AGRIC SCIENCE EXAM QUESTIONS FOR JSS 2

Part A

OBJECTIVES

Answer the following questions by picking the right option from the given alternatives

1. Fishery refers to the ____________ of fish and other aquatic organisms for commercial or recreational purposes.
(a) breeding
(b) cultivation
(c) harvesting

2. Fish can be classified based on their ____________ habitat.
(a) terrestrial
(b) aquatic
(c) aerial

3. Freshwater fish live in ____________ habitats such as rivers, lakes, and ponds.
(a) terrestrial
(b) aerial
(c) aquatic

4. Marine fish inhabit ____________ habitats such as oceans and seas.
(a) terrestrial
(b) aerial
(c) aquatic

5. Fish can also be classified based on their ____________ characteristics.
(a) reproductive
(b) morphological
(c) respiratory

6. Bony fish have ____________ skeletons, while cartilaginous fish have ____________ skeletons.
(a) cartilaginous; bony
(b) bony; cartilaginous
(c) muscular; bony

7. Fishery involves not only fish but also the ____________ organisms found in aquatic ecosystems.
(a) terrestrial
(b) aerial
(c) other aquatic

8. Fish are used for ____________ purposes such as food and raw materials for various industries.
(a) decorative
(b) recreational
(c) utilitarian

9. Fish provide a rich source of ____________, which is important for human nutrition.
(a) carbohydrates
(b) proteins
(c) vitamins

10. Fish can be processed into various products such as ____________ and fish oil.
(a) textiles
(b) fuels
(c) food supplements

11. Forestry refers to the ____________ and management of forests and woodland resources.
(a) cultivation
(b) exploitation
(c) conservation

12. Forests are used for various purposes such as ____________, timber production, and biodiversity conservation.
(a) urbanization
(b) industrialization
(c) recreation

13. Deforestation has ____________ effects on the environment, including soil erosion and loss of biodiversity.
(a) positive
(b) negative
(c) neutral

14. Logging is a human activity that involves ____________ trees for timber and wood products.
(a) planting
(b) cutting down
(c) conserving

15. Urbanization can lead to the ____________ of forests to make way for infrastructure development.
(a) expansion
(b) conservation
(c) preservation

16. Forests provide ____________ resources such as timber, fuelwood, and non-timber forest products.
(a) aquatic
(b) terrestrial
(c) aerial

17. Forests help regulate ____________ by absorbing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen through photosynthesis.
(a) rainfall
(b) temperature
(c) air quality

18. Agroforestry is a practice that combines ____________ and forestry for sustainable land use.
(a) agriculture
(b) fishery
(c) aquaculture

19. Forest fires can have devastating ____________ on ecosystems and human communities.
(a) benefits
(b) impacts
(c) advantages

20. Sustainable forest management aims to balance ____________ and conservation to ensure long-term forest health.
(a) exploitation
(b) deforestation
(c) urbanization

21. Aquaculture is the ____________ of fish and other aquatic organisms in controlled environments.
(a) harvesting
(b) cultivation
(c) breeding

22. Coral reefs are important ____________ ecosystems that support a diverse range of marine life.
(a) terrestrial
(b) aerial
(c) aquatic

23. Fish waste can be used as a ____________ for plant growth in aquaponics systems.
(a) pollutant
(b) fertilizer
(c) pesticide

24. Overfishing can lead to the ____________ of fish populations and disrupt the balance of aquatic ecosystems.
(a) abundance
(b) decline
(c) conservation

25. Silviculture is the practice of ____________ trees for timber production and forest regeneration.
(a) planting and caring for
(b) cutting down
(c) conserving

26. Forests play a crucial role in ____________ cycles, such as the water cycle and carbon cycle.
(a) terrestrial
(b) aerial
(c) ecosystem

27. Ecotourism involves visiting natural areas, including forests, to appreciate ____________ and promote conservation.
(a) urbanization
(b) biodiversity
(c) deforestation

28. Wildlife poaching is a human activity that involves ____________ protected animal species for illegal trade.
(a) hunting
(b) conserving
(c) planting

29. Forests act as a natural ____________ system, filtering and purifying water for human consumption.
(a) agricultural
(b) urbanization
(c) watershed

30. Forest fragmentation occurs when large forest areas are ____________ into smaller isolated patches.
(a) expanding
(b) preserving
(c) fragmented

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Answers

1. c) harvesting
2. b) aquatic
3. a) terrestrial
4. c) aquatic
5. b) morphological
6. b) bony; a) cartilaginous
7. c) other aquatic
8. c) utilitarian
9. b) proteins
10. c) food supplements and fish oil
11. b) exploitation
12. a) urbanization, timber production, and biodiversity conservation
13. b) negative
14. b) cutting down
15. a) expansion
16. b) terrestrial
17. c) air quality
18. a) agriculture
19. b) impacts
20. a) exploitation
21. b) cultivation
22. c) aquatic
23. b) fertilizer
24. b) decline
25. a) planting and caring for
26. c) ecosystem
27. b) biodiversity
28. a) hunting
29. c) watershed
30. c) fragmented

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Part B

Theory

Certainly! Here is a list of ten WAEC-style theory questions on the topics of fishery and forestry:

Fishery:
1. Define fishery and explain its importance in Nigeria’s agricultural sector.
2. Discuss three classes of fish based on their habitat and provide examples for each class.
3. Describe three morphological features of fish and explain their significance in their aquatic environment.
4. Explain the role of other types of aquatic organisms in fishery and discuss how they contribute to the ecosystem.
5. Discuss four different uses of fish, highlighting their economic, nutritional, and cultural significance.

Forestry:
6. Define forestry and explain its importance in sustainable land management.
7. Discuss three primary uses of forests, including economic, environmental, and social benefits.
8. Explain two negative effects of deforestation on the environment and the consequences for both humans and ecosystems.
9. Identify and discuss three human activities that negatively impact forest ecosystems and contribute to deforestation.
10. Propose three measures that can be taken to promote sustainable forestry practices and mitigate deforestation.

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Answer

Fishery:
1. Fishery is the activity of harvesting and managing fish and other aquatic organisms for commercial or recreational purposes. In Nigeria, fishery plays a crucial role in the agricultural sector as it provides a significant source of income, employment, and protein-rich food for the population.

2. Classes of fish based on their habitat include freshwater fish, marine fish, and brackish water fish. Examples of freshwater fish are tilapia, catfish, and trout. Marine fish include tuna, cod, and salmon. Brackish water fish live in areas where freshwater and saltwater mix, such as mangrove swamps, and include species like snook and mudskippers.

3. Morphological features of fish include fins, gills, and scales. Fins allow fish to maneuver and maintain balance in water. Gills are respiratory organs that enable fish to extract oxygen from the water. Scales protect the fish’s body and reduce friction as they swim through the water.

4. Other types of aquatic organisms play significant roles in fishery and contribute to the ecosystem. Phytoplankton and algae are primary producers that form the base of the aquatic food chain. Zooplankton and small invertebrates serve as prey for fish, while larger predators such as birds and marine mammals may feed on fish.

5. Fish have various uses. They are an important source of protein and essential nutrients for human consumption. They provide income and livelihoods through commercial fishing activities. Fish byproducts are used in the production of fishmeal, fish oil, and other products. In addition, fish have cultural significance in traditional practices, festivals, and rituals.

Forestry:
6. Forestry is the science and practice of managing and utilizing forests and woodland resources in a sustainable manner. It involves activities such as forest conservation, timber production, wildlife management, and biodiversity conservation.

7. Forests have multiple uses. Economically, they provide timber and non-timber forest products, including fuelwood, medicinal plants, and raw materials for various industries. Forests contribute to environmental benefits such as carbon sequestration, soil conservation, and regulation of water cycles. They also provide recreational and cultural benefits, including ecotourism, biodiversity conservation, and preservation of cultural heritage.

8. Deforestation has negative effects on the environment. It leads to soil erosion, loss of biodiversity, disruption of ecosystems, and changes in climate patterns. Deforestation also affects humans by reducing access to forest resources, increasing the risk of natural disasters, and contributing to climate change through the release of carbon dioxide.

9. Human activities that negatively impact forest ecosystems and contribute to deforestation include illegal logging, agricultural expansion through slash-and-burn practices, mining operations, and infrastructure development. Poor land-use planning, unsustainable farming methods, and inadequate forest management policies also contribute to deforestation.

10. Measures to promote sustainable forestry practices and mitigate deforestation include implementing reforestation and afforestation programs, promoting sustainable logging practices, enforcing strict regulations against illegal logging, supporting community-based forest management initiatives, and raising awareness about the importance of forest conservation through education and public campaigns.

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