Parts of Speech English Grammar JSS 3

Lesson Plan Details

Subject: English Language

Class: Junior Secondary School 3 (JSS 3)

Term: 1

Week: 1

Age: 14-15 years

Topic: Parts of Speech

Duration: 60 minutes

Behavioral Objectives:

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

Define parts of speech.
Identify the eight parts of speech in sentences.
Use each part of speech correctly in sentences.
Differentiate between the functions of each part of speech.

Keywords:

Parts of Speech, Nouns, Verbs, Adjectives, Adverbs, Pronouns, Prepositions, Conjunctions, Interjections

Set Induction:

Start with a simple question: “What do we call words that have different functions in a sentence?” Encourage students to share their thoughts, leading into the introduction of parts of speech.

Entry Behaviour:

Students should have a basic understanding of sentence structure and the role of words in communication.

Learning Resources and Materials:

Whiteboard and markers
Printed worksheets
Sample sentences on charts
Projector (optional for visuals)

Building Background/Connection to Prior Knowledge:

Review the previous lessons on sentences and their structure to connect with the new topic on parts of speech.

Embedded Core Skills:

Critical thinking
Communication
Collaboration

Learning Materials:

English Language textbooks
Reference books on grammar

Reference Books:

Lagos State Scheme of Work for English Language
“English Grammar in Use” by Raymond Murphy

Instructional Materials:

Visual aids (charts, diagrams of parts of speech)
Interactive online resources (if available)

Content:

Definition of Parts of Speech:

Parts of speech are categories that describe the function of words in a sentence. The eight main parts of speech are:

Nouns: Words that name people, places, things, or ideas (e.g., teacher, Lagos, book).
Verbs: Words that express actions or states of being (e.g., run, is, think).
Adjectives: Words that describe nouns (e.g., happy, blue, tall).
Adverbs: Words that modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs (e.g., quickly, very, well).
Pronouns: Words that replace nouns (e.g., he, they, it).
Prepositions: Words that show relationships between nouns or pronouns and other words (e.g., in, on, under).
Conjunctions: Words that connect words, phrases, or clauses (e.g., and, but, or).
Interjections: Words that express strong emotions (e.g., wow!, ouch!, hey!).

Examples:

Noun: The cat sat on the mat.
Verb: She runs every morning.
Adjective: He is a brave soldier.
Adverb: She sings beautifully.
Pronoun: They went to the market.
Preposition: The book is on the table.
Conjunction: I want to go, but I am tired.
Interjection: Hooray! We won the game!

Board Summary:

Parts of Speech: Overview and Explanation

What is a Part of Speech? A part of speech is a category that defines how a word functions in a sentence. There are eight primary parts of speech in English, each serving a unique role:

Nouns
Pronouns
Adjectives
Verbs
Adverbs
Prepositions
Conjunctions
Interjections

Words can often function as multiple parts of speech depending on their use in a sentence.

1. Nouns

A noun is a word that names a person, place, or thing.

Examples: Sarah, cat, school, Japan.

Types of Nouns:

Abstract Nouns: Names an idea (e.g., love, peace).
Concrete Nouns: Names a physical object (e.g., table, rain).
Common Nouns: General names (e.g., city, country).
Proper Nouns: Specific names (e.g., London, Google).
Countable Nouns: Can be counted (e.g., apple, books).
Uncountable Nouns: Cannot be counted (e.g., water, information).

2. Pronouns

A pronoun replaces a noun in a sentence.

Examples: he, she, it, we.

Types of Pronouns:

Personal Pronouns: Represent people or things (e.g., I, you, they).
Demonstrative Pronouns: Point to things (e.g., this, those).
Interrogative Pronouns: Used in questions (e.g., who, what).
Possessive Pronouns: Indicate ownership (e.g., mine, hers).
Relative Pronouns: Link clauses (e.g., who, that).
Reflexive Pronouns: Reflect the subject (e.g., myself, themselves).
Indefinite Pronouns: Refer to non-specific items (e.g., anyone, some).

3. Adjectives

An adjective describes a noun or pronoun.

Examples: beautiful, quick, green.

Types of Adjectives:

Opinion: nice, stupid.
Size: big, small.
Age: old, new.
Shape: round, square.
Color: red, blue.
Material: wooden, plastic.

4. Verbs

A verb expresses an action or state.

Examples: run, think, be.

Types of Verbs:

Auxiliary Verbs: Help the main verb (e.g., is, have).
Stative Verbs: Express a state (e.g., love, want).
Dynamic Verbs: Express actions (e.g., jump, run).
Regular Verbs: Follow standard rules for conjugation (e.g., walk/walked).
Irregular Verbs: Do not follow standard conjugation (e.g., go/went).

5. Adverbs

An adverb modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb.

Examples: quickly, very, often.

Categories of Adverbs:

Manner: how something is done (e.g., well, slowly).
Place: where something happens (e.g., here, outside).
Time: when something happens (e.g., now, soon).
Frequency: how often (e.g., always, rarely).
Degree: to what extent (e.g., very, too).

6. Prepositions

A preposition connects a noun or pronoun to another word in the sentence, showing relationships such as location, time, or direction.

Examples: in, on, at, by.

7. Conjunctions

A conjunction connects words, phrases, or clauses.

Examples: and, but, or, because.

8. Interjections

An interjection expresses emotion or exclamation, often standing alone.

Examples: wow, ouch, hooray.

Conclusion

Understanding the parts of speech is essential for constructing clear and effective sentences. Each category plays a distinct role in the structure of English language, contributing to the overall meaning of the parts of speech

Evaluation

A word that names a person, place, or thing is called a __________.
a) verb
b) adjective
c) noun
d) adverb
In the sentence “She runs quickly,” the word “quickly” is an __________.
a) adjective
b) noun
c) adverb
d) pronoun
The word “them” in the sentence “I saw them at the park” is an example of a __________.
a) noun
b) pronoun
c) verb
d) conjunction
“Jump,” “eat,” and “swim” are all examples of __________.
a) nouns
b) adverbs
c) verbs
d) adjectives
A word that describes a noun is known as a __________.
a) conjunction
b) pronoun
c) verb
d) adjective
The word “beautiful” in the sentence “She has beautiful eyes” is an __________.
a) adverb
b) adjective
c) noun
d) verb
An __________ noun names an idea or concept, not a physical object.
a) abstract
b) concrete
c) common
d) proper
In the sentence “I have a dog,” the word “dog” is a __________.
a) pronoun
b) verb
c) noun
d) conjunction
“Because,” “and,” and “but” are all examples of __________.
a) prepositions
b) conjunctions
c) pronouns
d) adjectives
The word “each” in the phrase “each student” is an example of a __________ pronoun.
a) possessive
b) indefinite
c) relative
d) demonstrative
A __________ verb expresses a physical action.
a) stative
b) dynamic
c) auxiliary
d) linking
The words “I,” “you,” and “he” are examples of __________ pronouns.
a) demonstrative
b) interrogative
c) personal
d) reflexive
In the sentence “She is studying for her exam,” “studying” is the __________ verb.
a) auxiliary
b) main
c) linking
d) stative
“Under,” “between,” and “with” are examples of __________.
a) adverbs
b) prepositions
c) conjunctions
d) adjectives
The phrase “the tallest building” contains a __________ adjective.
a) comparative
b) superlative
c) demonstrative
d) indefinite

1. What are the main parts of speech?

Answer: The main parts of speech are nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections. Each serves a different function in a sentence.

2. What is a noun?

Answer: A noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. Examples include “teacher,” “city,” “apple,” and “happiness.”

3. What is a verb?

Answer: A verb is a word that expresses an action or state of being. Examples include “run,” “is,” and “think.”

4. What is an adjective?

Answer: An adjective is a word that describes or modifies a noun. Examples include “happy,” “blue,” and “tall.”

5. What is an adverb?

Answer: An adverb is a word that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb, often indicating how, when, where, or to what extent. Examples include “quickly,” “very,” and “tomorrow.”

6. What is a pronoun?

Answer: A pronoun is a word that replaces a noun to avoid repetition. Examples include “he,” “she,” “it,” “they,” and “them.”

7. What is a preposition?

Answer: A preposition is a word that shows the relationship between a noun (or pronoun) and other words in a sentence. Examples include “in,” “on,” “at,” “between,” and “under.”

8. What is a conjunction?

Answer: A conjunction is a word that connects words, phrases, or clauses. Common conjunctions include “and,” “but,” and “or.”

9. What is an interjection?

Answer: An interjection is a word or phrase that expresses strong emotion or surprise. Examples include “wow!,” “ouch!,” and “hey!”

10. What is the difference between a common noun and a proper noun?

Answer: A common noun is a general name for a person, place, or thing (e.g., “city”), while a proper noun is a specific name (e.g., “New York”). Proper nouns are always capitalized.

11. What are the different types of verbs?

Answer: Verbs can be classified as action verbs (expressing physical or mental action), linking verbs (connecting the subject to more information), and auxiliary (helping) verbs (assisting the main verb).

12. What is the function of adjectives in a sentence?

Answer: Adjectives provide more information about nouns, answering questions such as “What kind?” “Which one?” or “How many?”

13. Can a word be more than one part of speech?

Answer: Yes, many words can function as different parts of speech depending on their use in a sentence. For example, “run” can be a noun (the act of running) or a verb (to move quickly).

14. What are coordinating and subordinating conjunctions?

Answer: Coordinating conjunctions (like “and,” “but,” “or”) connect equal parts of a sentence, while subordinating conjunctions (like “because,” “although,” “if”) introduce dependent clauses.

15. Why is it important to understand parts of speech?

Answer: Understanding parts of speech helps improve grammar, writing clarity, and comprehension. It allows you to construct sentences more effectively and communicate ideas clearly.