PRIMARY 4 THIRD TERM LESSON NOTE AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE

Primary 4 Third Term Lesson Notes Agricultural Science With Evaluation Questions

Week 1

Welcome Test

1. Simple farm tools are ______________ used on the farm to make it easier for farmers.
a) complex machines
b) heavy equipment
c) simple machines
d) high-tech gadgets

2. Examples of simple farm tools include _______________.
a) computers and laptops
b) hammers and nails
c) tractors and bulldozers
d) cutlass and hoe

3. ____________ is used for catching and collecting fish from the river.
a) Cutlass
b) Hoe
c) Fishing net
d) Shovel

4. The ____________ is used for breaking up hard soil and digging up roots and tree stumps.
a) Sickle
b) Harvester
c) Pickaxe
d) Watering can

5. The ____________ is used for applying water to crops like seedlings in a nursery and vegetables.
a) Mattocks
b) Crowbar
c) Watering can
d) Spade

6. A ____________ is a container made of plastic or metal used for holding water or drugs for animals.
a) Basket
b) Headpan
c) Drinking trough
d) Hand trowel

7. ____________ are used for trimming flowers and pruning branches of shrubs and trees.
a) Hooks and lines
b) Traps
c) Secateurs
d) Axes

8. The purpose of maintaining and caring for farm tools is to ______________.
a) increase their cost
b) make them rusty
c) reduce durability
d) improve their efficiency

9. One of the ways to control weeds is through _______________.
a) chemical control measures
b) promoting their growth
c) leaving them unattended
d) using them for decoration

10. Weeds reduce crop yield by competing for ___________, ___________, ___________, and ___________.
a) water, sunlight, nutrients, space
b) fertilizer, seeds, equipment, air
c) pesticides, machinery, soil, tools
d) animals, birds, insects, humans

11. ____________ is a plant growing where it is not wanted.
a) Weed
b) Flower
c) Tree
d) Grass

12. Cultural control is a method of weed control that involves ______________.
a) using chemicals
b) manual labor
c) genetic modification
d) leaving weeds untouched

13. Mechanical control of weeds can be done through ______________.
a) hand pulling and hoeing
b) spraying herbicides
c) planting more crops
d) promoting weed growth

14. Weeds have characteristics such as ____________, ____________, and ____________.
a) slow growth, small size, bright colors
b) high value, rapid reproduction, good taste
c) abundant seed production, rapid population establishment, seed dormancy
d) resistance to pesticides, large leaves, strong fragrance

15. Weeds can cause problems in agriculture, such as _______________.
a) improving crop quality
b) providing shelter for beneficial insects
c) reducing crop yield and quality
d) promoting a healthy ecosystem

[mediator_tech]

WEEK 2

Topic:  Farm tools

Subtitle: Simple farm tools

Learning Objectives: At the end of this  lesson, pupils should be able to:

1.Define simple farm tools

2. List some examples of simple farm tools

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS:

The teacher will teach the lesson with the aid of: charts and pictures showing the different types of house.

Resources and Materials:

Scheme of work

All relevant materials

9-Years Basic Education Curriculum

Online information

.Building Background/connection to prior knowledge: pupils are familiar with the topic in their previous classes.

Content

FARM’S TOPIC TODAY IS SIMPLE FARM TOOL

Simple farm tools are tools or simple machines that are used on the farm to make it easier for farmers to use. There are many tools used on farms that are not “farm only” or that is assigned to a particular use like that of shovels, brooms ,rakes etc but they have their own place on farms. They can be used easily by peasant farmers to produce food crops such as rice, beans, that can be eaten by the family and not for sell.

Farm tools are simple or small equipment operated by hand to carry out agricultural activities. The farm tools we are referring to are the ones that are powered by human energy and muscle.

Farm

Examples of simple farm tools

• Cutlass

• Hoe

• Shovel.

• Spade.

• Watering can

• Take

• Broom

• Sickle

• Harvester

• Headpan

• Axe

• Hand trowel

• Garden fork

• Mattocks

• Crowbar

• Pickaxe

[mediator_tech]

Evaluation

1. Simple farm tools are used on the farm to make it easier for ______________ to use.
a) animals
b) crops
c) farmers
d) machines

2. ______________ is an example of a simple farm tool used for cutting grass and crops.
a) Cutlass
b) Hoe
c) Shovel
d) Spade

3. The tool with a long handle and a curved blade used for digging and breaking up soil is called a ______________.
a) Cutlass
b) Hoe
c) Watering can
d) Headpan

4. A ______________ is a simple farm tool used for carrying and pouring water onto plants.
a) Spade
b) Watering can
c) Sickle
d) Broom

5. The tool with a sharp, curved blade used for harvesting crops like rice and wheat is called a ______________.
a) Harvester
b) Axe
c) Hand trowel
d) Sickle

6. ______________ is a simple farm tool used for sweeping and cleaning the farm.
a) Broom
b) Pickaxe
c) Mattocks
d) Crowbar

7. The tool with a flat, rectangular blade and a long handle used for digging and moving soil is called a ______________.
a) Hoe
b) Shovel
c) Headpan
d) Garden fork

8. A ______________ is a simple farm tool used for loosening and turning the soil.
a) Watering can
b) Shovel
c) Pickaxe
d) Mattocks

9. The tool with a curved, pointed blade used for cutting crops and weeds close to the ground is called a ______________.
a) Harvester
b) Sickle
c) Hand trowel
d) Crowbar

10. A ______________ is a simple farm tool used for carrying harvested crops or other materials.
a) Broom
b) Headpan
c) Pickaxe
d) Axe

11. The tool with a sharp blade and a long handle used for chopping wood and cutting trees is called an ______________.
a) Axe
b) Hand trowel
c) Garden fork
d) Mattocks

12. A ______________ is a simple farm tool used for transplanting seedlings and digging small holes.
a) Shovel
b) Hoe
c) Hand trowel
d) Watering can

13. The tool with a forked end and a long handle used for turning and aerating the soil is called a ______________.
a) Pickaxe
b) Crowbar
c) Garden fork
d) Sickle

14. A ______________ is a simple farm tool used for breaking up hard soil and rocks.
a) Mattocks
b) Headpan
c) Sickle
d) Harvester

15. The tool with a pointed end and a flat, wide blade used for breaking up hard ground and digging trenches is called a ______________.
a) Pickaxe
b) Crowbar
c) Garden fork
d) Mattocks

[mediator_tech]

Strategies& Activities:

Step: Teacher revises the previous topic.

Step 2: Teacher introduces the new topic.

Step 3: Teacher explains the new topic.

Step 4: Teacher welcomes pupils questions.

Step 5: Teacher evaluates the pupils.

Assessment & Evaluation:

1.Define simple farm tools

2. list some examples of simple farm tools

(WRAP-UP CONCLUSION)

Teacher goes over the topic once again to enhance better understanding.

ASSIGNMENT

1. Define simple farm tools
2. Mention 10 simple farm tools

WEEK 3 AND WEEK 4

Topic:  Animal Farm tools

Subtitle: Uses of animal farm tools

Learning Objectives: At the end of this  lesson, pupils should be able to:

1.Define simple animals farm tools

2. list some examples of simple animal farm tools.
3. State the description of some simple animal farm tools

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS:

The teacher will teach the lesson with the aid of: charts and pictures showing the different types of house.

Resources and Materials:

Scheme of work

All relevant materials

9-Years Basic Education Curriculum

Online information

.Building Background/connection to prior knowledge: pupils are familiar with the topic in their previous classes.

Content

ANIMAL FARM TOOLS AND THEIR USES

Animal farm tools

1. Fishing nets
2. Traps

iii. Hook and line

1. Basket
2. Watering troughs
3. Feeding troughs, etc.

Major uses of Animal Farm Tools
i. Drinking trough: Holds water or drugs for animals.

1. Feeding trough: Holds feeds (foods) or drugs for animals

iii. Fishing net: It is used for catching and collecting fish from the river
iv. Battery cage: for keeping poultry (birds) – Observe the wind

[mediator_tech]

Evaluation

1. Animal farm tools such as fishing nets and traps are used for ______________.
a) catching and collecting fish
b) watering animals
c) feeding animals
d) holding water or drugs

2. The tool used for holding water or drugs for animals is called a ______________.
a) Fishing net
b) Traps
c) Watering trough
d) Feeding trough

3. The major use of a feeding trough is to ______________.
a) catch fish
b) collect water for animals
c) hold feeds or drugs for animals
d) keep poultry in battery cages

4. A ______________ is used for catching and collecting fish from the river.
a) Fishing net
b) Traps
c) Hook and line
d) Basket

5. ______________ are used to hold water or drugs for animals.
a) Watering troughs
b) Feeding troughs
c) Fishing nets
d) Traps

6. The tool used for keeping poultry in cages is called a ______________.
a) Fishing net
b) Traps
c) Battery cage
d) Watering trough

7. A ______________ is used for holding feeds or drugs for animals.
a) Fishing net
b) Traps
c) Watering trough
d) Feeding trough

8. ______________ are used for watering animals.
a) Fishing nets
b) Traps
c) Watering troughs
d) Feeding troughs

9. The tool used for catching animals in a controlled manner is called a ______________.
a) Fishing net
b) Traps
c) Hook and line
d) Basket

10. The tool used for collecting water for animals is called a ______________.
a) Fishing net
b) Traps
c) Watering trough
d) Feeding trough

11. A ______________ is used for catching and collecting fish from the river.
a) Fishing net
b) Traps
c) Hook and line
d) Basket

12. The major use of a drinking trough is to ______________.
a) catch fish
b) hold water or drugs for animals
c) hold feeds or drugs for animals
d) keep poultry in battery cages

13. ______________ are used for holding feeds or drugs for animals.
a) Watering troughs
b) Feeding troughs
c) Fishing nets
d) Traps

14. The tool used for keeping poultry in cages is called a ______________.
a) Fishing net
b) Traps
c) Battery cage
d) Watering trough

15. A ______________ is used for holding water or drugs for animals.
a) Fishing net
b) Traps
c) Watering trough
d) Feeding trough

Strategies& Activities:

Step: Teacher revises the previous topic.

Step 2: Teacher introduces the new topic.

Step 3: Teacher explains the new topic.

Step 4: Teacher welcomes pupils questions.

Step 5: Teacher evaluates the pupils.

Assessment & Evaluation:

1.Define simple animals farm tools

2. list some examples of simple animal farm tools.
3. State the description of some simple animal farm tools

(WRAP-UP CONCLUSION)

Teacher goes over the topic once again to enhance better understanding.

ASSIGNMENT

List 4 example of animal farm tools

Describe the following

Battery cage

Fishing net

Drinking trough

WEEK 4&5

Topic:  Farm tools

Subtitle: Simple farm tools

Learning Objectives: At the end of this  lesson, pupils should be able to:

1.Define simple farm tools

2. list some examples of simple farm tools.
3. State the description of some farm tools

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS:

The teacher will teach the lesson with the aid of: charts and pictures showing the different types of house.

Resources and Materials:

Scheme of work

All relevant materials

9-Years Basic Education Curriculum

Online information

Building Background/connection to prior knowledge: pupils are familiar with the topic in their previous classes.

Content

FARM TOOLS
Farm tools are instruments we use in the farm to aid us in farm work, thereby making it easy. Such equipments include cutlass, wheel barrow hoe, shovel and axe
DESCRIPTION OF SIMPLS FARM TOOLS
PICK AXE
The pick axe is made up of a long wooden handle with a double headed thick metal blade that is attached to the handle through a loop.

The head of the pick axe is made up of two edges, one part of the end of the blade is pointed, while the other end is flat and sharp edged. They are mainly used for breaking up of hard soil, and digging up of roots and tree stumps.

HAND FORK
When it is viewed, the hand fork, looks like the kitchen fork we eat with, just that it is a little bit bigger, it has a short wooden or metal handle with four prongs. It is used in mixing manure into the soil, for breaking the surface of the soil, so that air and water, can pass easily and it is also used for the removal of weeds on the seed bed.

HAND TROWEL
It is boat shaped or it is either curved sloop metal blade that is attached to a short wooden or metal handle. When using it, you hold it with one hand. It helps in the transplanting of seedlings, for the application of fertilizer and also for the application of manure to the soil, it helps in loosening vegetable beds, it can also be used for light weeding, sampling or mixing up of soil and digging holes for the planting of seeds.

THE SICKLE
The sickle has a curved metal blade that is fitted into a short wooden handle. The inner part of the curved metal blade is very sharp while the other part, has a blunt edge.

To recognise a sickle when been viewed, it has a structure like that of a question mark (?). It used in the plucking of fruits. This can only be possible, when it is tied to a long handle, it can also be used to harvest cereals like rice, wheat barley because they possess thin stems. It can also be used in the harvest of grasses.

THE HAMMER
It is made up of a thick heavy metal head that is fitted into a straight wooden or metal handle. At the end of the thick heavy metal there is a prong which is used for the removal of nails. The hammer can be used for driving nails into wooden structures whether in the farm or at home, it can also be used to straighten damaged or bent components of either farm implements or our home furnitures. It can also be used in the removal of nails from wood.

THE MALLET
It is made up of a large head with a wooden handle that is similar to that of a hammer. The entire body is made up of wood. It is solely used for the hitting of woods like pegs, so that they would not be damaged in the process, when they are been hit into the ground.

SECATEURS
The secateurs are made up of two metal blades of which one has a concave curve while the other has a convex curve that are joined together at a point. It has two short metal handles with a spring in between them when handling it; you handle with one hand, while the plant branch to be cut is held with the other free hand.

To recognise the secateurs it looks like a pair of scissors. It is used for trimming flowers and the pruning of the branches of shrubs and trees.

THE SHEARS
It is seen as a pair of an enlarged pair of scissors with two long blades, connected at a appoint by a bolt and a nut of which the blades are sharpened at one edge not the two sides in other not to injure some one.

The handle of the shears may be made of wood, metal, plastic or rubber. It is usually handled with both hands. Shears are used to prune down trees or branches of shrubs, trimming of hedges and trimming of Ornamental plants used in house decoration.

WATERING CAN
It is made up of galvanized iron which prevents it from rusting. Some are also made of very synthetic rubber. The water watering can is made up of a tank, a handle and a spout. This spout is long with a perforated metal sheet over its mouth which is referred to as the ROSE, but in case of the rubber made watering can the mouth is covered by a rubber.

It is used to apply water to crops like seedlings in a nursery and vegetables. Some times it is used in applying liquid fertilizers to crops as well as the watering of cement blocks used for the constructions of structures and buildings.

CUTLASS
The cutlass is one of the commonest used farm tools in Nigeria. They come in various shapes and sizes. It is a flat long metal blade with a short wooden or plastic handle with one edge sharp while the other is blunt.

They perform many functions. It is used for the clearing of bushes around your homes, for the felling of big trees. It is used in harvesting crops like sugar cane, maize, cassava, yam and palm nut fruits. It is also used in the planting of melon during the planting season, cutlass can also be used for the transplanting of seedlings, weeding of crops, both in the digging of shallow holes and used in the trimming and pruning of flowers.

THE HOE
Hoe comes in different types, which are used in Nigeria today. There is the West African hoe and the Indian hoe. They both have metal blades with a wooden or metal blades.

Hoes are used in tilling the soil, harvesting of crops like cassava, sweet potato and cocoyam, weeding between the rows of crops, digging of drains, making trenches and foundation of farm houses, and the making of ridges and mounds.

The hoes all over the world perform the same function but we are going to differentiate them the West African hoe is made of short curve handle while the Indian hoe has a long handle.

The West African hoe has a round metal blade while the Indian hoe has a rectangular metal blade. The blade (metal) is attached to the handle with a prong while that of the Indian hoe is attached to the handle with a hoop.

THE SPADE
The spade is made up of a long rectangular flat blade which is attached to a fairly long cylindrical handle that widens at the posterior end to form a triangular block with a D-shaped whole for hand when used.

Spade is used for different proposes. It can be used for digging of holes and trenches around us, for leveling the ground, for making seedbeds, ridges, mounds and heaps, transplanting of seedlings like palm oil seedlings, turning the soil and the mixing of manures, light weeding in the farm and at home, mixing of cement and concrete for farm and home structures and the digging of foundations when constructing farm and home buildings.

[mediator_tech]

1. The pick axe is made up of a long wooden handle with a _______________.
a) single-headed thin metal blade
b) double-headed thick metal blade
c) curved metal blade
d) flat and sharp-edged metal blade

2. The hand fork has a short wooden or metal handle with _______________.
a) two prongs
b) three prongs
c) four prongs
d) five prongs

3. The hand trowel has a boat-shaped or curved _______________ blade.
a) plastic
b) wooden
c) metal
d) rubber

4. The sickle has a curved metal blade that is fitted into a _______________ handle.
a) long plastic
b) short wooden
c) long metal
d) short rubber

5. The hammer is made up of a thick heavy metal head that is fitted into a straight _______________ handle.
a) plastic
b) wooden
c) metal
d) rubber

6. The mallet is made up of a large head with a _______________ handle.
a) plastic
b) wooden
c) metal
d) rubber

7. The secateurs are made up of two metal blades joined together at a _______________.
a) point
b) curve
c) prong
d) hoop

8. The shears are seen as a pair of an enlarged pair of scissors with two _______________ blades.
a) short
b) long
c) curved
d) straight

9. The watering can is made up of a tank, a handle, and a _______________.
a) spade
b) hoe
c) shovel
d) spout

10. The cutlass is a flat long metal blade with a short wooden or plastic _______________.
a) blade
b) handle
c) prong
d) spout

11. The hoe comes in different types, such as the West African hoe and the _______________.
a) Indian hoe
b) European hoe
c) American hoe
d) Asian hoe

12. The spade is made up of a long rectangular flat blade attached to a _______________ handle.
a) short cylindrical
b) long cylindrical
c) short triangular
d) long triangular

13. The spade is used for digging holes, making seedbeds, and _______________.
a) pruning branches
b) cutting grass
c) mixing cement
d) watering plants

14. The hoe is used for tilling the soil, harvesting crops, and _______________.
a) leveling the ground
b) catching fish
c) trimming flowers
d) cutting wood

15. The watering can is used to apply water to crops and _______________.
a) feed animals
b) mix manure
c) plant seeds
d) harvest fruits

Strategies& Activities:

Step: Teacher revises the previous topic.

Step 2: Teacher introduces the new topic.

Step 3: Teacher explains the new topic.

Step 4: Teacher welcomes pupils questions.

Step 5: Teacher evaluates the pupils.

Assessment & Evaluation:

1.Define simple farm tools

2. list some examples of simple farm tools

(WRAP-UP CONCLUSION)

Teacher goes over the topic once again to enhance better understanding.

ASSIGNMENT

1. Define simple farm tools
2. Mention 10 simple farm tools
3. Describe how the following farm tools are used on the farm
   • Watering can
   • Cutlass
   • Pick axe

WEEK 6

Topic:  Farm tools

Subtitle: Simple animal farm tools

Learning Objectives: At the end of this  lesson, pupils should be able to:

1.Define simple animals farm tools

2. list some examples of simple animal farm tools.
3. State the description of some simple animal farm tools

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS:

The teacher will teach the lesson with the aid of: charts and pictures showing the different types of house.

Resources and Materials:

Scheme of work

All relevant materials

9-Years Basic Education Curriculum

Online information

Building Background/connection to prior knowledge: pupils are familiar with the topic in their previous classes.

Content

Description of animal farm tools

1. Feeding trough: it is also a container made of plastic or metal.
2. Fishing net: this is made of woven ropes: There are scoop net, gills net and cast net.
3. Battery cage: it is made of metal with several partitions with feeding and drinking troughs attached to it. Etc

[mediator_tech]

1. The feeding trough is a container made of _______________.
a) glass
b) plastic
c) wood
d) rubber

2. The fishing net is made of woven _______________.
a) metal wires
b) plastic threads
c) cotton fibers
d) leather strips

3. The fishing net can be categorized into scoop net, gills net, and _______________.
a) cast net
b) drag net
c) dip net
d) seine net

4. The battery cage is made of _______________.
a) wood
b) plastic
c) metal
d) bamboo

5. The battery cage has several partitions with feeding and _______________ troughs attached to it.
a) watering
b) bathing
c) nesting
d) grooming

6. The watering trough holds _______________ for animals.
a) air
b) water
c) medicine
d) food

7. The battery cage is commonly used for keeping _______________.
a) crops
b) livestock
c) birds
d) fish

8. The feeding trough holds feeds or _______________ for animals.
a) toys
b) tools
c) drugs
d) bedding

9. The fishing net is used for catching and collecting _______________.
a) crops
b) insects
c) fish
d) birds

10. The battery cage is designed with multiple partitions to _______________.
a) separate different species
b) provide ventilation
c) increase visibility
d) reduce maintenance

Strategies& Activities:

Step: Teacher revises the previous topic.

Step 2: Teacher introduces the new topic.

Step 3: Teacher explains the new topic.

Step 4: Teacher welcomes pupils questions.

Step 5: Teacher evaluates the pupils.

Assessment & Evaluation:

1.Define simple animals farm tools

2. list some examples of simple animal farm tools.
3. State the description of some simple animal farm tools

(WRAP-UP CONCLUSION)

Teacher goes over the topic once again to enhance better understanding.

ASSIGNMENT

List 4 example of animal farm tools

Describe the following

• Battery cage

• Fishing net

• Drinking trough

WEEK 8&9

Topic: Farm tools

Subtitle: Maintenance of farm and animal tools

Learning Objectives: At the end of this  lesson, pupils should be able to:

1. List the maintenance of farm and animal tools
2. list some reasons for maintaining and  caring for farm and animal tools
3. State some way we can control farm and animal tools

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS:

The teacher will teach the lesson with the aid of: charts and pictures showing the different types of house.

Resources and Materials:

Scheme of work

All relevant materials

9-Years Basic Education Curriculum

Online information

.Building Background/connection to prior knowledge: pupils are familiar with the topic in their previous classes.

Content

MAINTENANCE OF FARM AND ANIMAL TOOLS

The following are ways we can care and maintain crop and animal farm tools in other for them to work effectively and prevent them from getting damaged.

I .Clean the tools after use by washing and drying them under the sun or in a cool place.

1. Use the tools for the purpose for  which they are made.

Iii. Store tools cleaned,in a safe and dry place after use.

1. Sharpen the tools in a termite free area.
2. Repair all broken or damaged parts.
3. Oil and grease or lubricate moveable parts of the tools to reduce friction.

vii. Keep records of the movement of farm tools.

viii. Do not store in  head pans and watering cans place upside down after use to ensure proper drying

1. Do not leave tools with  sharp parts carelessly around.
2. Do not allow children to play with tools.

REASONS FOR MAINTAINING AND CARING FOR FARM TOOLS

*To reduce durability

*T o increase efficiency

*Reduce cost of replacement

*For safety of the user/avoid accidents.

*Avoid damage to the  tools.

CONTROL MEASURES OF FARM AND ANIMALS TOOLS.

Farm and animals tools can be controlled using;

1. Biological control measures
2. Cultural control measures

iii. chemical  control measures

Farm and animal tools can be controlled using the following:

* Biological control measures: since some of the farm tools parts are made of wood and some insect, bacterial, termite attack wood . Such tool can be maintained by using bio control agent to prevent wood decainfection by using antifungal antibiotics like antinomycetes and streptomyces.

* Cultural control measures; is done by ensuring all farm tool are clean and kept in the right place after use to prevent damages and accident.

* Chemical control measures: chemical preventive methods are used on farm tools to prevent them from decaying and rusting by applying chemical during or after production of the farm tools. Like applying paint on some part of the farm tools to prevent it from rusting.

[mediator_tech]

1. After use, it is important to clean the tools by washing and _______________ them.
a) drying
b) painting
c) sharpening
d) dismantling

2. Tools should be used for the purpose for which they are _______________.
a) designed
b) manufactured
c) purchased
d) stored

3. Cleaned tools should be stored in a safe and _______________ place.
a) wet
b) dirty
c) windy
d) dry

4. Tools should be sharpened in a termite-free _______________.
a) workshop
b) field
c) store
d) area

5. It is important to repair all _______________ or damaged parts of the tools.
a) new
b) lost
c) broken
d) unused

6. Moveable parts of the tools should be _______________ with oil or grease to reduce friction.
a) replaced
b) cleaned
c) tightened
d) lubricated

7. Keeping records of the movement of farm tools helps with _______________.
a) maintenance
b) cleaning
c) storage
d) usage

8. After use, head pans and watering cans should be placed upside down to ensure proper _______________.
a) usage
b) drying
c) cleaning
d) storage

9. Tools with sharp parts should not be left _______________ around.
a) hidden
b) scattered
c) exposed
d) cleaned

10. Children should not be allowed to _______________ with tools.
a) repair
b) play
c) clean
d) use

Strategies& Activities:

Step: Teacher revises the previous topic.

Step 2: Teacher introduces the new topic.

Step 3: Teacher explains the new topic.

Step 4: Teacher welcomes pupils questions.

Step 5: Teacher evaluates the pupils.

Assessment & Evaluation:

1.Define simple animals farm tools

2. list some examples of simple animal farm tools.
3. State the description of some simple animal farm tools

(WRAP-UP CONCLUSION)

Teacher goes over the topic once again to enhance better understanding.

ASSIGNMENT

WEEK 10&11

Topic: WEED

Subtitle: Meaning of weed

Learning Objectives: At the end of this  lesson, pupils should be able to:

1. Define weed
2. State 3 measures of controlling weeds
3. State the characteristics of weed

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS:

The teacher will teach the lesson with the aid of: charts and pictures showing the different types of house.

Resources and Materials:

Scheme of work

All relevant materials

9-Years Basic Education Curriculum

Online information

Building Background/connection to prior knowledge: pupils are familiar with the topic in their previous classes.

Content

Description of a Weed

There are numerous definitions of a weed, including:

• a plant out of place and not intentionally sown

• a plant growing where it is not wanted

• a plant whose virtues have not yet been discovered. (R.W.Emerson)

• plants that are competitive, persistent, pernicious, and interfere negatively with human activity (Ross, et. al.)

Cultural weed control – One of the easiest ways to control weeds is through prevention or cultural control. Close planting in the garden can reduce weed growth by eliminating open space. Cover crops are good for this as well. Adding mulch will prevent light from getting to weed seeds and prevents growth. Mechanical weed control –

Mechanical control of common weed plants can be accomplished through hand pulling, hoeing, digging or mowing (which slows growth and reduces seed formation). While these methods are effective, they can be time consuming.

Chemical weed control

Characteristics of weeds

Certain characteristics are associated with and allow the survival of weeds. Weeds posses one or more of the following:

1. a) abundant seed production;
   b) rapid population establishment;
   c) seed dormancy;
   d) long-term survival of buried seed;
   e) adaptation for spread;
   f) presence of vegetative reproductive structures; and
   g) ability to occupy sites disturbed by human activities.

Weeds are troublesome in many ways. Primarily, they reduce crop yield by competing for water, light, soil nutrients, and space. Other problems associated with weeds in agriculture include:

1. a) reduced crop quality by contaminating the commodity;
   b) interference with harvest;
   c) serve as hosts for crop diseases or provide shelter for insects to
   overwinter;
   d) limit the choice of crop rotation sequences and cultural
   practices; and
   e) production of chemical substances which are toxic to crop plants
   (allelopathy), animals, or humans.

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1. Close planting in the garden helps to reduce weed growth by eliminating _______________ space.
a) open
b) crowded
c) shaded
d) elevated

2. Cover crops are beneficial in weed control because they _______________.
a) prevent seed formation
b) attract beneficial insects
c) reduce soil erosion
d) provide shade for weeds

3. Adding mulch to the soil helps to prevent weed growth by _______________.
a) providing nutrients to weeds
b) promoting seed dormancy
c) blocking light from reaching weed seeds
d) increasing water availability for weeds

4. Mechanical weed control methods include hand pulling, _______________, digging, and mowing.
a) spraying
b) watering
c) fertilizing
d) hoeing

5. Chemical weed control involves the use of _______________ to kill or suppress weeds.
a) fertilizers
b) cover crops
c) organic matter
d) herbicides

6. Weeds possess characteristics such as abundant _______________ production.
a) seed
b) flower
c) leaf
d) root

7. Rapid population _______________ allows weeds to quickly establish and spread.
a) control
b) establishment
c) reduction
d) isolation

8. Some weeds have the ability to survive for a long time as buried _______________.
a) roots
b) stems
c) leaves
d) seeds

9. Weeds have adaptations for _______________ to new areas.
a) destruction
b) invasion
c) eradication
d) conservation

10. Weeds can limit the choice of crop rotation sequences and cultural practices by _______________.
a) competing for nutrients
b) providing shade for crops
c) attracting beneficial insects
d) improving soil fertility

Strategies& Activities:

Step: Teacher revises the previous topic.

Step 2: Teacher introduces the new topic.

Step3: Teacher explains the new topic.

Step4: Teacher welcomes pupils questions.

Step5: Teacher evaluates the pupils.

Assessment & Evaluation:

1. Define weed
2. State 3 measures of controlling weeds
3. State the characteristics of weed

Wrap up(conclusion)

Teacher goes over the topic once again to enhance better understanding.

ASSIGNMENT

1. Define weed
2. State 3 measures of controlling weeds
3. State the characteristics of weed

[mediator_tech]

1. Simple farm tools are used on the farm to make it easier for _______________.
a) farmers to use
b) animals to work
c) crops to grow
d) machines to operate

2. Farm tools operated by hand are powered by _______________.
a) human energy and muscle
b) electricity
c) solar power
d) wind energy

3. Examples of simple farm tools include cutlass, hoe, shovel, and _______________.
a) rake
b) hammer
c) screwdriver
d) computer

4. The pick axe is made up of a long wooden handle with a double-headed thick metal blade that is attached to the handle through a _______________.
a) loop
b) hook
c) chain
d) hinge

5. The hand fork is used for mixing _______________ into the soil.
a) water
b) seeds
c) manure
d) fertilizer

6. The hand trowel is used for transplanting seedlings and digging holes for _______________.
a) watering
b) weeding
c) pruning
d) planting seeds

7. The sickle has a curved metal blade that is used for _______________ fruits and harvesting cereals.
a) plucking
b) cutting
c) peeling
d) cooking

8. The hammer is used for driving nails into _______________ structures.
a) wooden
b) metal
c) concrete
d) glass

9. The secateurs are used for trimming _______________ and pruning branches of shrubs and trees.
a) flowers
b) vegetables
c) fruits
d) weeds

10. The cutlass is commonly used for clearing bushes, harvesting crops, and _______________.
a) painting walls
b) repairing fences
c) cooking meals
d) trimming hedges

11. The hoe is used for tilling the soil, weeding between the rows of crops, and _______________.
a) watering plants
b) harvesting fruits
c) building houses
d) making ridges and mounds

12. Mechanical weed control methods include hand pulling, _______________, digging, and mowing.
a) spraying
b) watering
c) fertilizing
d) hoeing

13. Chemical weed control involves the use of _______________ to kill or suppress weeds.
a) fertilizers
b) cover crops
c) organic matter
d) herbicides

14. Weeds possess characteristics such as abundant _______________ production.
a) seed
b) flower
c) leaf
d) root

15. Rapid population _______________ allows weeds to quickly establish and spread.
a) control
b) establishment
c) reduction
d) isolation

16. Some weeds have the ability to survive for a long time as buried _______________.
a) roots
b) stems
c) leaves
d) seeds

17. Weeds have adaptations for _______________ to new areas.
a) destruction
b) invasion
c) eradication
d) conservation

18. Weeds can limit the choice of crop rotation sequences and cultural practices by _______________.
a) competing for nutrients
b) providing shade for crops
c) attracting beneficial

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19. Weeds reduce crop yield by competing for water, light, soil nutrients, and _______________.
a) space
b) air
c) pesticides
d) machinery

20. Weeds can contaminate the crop and reduce its _______________.
a) size
b) taste
c) color
d) smell

21. Mechanical weed control methods, such as hoeing and digging, can be _______________.
a) time-consuming
b) cost-effective
c) automated
d) harmful to crops

22. Adding mulch to the garden helps prevent weed growth by blocking _______________.
a) pests
b) sunlight
c) rainfall
d) nutrients

23. Cover crops are beneficial for weed control because they _______________.
a) provide shade
b) compete for resources
c) attract beneficial insects
d) produce natural herbicides

24. Chemical weed control involves the use of _______________ to kill or suppress weeds.
a) pesticides
b) fertilizers
c) antibiotics
d) fungicides

25. Weeds serve as hosts for crop diseases or provide shelter for insects to _______________.
a) migrate
b) reproduce
c) hibernate
d) pollinate

26. Weeds can produce chemical substances that are toxic to crop plants, animals, or _______________.
a) humans
b) insects
c) birds
d) rodents

27. Close planting in the garden can reduce weed growth by eliminating _______________.
a) competition
b) nutrients
c) open space
d) irrigation

28. To maintain farm tools, it is important to clean them after use by washing and _______________.
a) polishing
b) oiling
c) drying
d) sharpening

29. Storing cleaned tools in a safe and dry place after use helps prevent _______________.
a) rusting
b) breakage
c) theft
d) contamination

30. Sharpening tools in a termite-free area helps maintain their _______________.
a) strength
b) color
c) sharpness
d) flexibility

31. Repairing all broken or damaged parts of farm tools ensures their _______________.
a) longevity
b) accuracy
c) versatility
d) effectiveness

32. Oiling and greasing or lubricating movable parts of tools helps reduce _______________.
a) friction
b) rust
c) weight
d) noise

33. Keeping records of the movement of farm tools helps in _______________.
a) inventory management
b) financial planning
c) crop rotation
d) pest control

34. Placing head pans and watering cans upside down after use helps ensure _______________.
a) proper drying
b) storage efficiency
c) easy cleaning
d) child safety

35. Leaving tools with sharp parts carelessly around can lead to _______________.
a) accidents
b) rusting
c) misplacement
d) theft

36. Allowing children to play with tools can be _______________.
a) dangerous
b) educational
c) entertaining
d) productive

Third Term Examinations Primary 4 Basic Science

PRIMARY 4 THIRD TERM EXAMINATION  BASIC SCIENCE

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