Basic Science JSS 1 Second Term Lesson Notes – Week 10

Subject: Basic Science

Class: JSS 1

Term: Second Term

Week: 10

Topic: The Reproductive System

Sub-topic: Types of Reproduction, Male and Female Reproductive Organs, and Their Care

Duration: 40 Minutes

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Behavioral Objectives

By the end of this lesson, students should be able to:

1. Define reproduction.
2. List and explain the two types of reproduction.
3. Identify the male and female reproductive organs and their functions.
4. Explain the process of fertilization.
5. Discuss ways to care for the male and female reproductive organs.

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Keywords

• Reproduction – The ability of living organisms to produce young ones of their kind.
• Asexual Reproduction – Reproduction that involves only one parent.
• Sexual Reproduction – Reproduction that involves male and female organisms.
• Fertilization – The fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote.
• Gametes – The reproductive cells (sperm and egg) in animals.

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Set Induction

The teacher will begin by asking the students how animals and humans give birth to their babies. The teacher will then introduce the topic by explaining that reproduction is an essential process for the survival of living things.

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Entry Behavior

Students have basic knowledge about the differences between males and females.

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Learning Resources and Materials

• Charts showing the male and female reproductive systems.
• Models or diagrams of reproductive organs.
• Flashcards with reproductive terms and definitions.

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Building Background/Connection to Prior Knowledge

The teacher will remind students of the previous lesson on drug abuse and explain how drug abuse can negatively affect the reproductive system.

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Embedded Core Skills

• Critical Thinking: Understanding the importance of reproduction in living organisms.
• Communication: Discussing and asking questions about the reproductive system.
• Personal Development: Learning proper hygiene and reproductive health care.

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Instructional Materials

1. Charts displaying male and female reproductive organs.
2. Pictures of organisms that reproduce sexually and asexually.
3. Videos or diagrams explaining fertilization.

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Content Breakdown

1. Definition of Reproduction

Reproduction is the ability of living organisms to produce young ones of their kind. It is necessary for the continuity of life.

2. Types of Reproduction

There are two main types of reproduction:

A. Asexual Reproduction

• This type of reproduction involves only one parent.
• There is no fusion of male and female gametes.
• The offspring are identical to the parent.
• Examples:
  • Binary fission in bacteria.
  • Budding in hydra.
  • Vegetative reproduction in plants (e.g., runners in strawberries).

B. Sexual Reproduction

• This type of reproduction involves two parents (male and female).
• The male produces sperm, and the female produces eggs (ova).
• The sperm and egg fuse during fertilization to form a zygote.
• Examples:
  • Humans
  • Birds
  • Fish

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3. Male Reproductive System and Their Functions

Organ	Function
Testes	Produces sperm.
Scrotal sac	Houses and protects the testes.
Penis	Transfers sperm into the female vagina.
Vas deferens	Carries sperm from the testes to the seminal vesicle.
Urethra	Carries sperm within the penis to the female reproductive organ.

Care of the Male Reproductive Organs

1. Bathe and shower daily.
2. Avoid wearing tight underwear.
3. Eat a healthy and balanced diet.
4. Wear protective gear when playing sports.

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4. Female Reproductive System and Their Functions

Organ	Function
Ovaries	Produces eggs (ova).
Fallopian funnel	Receives the egg from the ovary.
Oviduct	Carries the egg to the uterus.
Uterus (Womb)	Receives and supports a developing baby.
Vagina	Receives the penis during copulation.

Care of the Female Reproductive Organs

1. Take a bath daily (morning and night).
2. Avoid taking illegal drugs.
3. Wear clean and breathable underwear.
4. Use clean toilets to avoid infections.
5. Eat a balanced diet.
6. Visit a gynecologist if there are any reproductive health issues.

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Evaluation Questions

Classwork

1. What is reproduction?
2. List the two types of reproduction.
3. Define asexual reproduction.

Assignment

Section A (Multiple Choice Questions)

1. The fusion of the male and female sex cells is called:
   a) Fertilization
   b) Conception
   c) Menstruation
   d) Pregnancy
2. The type of reproduction that involves only one parent is called:
   a) Sexual reproduction
   b) Bi-sexual reproduction
   c) Asexual reproduction
   d) Isolated reproduction
3. Which of the following organs is associated with the female reproductive system?
   a) Testes
   b) Ovary
   c) Urethra
   d) Penis
4. The male sex cell is called:
   a) Penis
   b) Testis
   c) Sperm
   d) Scrotum
5. The part of the female reproductive system that receives the penis during copulation is called:
   a) Anus
   b) Vagina
   c) Womb
   d) Ova

Section B (Short Answer Questions)

1. What is sexual reproduction?
2. In a tabular form, state three differences between the male and female reproductive systems.
3. State the functions of the following reproductive organs:
   • Testes
   • Scrotal sac
   • Vagina
   • Ovary

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Presentation Steps

Step 1: Introduction

• The teacher introduces the topic by explaining reproduction and its importance.

Step 2: Explanation

• The teacher explains the two types of reproduction, using charts and diagrams.

Step 3: Demonstration

• The teacher uses charts and models to describe the male and female reproductive organs and their functions.

Step 4: Class Discussion

• The teacher allows students to discuss the importance of proper reproductive hygiene.

Step 5: Summary and Assessment

• The teacher reviews key points and gives classwork to assess students’ understanding.

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Assessment (10 Short Answer Questions)

1. Define reproduction.
2. State the two types of reproduction.
3. What is fertilization?
4. Mention two examples of asexual reproduction.
5. Define sexual reproduction.
6. List three organs of the male reproductive system and their functions.
7. List three organs of the female reproductive system and their functions.
8. Why is proper hygiene important for reproductive health?
9. How does fertilization occur in humans?
10. What is the function of the uterus?

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Conclusion

The teacher will summarize the lesson by emphasizing the importance of reproduction in living organisms and proper reproductive health care.

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