discussion (FAQs with Answers):

  1. What is waste?

    • Waste is any material that is no longer needed and is thrown away.

  2. Why is waste disposal important?

    • It prevents pollution, reduces diseases, and keeps the environment clean.

  3. What are the types of waste?

    • Solid, liquid, gaseous, biomedical, and e-waste.

  4. How can we dispose of refuse properly?

    • By recycling, composting, landfilling, and incineration.

  5. What is sewage?

    • Sewage is human waste and wastewater from homes and industries.

  6. What are examples of surface water sources?

    • Rivers, lakes, and ponds.

  7. How can we get clean water for drinking?

    • By boiling, filtering, or using treated water.

  8. What is recycling?

    • Recycling is reusing waste materials like plastics, paper, and glass.

  9. What is the difference between groundwater and surface water?

    • Groundwater comes from underground sources like boreholes, while surface water comes from rivers and lakes.

  10. What are the dangers of improper waste disposal?

  • It can cause diseases, pollution, and harm animals.

Presentation Steps:

  1. Introduction:

    • The teacher revises first-term difficult topics using discussions and questions.

  2. Explanation:

    • The teacher explains each sub-topic with examples.

  3. Class Discussion:

    • Students contribute by mentioning examples of waste, sewage systems, and water sources.

  4. Teacher’s and Learners’ Activities:

    • Teacher’s Activities:

      • Displays pictures of waste, sewage systems, and water sources.
      • Demonstrates proper waste disposal.

    • Learners’ Activities:

      • Identify different waste types.
      • Discuss the best disposal methods.
      • Mention the water sources they use at home.

Conclusion:

The teacher summarizes the lesson and asks students to mention one type of waste, one sewage disposal method, and one source of water. The teacher marks students’ answers and provides feedback.

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