Development of Solid Figures (Cone, Prism, Pyramids, Cylinder Technical Drawing SS 2 First Term Lesson Notes Week 3 and 4
Lesson Plan: Technical Drawing – Week 3 and 4
Subject: Technical Drawing
Class: SS2
Term: First Term
Week: 3 and 4
Age: 16-17 years
Topic: Surface Development
Sub-topic: Development of Solid Figures (Cone, Prism, Pyramids, Cylinder)
Duration: 80 minutes per session
Behavioural Objectives:
By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
- Define and describe various solid figures such as cone, prism, pyramids, and cylinder.
- Construct a complete figure from truncated cone, prisms, pyramids, and cylinders.
Keywords:
Surface development, cone, prism, pyramid, cylinder, truncated solids
Set Induction:
Start with a discussion on everyday objects that resemble solid figures, such as ice cream cones, tents, and cans.
Entry Behaviour:
Students have basic knowledge of geometric shapes and drawing tools.
Learning Resources and Materials:
- Drawing instruments (protractor, compass, T-square, set square, divider, scale, French curve, straight edge)
- Drawing board and paper
- Models of solid figures
- Charts and posters
Building Background/Connection to Prior Knowledge:
Discuss how basic geometric shapes are used in previous topics and real-life applications.
Embedded Core Skills:
- Critical thinking and problem solving
- Communication and collaboration
- Leadership and personal development
Learning Materials:
- Lagos State Scheme of Work for Technical Drawing
- Drawing manuals and textbooks
- Online resources (e.g., slideshare.net)
Instructional Materials:
- Protractor, compass, T-square, set square, divider, scale, French curve, straight edge
- Drawing board, drawing paper, models, charts, posters
Content:
Definitions and Constructions:
- Cone:
- Definition: A cone is a solid figure with a circular base and a single vertex. It is created by rotating a right triangle around one of its legs.
- Construction: To construct a cone, draw a circle for the base and connect the circumference to a single point (the vertex) above the center of the base.
- Applications: Cones are used in various applications such as traffic cones, funnels, and ice cream cones.
- Prism:
- Definition: A prism is a solid figure with two parallel, congruent bases connected by rectangular faces. The bases can be any polygon.
- Construction: To construct a prism, draw the base shape, then draw the same shape parallel to it, and connect the corresponding vertices with straight lines.
- Applications: Prisms are used in optical instruments, buildings, and packaging.
- Pyramids:
- Definition: A pyramid is a solid figure with a polygonal base and triangular faces that meet at a common point (the apex).
- Construction: To construct a pyramid, draw the base shape, then connect each vertex of the base to a single point (the apex) above the center of the base.
- Applications: Pyramids are used in architecture (e.g., Egyptian pyramids), and design structures.
- Cylinder:
- Definition: A cylinder is a solid figure with two parallel, congruent circular bases connected by a curved surface.
- Construction: To construct a cylinder, draw two circles for the bases, then connect the circumferences with straight vertical lines.
- Applications: Cylinders are used in everyday objects such as cans, pipes, and tanks.
Truncated Solids:
- Definition: Truncated solids are shapes that have had one of their parts removed by cutting along a plane.
- Construction: To construct truncated solids, draw the original solid figure and then cut it with a plane to create a new shape.
Evaluation (Fill-in-the-Blank Questions):
- A ________ has a circular base and a single vertex.
a) cone
b) prism
c) pyramid
d) cylinder - A prism has ________ parallel bases.
a) two
b) three
c) four
d) five - The faces of a pyramid are ________.
a) rectangular
b) triangular
c) circular
d) square - A cylinder has ________ bases.
a) triangular
b) rectangular
c) circular
d) polygonal - Truncated solids are created by ________ a part of a solid figure.
a) adding
b) removing
c) rotating
d) scaling - A pyramid has a ________ base.
a) circular
b) polygonal
c) rectangular
d) elliptical - The curved surface of a cylinder connects the two ________.
a) edges
b) vertices
c) bases
d) faces - A cone is created by rotating a ________ around one of its legs.
a) rectangle
b) square
c) triangle
d) circle - Prisms are used in ________ instruments.
a) musical
b) optical
c) electrical
d) mechanical - The apex of a pyramid is the ________ point where all faces meet.
a) lowest
b) central
c) highest
d) base - Cylinders are common in objects like ________.
a) books
b) pipes
c) cubes
d) pyramids - To develop a model of a truncated cone, you need to ________ the original cone.
a) extend
b) cut
c) rotate
d) scale - The bases of a prism can be any ________.
a) circle
b) polygon
c) ellipse
d) arc - A ________ connects the vertex of a pyramid to its base.
a) edge
b) face
c) radius
d) height - The curved surface of a ________ cylinder is created by a rectangle wrapped around the circular bases.
a) hollow
b) solid
c) truncated
d) composite
Class Activity Discussion (FAQs):
- What is a cone?
- A solid figure with a circular base and a single vertex.
- How do you construct a prism?
- By drawing two parallel, congruent bases and connecting their vertices.
- What is a pyramid used for?
- In architecture and design structures like the Egyptian pyramids.
- Why is a cylinder important?
- It’s used in everyday objects like cans, pipes, and tanks.
- How do you make a truncated solid?
- By cutting a part of the original solid figure along a plane.
- What are the faces of a pyramid like?
- They are triangular.
- What tools do you need to draw a cone?
- A compass, protractor, and drawing instruments.
- What is the apex of a pyramid?
- The common point where all triangular faces meet.
- Why are prisms used in optical instruments?
- They help in manipulating light.
- How do you construct a cylinder?
- By drawing two circles for the bases and connecting them with straight lines.
- What is the role of the curved surface in a cylinder?
- It connects the two circular bases.
- How are cones used in everyday life?
- Examples include traffic cones and ice cream cones.
- What are truncated solids?
- Solids with a part removed by cutting along a plane.
- What is the significance of the base in a pyramid?
- It is the foundation that supports the triangular faces.
- Why is it important to understand solid figures in technical drawing?
- It helps in designing and constructing models in engineering and architecture.
Presentation:
Step 1: The teacher revises the previous topic, discussing basic geometric shapes and their properties. Step 2: The teacher introduces the new topic, explaining different types of solid figures and their constructions. Step 3: The teacher allows students to contribute by sharing their ideas on solid figures and corrects them when necessary.
Teacher’s Activities:
- Explain the definitions and constructions of solid figures.
- Demonstrate the use of drawing instruments.
- Guide students in constructing solid figures and their truncated forms.
Learners’ Activities:
- Participate in brainstorming sessions.
- Practice constructing various solid figures.
- Develop models of truncated solid figures.
Assessment:
Evaluation Questions:
- Define a cone.
- What are the practical applications of prisms?
- Describe a pyramid.
- How do you construct a cylinder?
- List the tools needed to draw a truncated cone.
- What is the difference between a cone and a cylinder?
- Explain how truncated solids are used in engineering.
- How can you use a French curve in technical drawing?
- What is the role of the base in a pyramid?
- Describe the process of constructing a truncated prism.
Conclusion:
The teacher goes around to mark learners’ work, takes notes of learners who need help, and makes necessary corrections.