Family Health – Sanitation and Personal Hygiene
LESSON NOTE: FAMILY HEALTH – SANITATION AND PERSONAL HYGIENE
Subject: Basic Science
Class: JSS 1
Term: Second Term
Week: 6
Age: 10 – 12 years
Topic: Family Health – Sanitation and Personal Hygiene
Sub-topic: Cleanliness, Hygiene, and Health Benefits
Duration: 40 Minutes
Behavioural Objectives
By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
- Define sanitation, personal hygiene, and cleanliness.
- Explain different ways to maintain personal cleanliness.
- List the advantages of personal hygiene.
- Describe the disadvantages of poor personal hygiene.
- Identify factors that contribute to poor hygiene.
Keywords
- Sanitation
- Hygiene
- Cleanliness
- Germs
- Health
Set Induction
The teacher asks students:
- What happens when you don’t bathe for a few days?
- Why do doctors and health workers emphasize washing hands?
- Have you seen people with tooth decay or body odor? What do you think caused it?
The teacher then explains that good hygiene is essential for maintaining health and preventing diseases.
Entry Behaviour
Students have basic knowledge of cleanliness and why keeping their environment clean is important.
Learning Resources and Materials
- Pictures or charts showing clean and unclean environments
- Hygiene kits (toothbrush, soap, nail cutter, hand sanitizer, etc.)
- Videos or posters on personal hygiene practices
Building Background/Connection to Prior Knowledge
The teacher reminds students that they have learned about cleanliness at home and in school. Now, they will learn why hygiene is necessary for good health.
Embedded Core Skills
- Observation
- Communication
- Critical Thinking
- Personal Responsibility
Reference Books
- Lagos State Scheme of Work
- Basic Science Textbook for JSS 1
- Health Education Textbook
Instructional Materials
- Charts displaying hygiene practices
- Pictures of different levels of hygiene
- Real-life examples of good and poor hygiene
Content
1. Definition of Sanitation
Sanitation is the process of keeping places free from dirt, germs, and diseases by properly disposing of waste materials. It involves maintaining cleanliness in our surroundings.
2. Personal Cleanliness
Personal cleanliness means keeping our bodies clean to prevent diseases. Germs are tiny organisms that cause diseases, and maintaining cleanliness helps us avoid them.
3. Personal Hygiene
Personal hygiene is the practice of taking care of our body to lead a healthy life. It involves keeping our body clean through proper care and cleanliness.
Ways of Keeping Our Body Clean
- Brush your teeth at least twice daily.
- Bathe daily to remove dirt and germs.
- Wash and comb your hair to keep it neat.
- Wash and wear clean clothes regularly.
- Trim and clean your fingernails to avoid dirt buildup.
- Wash your ears to prevent wax buildup.
- Use a clean handkerchief to wipe your nose.
- Wash your hands before eating and after using the toilet.
4. Advantages of Personal Hygiene
Practicing personal hygiene leads to:
- Good health – Prevents sickness and infections.
- Happiness – A clean person feels fresh and confident.
- Emotional stability – Good hygiene boosts mental well-being.
- High self-esteem – Clean people feel good about themselves.
- Social acceptability – People prefer associating with those who smell fresh and look clean.
5. Disadvantages of Poor/Lack of Personal Hygiene
Failure to maintain hygiene can cause:
- Exposure to germs and infections.
- Body odor and skin diseases.
- Tooth decay and bad breath (mouth odor).
- Dirty hair leading to lice infestation.
- Swallowing germs from dirty hands.
- Wearing dirty clothes, making one look untidy.
6. Levels of Personal Hygiene
- Low Level of Personal Hygiene:
- Wearing clean outer clothes but dirty underwear.
- Having unkempt hair, untrimmed nails, and body odor.
- High/Optimal Level of Personal Hygiene:
- Taking care of both outward appearance and underwear.
- Keeping the body and surroundings clean.
7. Factors Leading to Poor Hygiene
- Ignorance – Not knowing the importance of hygiene.
- Tradition – Some cultures neglect hygiene practices.
- Lack of Time – Being too busy to maintain cleanliness.
- Nonchalant Attitude – Not caring about personal cleanliness.
Evaluation Questions (Fill in the Blanks)
- The process of keeping places free from dirt and germs is called ______.
a) Cleaning
b) Sanitation
c) Washing
d) Hygiene - The science of maintaining good health through cleanliness is called ______.
a) Cleaning
b) Sanitation
c) Hygiene
d) Germs - Which of these is not a good hygiene practice?
a) Brushing teeth twice daily
b) Wearing dirty clothes
c) Bathing daily
d) Washing hands after using the toilet - Poor hygiene can lead to ______.
a) Good health
b) Strong teeth
c) Body odor and skin diseases
d) Happiness - A person with good hygiene will enjoy ______.
a) Bad breath
b) Emotional stability
c) Tooth decay
d) Body odor
Class Activity Discussion (FAQs and Answers)
- What is sanitation?
Sanitation is the practice of keeping places free from dirt, germs, and diseases. - What is personal hygiene?
Personal hygiene is the care of our body to maintain good health. - What are germs?
Germs are tiny organisms that can cause diseases. - Why is brushing teeth important?
Brushing teeth prevents bad breath, tooth decay, and gum diseases. - How does poor hygiene affect social life?
People with poor hygiene may be avoided by friends because of bad smell or dirty appearance.
Assessment (Evaluation Questions)
- Define sanitation.
- Define personal hygiene.
- Mention two levels of personal hygiene.
- List four advantages of personal hygiene.
- State three disadvantages of poor hygiene.
- Mention five ways to maintain personal cleanliness.
- Name two factors that lead to low personal hygiene.
Conclusion
The teacher summarizes the lesson and explains the importance of maintaining good hygiene in daily life.