Nutritional Classification of Farm Animals Animal Husbandry SS 1 First Term Lesson Notes Week 2

Animal Husbandry SS 1 First Term Lesson Notes – Week 2

Subject:

Animal Husbandry

Class:

SS 1

Term:

First Term

Week:

2

Age:

14 – 16 years

Topic:

Classification of Farm Animals

Sub-Topic:

Classification Based on Nutrition

1. Ruminants (Polygastrics)
2. Small Ruminants (e.g., Sheep and Goats)
3. Non-Ruminants (Monogastrics)
   a. Poultry (Avian)
   b. Pigs (Swine)
   c. Rabbits

Duration:

40 minutes

Behavioral Objectives:

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. Define and explain the classification of farm animals based on nutrition.
2. Identify characteristics of ruminants and non-ruminants.
3. Classify examples of farm animals into ruminants and non-ruminants.

Keywords:

• Ruminants
• Monogastrics
• Polygastrics
• Nutritional classification
• Herbivores

Set Induction:

The teacher starts by asking students to name different farm animals they know and categorize them based on their eating habits, prompting discussion on their observations.

Entry Behavior:

Students have a general understanding of farm animals and their importance.

Learning Resources and Materials:

• Charts illustrating different farm animals
• Diagrams of the digestive systems of ruminants and non-ruminants
• Videos showing feeding habits of various farm animals

Building Background/Connection to Prior Knowledge:

Students are already familiar with common farm animals. This lesson builds on that knowledge by exploring how these animals are classified based on their nutritional needs.

Embedded Core Skills:

• Critical thinking
• Observation
• Collaboration
• Research

Learning Materials:

• Notebooks
• Textbooks
• Whiteboard and markers

Reference Books:

• Lagos State Scheme of Work
• Agricultural Science for Senior Secondary Schools by O.A. Iwena

Instructional Materials:

• Charts showing ruminants and non-ruminants
• Diagrams of digestive systems

Content:

Classification of Farm Animals Based on Nutrition

1. Ruminants (Polygastrics):
   • Ruminants have a specialized stomach with four compartments: the rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum.
   • They primarily feed on fibrous plant materials and have the ability to digest cellulose due to the presence of specific microorganisms in their rumen.
   • Examples: Cattle, sheep, and goats.
2. Small Ruminants:
   • Small ruminants are typically smaller in size and have similar digestive systems to larger ruminants.
   • Examples:
     • Sheep: Commonly raised for meat (mutton), wool, and milk.
     • Goats: Known for their versatility in diet and are raised for meat (chevon), milk, and fiber.
3. Non-Ruminants (Monogastrics):
   • Non-ruminants have a single-chambered stomach and do not have the ability to digest fibrous plant material as efficiently as ruminants.
   • They require a diet that is higher in easily digestible nutrients.

   a. Poultry (Avian):

   • Birds such as chickens, ducks, and turkeys that have a unique digestive system including a gizzard.
   • They are raised for meat and egg production.

   b. Pigs (Swine):

   • Pigs are omnivores and can consume a wide range of feed, including grains and kitchen scraps.
   • They are primarily raised for pork production.

   c. Rabbits:

   • Rabbits are also classified as non-ruminants but have a unique digestive system that allows them to ferment food in their cecum.
   • They are raised for meat and fur.

Evaluation

1. Animals that have a specialized stomach with four compartments are called ______.
   a) Monogastrics
   b) Ruminants
   c) Omnivores
   Answer: b
2. Sheep and goats are examples of ______.
   a) Large ruminants
   b) Non-ruminants
   c) Small ruminants
   Answer: c
3. The stomach of ruminants includes the rumen, reticulum, omasum, and ______.
   a) Cecum
   b) Abomasum
   c) Duodenum
   Answer: b
4. Poultry refers to ______ animals.
   a) Mammals
   b) Birds
   c) Fish
   Answer: b
5. Pigs are classified as ______ animals.
   a) Ruminants
   b) Monogastrics
   c) Herbivores
   Answer: b
6. Non-ruminants have ______ chamber(s) in their stomach.
   a) Two
   b) Three
   c) One
   Answer: c
7. Rabbits have a unique digestive system that includes a ______.
   a) Rumen
   b) Cecum
   c) Gizzard
   Answer: b
8. Ruminants mainly feed on ______ materials.
   a) Protein
   b) Sugars
   c) Fibrous
   Answer: c
9. The ability to digest cellulose is mainly found in ______.
   a) Monogastrics
   b) Ruminants
   c) Omnivores
   Answer: b
10. Chickens are commonly raised for ______ production.
    a) Wool
    b) Meat
    c) Milk
    Answer: b
11. ______ are primarily raised for pork production.
    a) Cattle
    b) Sheep
    c) Pigs
    Answer: c
12. The digestive system of poultry includes a structure known as the ______.
    a) Gizzard
    b) Rumen
    c) Stomach
    Answer: a
13. Small ruminants are typically ______ than large ruminants.
    a) Larger
    b) Smaller
    c) Similar
    Answer: b
14. The nutritional classification of animals is important for ______ management.
    a) Soil
    b) Animal
    c) Crop
    Answer: b
15. Ruminants can digest ______ better than non-ruminants.
    a) Carbohydrates
    b) Fats
    c) Cellulose
    Answer: c

Class Activity Discussion

1. What are ruminants?
   Ruminants are animals that have a specialized stomach with four compartments for digesting fibrous food.
2. Can you name some examples of ruminants?
   Examples include cattle, sheep, and goats.
3. What is the difference between ruminants and non-ruminants?
   Ruminants have a multi-chambered stomach and can digest fibrous materials, while non-ruminants have a single-chambered stomach.
4. What are small ruminants?
   Small ruminants are smaller animals like sheep and goats that have similar digestive systems to larger ruminants.
5. What do poultry animals produce?
   Poultry animals are raised for meat and eggs.
6. How are pigs classified nutritionally?
   Pigs are classified as non-ruminants or monogastrics.
7. What unique feature do rabbits have in their digestive system?
   Rabbits have a cecum that helps them ferment food.
8. Why are ruminants important in agriculture?
   They provide meat, milk, and other products and contribute to soil fertility through their manure.
9. What type of feed do non-ruminants require?
   Non-ruminants require easily digestible nutrients as they cannot efficiently digest fibrous materials.
10. How does the digestive system of poultry differ from that of mammals?
    Poultry have a gizzard that grinds food, while mammals have a more complex stomach structure.
11. What do we mean by “polygastrics”?
    Polygastrics refers to animals that have multiple stomach compartments, aiding in the digestion of fibrous foods.
12. Are goats considered ruminants?
    Yes, goats are classified as ruminants due to their multi-chambered stomach.
13. What is the role of the gizzard in poultry?
    The gizzard helps grind food, aiding in digestion.
14. How do rabbits contribute to sustainable farming?
    Rabbits provide meat and can thrive on forage, helping in waste recycling.
15. What is a key characteristic of monogastrics?
    Monogastrics have a single-chambered stomach and rely on different types of feed compared to ruminants.

Evaluation Questions:

1. Define ruminants and provide two examples.
2. List three characteristics of small ruminants.
3. Explain the difference between ruminants and non-ruminants.
4. What is the nutritional classification of poultry?
5. Identify one importance of pigs in animal husbandry.
6. Describe the digestive system of rabbits.
7. How do ruminants contribute to soil fertility?
8. List two types of feed suitable for non-ruminants.
9. What is the role of the cecum in rabbits?
10. Explain why understanding animal classification is important for farmers.

Conclusion:

Understanding the classification of farm animals based on nutrition is essential for effective animal management and optimal production.