Matter: Meaning, Classification, States, and Changes of Matter for JSS 1
Lesson Plan on Matter
Subject: Basic Science
Class: JSS 1
Term: First Term
Week: 1
Age: 10 – 12 years
Topic: Matter
Sub-topic: Meaning, Classification, and States of Matter
Duration: 40 Minutes
Behavioural Objectives
By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
- Define matter correctly.
- Identify and explain the three states of matter.
- Classify matter into living and non-living.
- List at least five examples of each state of matter.
- Explain the changes in the state of matter.
Keywords
- Matter
- Solid
- Liquid
- Gas
- Evaporation
- Condensation
- Melting
- Boiling
Set Induction (Introduction)
The teacher will bring a cup of water, a stone, and a balloon filled with air to the class. The teacher will ask students to identify what they see and what they have in common. The teacher will then explain that all the items are matter because they occupy space and have mass.
Entry Behaviour
Students already know about some materials in their surroundings, such as water, stone, books, and air, but may not understand that all these are types of matter.
Learning Resources and Materials
- Cup of water (Liquid)
- A piece of stone or wood (Solid)
- An inflated balloon (Gas)
- Chart showing states of matter
Building Background/Connection to Prior Knowledge
The teacher will ask students to name some objects around them and discuss how they feel or behave (solid, liquid, or gas). This will help link the topic to their everyday experiences.
Embedded Core Skills
- Critical thinking
- Observation
- Communication
- Inquiry and questioning skills
Learning Materials
- Lagos State Scheme of Work
- Science Textbooks
- Pictures and charts of matter and its states
Reference Books
- Lagos State Scheme of Work
- Basic Science for JSS 1 by reputable authors
- Online educational resources on matter
Instructional Materials
- Water, stone, and a balloon
- A chart of different states of matter
- A small ice cube to show melting
Lesson Presentation
Step 1: Introduction of the Topic
The teacher explains that matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. Matter makes up everything around us, including living and non-living things.
Examples of Matter
- Water
- Air
- Stone
- Chair
- Sand
- Book
- Car
- Table
- Tree
- Biro
Step 2: Classification of Matter
Matter is classified into:
- Living Matter – These are things that have life, grow, and reproduce. Examples:
- Human beings
- Animals (goat, lion, cat)
- Plants (trees, flowers)
- Non-Living Matter – These are things that do not have life and do not grow or reproduce. Examples:
- Water
- Chair
- Rock
- Air
Step 3: States of Matter
Matter exists in three main states:
1. Solid State
- Solids have a definite shape and volume.
- The particles are tightly packed together.
- They do not flow like liquids.
Examples:
- Stone
- Table
- Book
- Iron
- Chair
2. Liquid State
- Liquids take the shape of their container.
- They flow easily.
- The particles are loosely packed.
Examples:
- Water
- Petrol
- Juice
- Cooking oil
- Milk
3. Gaseous State
- Gases do not have a fixed shape or volume.
- They expand to fill any container.
- The particles move freely and are far apart.
Examples:
- Air
- Oxygen
- Steam
- Carbon dioxide
- Nitrogen
Step 4: Change of State of Matter
Matter can change from one state to another:
- Melting – Solid changes to liquid (e.g., ice to water).
- Boiling – Liquid changes to gas when heated.
- Condensation – Gas changes back to liquid (e.g., steam cooling to water).
- Evaporation – Liquid turns into gas at normal temperature (e.g., drying of wet clothes).
Evaluation
Fill-in-the-blank Questions
- Matter is anything that has ______ and occupies ______.
a) mass, shape
b) mass, space
c) space, shape
d) water, air - The three states of matter are ______, ______, and ______.
a) solid, metal, water
b) solid, liquid, gas
c) stone, air, oil
d) gas, rock, dust - ______ is an example of a solid.
a) Air
b) Stone
c) Petrol
d) Steam - A gas takes the shape of its ______.
a) container
b) solid
c) volume
d) liquid - The process by which a liquid turns into a gas is called ______.
a) melting
b) condensation
c) evaporation
d) freezing
Class Activity Discussion (FAQs and Answers)
- What is matter?
- Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space.
- How many states of matter do we have?
- Three: Solid, Liquid, and Gas.
- Why do solids have a fixed shape?
- Because their particles are tightly packed together.
- Give three examples of liquids.
- Water, juice, cooking oil.
- What happens when a solid is heated?
- It melts into a liquid.
- What process changes gas to liquid?
- Condensation.
- Which state of matter flows?
- Liquids and gases.
- What happens when water boils?
- It turns into steam (gas).
- Why do gases spread quickly?
- Because their particles move freely.
- What state of matter is air?
- Gas.
Assessment (Evaluation Questions)
- Define matter.
- List the three states of matter.
- Give two examples of each state of matter.
- What happens to water when it is heated?
- Explain evaporation.
- Mention two properties of solids.
- Define condensation.
- What is the boiling point of water?
- Why do liquids take the shape of their container?
- What is the difference between melting and boiling?
Conclusion
The teacher will summarize the lesson, emphasizing the meaning, classification, and states of matter. The teacher will go around, mark students’ work, and provide feedback.
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Matter: Meaning, Classification, States, and Changes of Matter for JSS 1
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Learn about matter, its classification, states, and changes. This JSS 1 Basic Science lesson covers all you need to know about matter.