Rescue Operation Understanding Rescue Operations: Steps to Save Lives Basic Technology JSS 2 First Term Lesson Notes Week 2

Basic Technology JSS 2 First Term Lesson Notes Week 2

Subject: Basic Technology
Class: JSS 2
Term: First Term
Week: 2
Age: 12 years
Topic: Rescue Operations
Sub-topic: I. Meaning of Rescue Operations, II. Different Aspects, III. Steps Involved in Rescue Operations
Duration: 40 minutes

Behavioural Objectives:

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. Define rescue operations.
2. Identify different aspects of rescue operations.
3. Describe the steps involved in rescue operations.

Keywords:

• Rescue Operations: Actions taken to save individuals in danger.
• Aspects: Different parts or elements of rescue operations.
• Steps: Sequential actions taken during rescue efforts.

Set Induction:

The teacher starts with a story about a recent rescue operation (e.g., flood rescue) to engage students and provoke discussion.

Entry Behaviour:

Students are familiar with the concept of emergencies and may have seen or heard about rescue operations in news reports.

Learning Resources and Materials:

• Videos of rescue operations
• Diagrams illustrating steps in rescue operations
• First Aid kit for practical demonstration

Building Background/Connection to Prior Knowledge:

Students may have seen rescue operations on TV or in their community and can relate to the need for safety in emergencies.

Embedded Core Skills:

• Critical thinking
• Teamwork
• Communication skills

Learning Materials:

• Rescue operation manuals
• Visual aids (charts, videos)

Reference Books:

• Lagos State Scheme of Work
• Basic Technology for Junior Secondary Schools by NERDC

Instructional Materials:

• Videos of actual rescue operations
• Charts outlining rescue procedures

Content:

I. Meaning of Rescue Operations

Rescue operations refer to organized efforts to save individuals from dangerous situations, such as natural disasters, accidents, or emergencies. These operations aim to provide immediate assistance and ensure the safety of those affected.

II. Different Aspects of Rescue Operations

1. Planning: Preparing for potential rescue situations, including training and resource allocation.
2. Execution: Carrying out the rescue plan using trained personnel and equipment.
3. Communication: Ensuring clear communication among rescue teams and with victims.
4. Safety Measures: Implementing safety protocols to protect both rescuers and victims.
5. Post-Rescue Care: Providing support and care to rescued individuals, including medical assistance.

III. Steps Involved in Rescue Operations

1. Assessment: Evaluate the situation to understand the scope of the emergency.
2. Planning: Develop a plan based on the assessment, identifying resources and personnel needed.
3. Mobilization: Gather the rescue team and necessary equipment.
4. Execution: Carry out the rescue operations while ensuring safety for everyone involved.
5. Monitoring: Continuously monitor the situation and adapt the plan as necessary.
6. Reporting: Document the operation for future reference and improvement.

15 Fill-in-the-Blank Questions:

1. Rescue operations are aimed at ________ individuals from dangerous situations.
   a) Ignoring
   b) Saving
   c) Displacing
   d) Harming
2. The first step in rescue operations is ________.
   a) Planning
   b) Execution
   c) Assessment
   d) Reporting
3. ________ is crucial for effective rescue operations.
   a) Communication
   b) Ignorance
   c) Disorganization
   d) Chaos
4. After a rescue, ________ care is essential for the rescued individuals.
   a) Post-rescue
   b) Pre-rescue
   c) No
   d) Delayed
5. The aspect of rescue operations that involves preparing for emergencies is called ________.
   a) Execution
   b) Planning
   c) Assessment
   d) Monitoring
6. During a rescue operation, the safety of ________ is very important.
   a) Rescuers
   b) Only victims
   c) Spectators
   d) None
7. Monitoring the situation during a rescue helps with ________.
   a) Ignoring problems
   b) Adapting plans
   c) Delaying action
   d) Confusion
8. A rescue team must gather ________ before executing a plan.
   a) People to ignore
   b) Resources and equipment
   c) Food supplies
   d) Toys
9. Clear ________ among the team members is essential.
   a) Silence
   b) Communication
   c) Confusion
   d) Disagreement
10. Post-rescue care may include ________.
    a) Medical assistance
    b) Ignoring the victim
    c) Leaving them alone
    d) Scolding
11. The second step in rescue operations is ________.
    a) Mobilization
    b) Reporting
    c) Planning
    d) Assessment
12. Successful rescue operations require ________ measures.
    a) Careless
    b) Safety
    c) Dangerous
    d) Irrelevant
13. The execution phase involves carrying out the ________.
    a) Plan
    b) Assessment
    c) Ignoring
    d) Confusion
14. Effective rescue operations require ________ training.
    a) Minimal
    b) No
    c) Proper
    d) Unnecessary
15. After a rescue operation, teams should ________ the operation.
    a) Forget
    b) Ignore
    c) Document
    d) Criticize

15 FAQs with Answers:

1. What are rescue operations?
   Rescue operations are efforts to save individuals from dangerous situations, such as emergencies or disasters.
2. Why is planning important in rescue operations?
   Planning ensures that resources and personnel are ready to respond effectively during emergencies.
3. What is the first step in a rescue operation?
   The first step is assessing the situation to understand what is needed.
4. What role does communication play in rescue operations?
   Communication ensures that everyone involved understands their roles and can coordinate effectively.
5. What is post-rescue care?
   Post-rescue care involves providing medical assistance and emotional support to individuals who have been rescued.
6. How do rescuers ensure safety during operations?
   Rescuers implement safety protocols to protect themselves and the victims.
7. What should a rescue team do during mobilization?
   A rescue team gathers the necessary equipment and personnel needed for the operation.
8. Why is monitoring important during a rescue operation?
   Monitoring helps assess the situation continuously and allows for adjustments to the plan as needed.
9. What should be documented after a rescue operation?
   Details of the operation, including successes and areas for improvement, should be documented.
10. How can a team prepare for unexpected challenges during a rescue?
    Teams can conduct drills and training to prepare for various scenarios and improve their response skills.

Presentation Steps:

Step 1:

Teacher revises the previous lesson on First Aid and discusses how it relates to rescue operations.

Step 2:

Teacher introduces the new topic by explaining the meaning of rescue operations and showing related videos.

Step 3:

Teacher guides students through the steps involved in rescue operations and engages them in discussions.

Teacher’s Activities:

• Define and explain rescue operations.
• Show videos and diagrams of rescue operations.
• Lead discussions about the importance of each step.
• RESCUE OPERATION

  This is the operations or organized procedures of a person or group of people to bring people or a person out of danger, attack, harm etc. Rescue comprises responsive operations that usually involve the saving of life, or prevention of injury during an incident or dangerous situation.

  Tools used might include search and rescue dogs, mounted search and rescue horses, helicopters, the “jaws of life”, and other hydraulic cutting and spreading tools used to extricate individuals from wrecked vehicles. Rescue operations are sometimes supported by special vehicles such as fire department’s or EMS heavy rescue vehicle. Rescue operations are carried out mostly by trained firemen, police, military, first aid or ambulance attendants.

   

  DIFFERENT ASPECTS OF RESCUE OPERATION

  1. Air-Sea Rescue (ASR)is the coordinated search and rescue of emergency water landings as well as people who have survived shipwreck or boat mishap

  Air-sea rescue

  2. Combat search and rescue (CSAR)is the search and rescue operations that are carried out during war that are within or near combat zone.
  3. Mine rescueis the specialized job of rescuing miners and others who are trapped or injured in underground mines after mine accidents.

  cave rescue

  4. Cave rescueis the operation involved in rescuing people trapped, lost or injured in wilderness or cave.
  5. Surface-water rescueis the rescue of a person who is afloat on the surface of a body of water.

  surface-water rescue

  6. Vehicle extrication is the process of removing vehicle from around a person who has been involved in a motor accident.
  7. Confined space rescueinvolves the rescue and recovery of victims trapped in a confined space like tanks, sewers and underground vaults.
  8. Urban search and rescueinvolves the location extrication and initial medical stabilization of victims trapped in collapsed buildings or trenches.

   

  STEPS INVOLVED IN RESCUE OPERATION

  This acronym – REPORT – developed is useful when trying to plan for and execute technical rescue. The acronym assists in breaking down the differing phases of the technical rescue process to assist with resources, timelines and direction.
  It stands for:
  R– response
  E– evaluation
  P– pre-entry
  O– operations
  R– removal
  T– termination

  Every technical rescue operation goes through these six phases. Your department may utilize a different acronym, but essentially you will go through each to accomplish the completion of your specialized rescue event.

  R — Response
  The response phase of the call is broken down into two separate areas — the pre-dispatch and the responding phase. The pre-dispatch phase is that time when district familiarization, pre-planning and resource identification is paramount. You must know what hazards exist in your area, what options you will have to address those operational impacts and where you will get resources from to meet those impacts. The second phase, responding, is the time from when your crew is dispatched to a call to arrival. The company officer must be trained to know when to ask for additional resources and ask for it early. In addition, they should be aware of any special information that is known — such as ingress details, next-in unit instructions and staging areas — and communicate those details to incoming units.

  E — Evaluation
  Once on scene, your primary task will be to gather information. The first-in unit should conduct an initial approach assessment to determine hazards, type of emergency and additional resource requirements. After the approach assessment, the first arriving Company Officer should transmit a size-up report, implement the appropriate portions of the Incident Command System, establish staging locations, request appropriate resources, gather available information and conduct a risk/benefit analysis.

  It is critical to know if the incident involves actually rescuing viable patients or if this is a body recovery. This knowledge determines the pace and urgency of the operation, and more importantly determines the acceptable level of risk in the risk/benefit analysis. Members should provide input into this ongoing analysis. Recovery operations undertaken by responders to recover the remains of victims or property should only be implemented when the risk to responders has been reduced to the lowest level possible.

  P — Pre-entry
  This step of the process of making the scene and surrounding area as safe as possible. The proper management of this phase of a technical consists of the following steps:
  Isolate — Initial company operations should include taking steps to secure the scene from unauthorized access or actions, as well as attempting to identify and secure a witness or responsible party. With each incident, isolation zones will need to be established to appropriately secure the scene — hot, warm and cold.
  Evacuate — Following the process of isolating the incident will often include evacuating people from the area of the rescue. These people will include Good Samaritan types, fellow workers, EMS, the press and onlookers.
  Lock Out/Tag Out — Lock out/Tag out is a system used to secure and isolate equipment from its source of energy while personnel are working on or near that equipment. While the rescue/extrication is taking place, a firefighter should be posted as a guard with a radio at the energy source.

  O — Operations
  This phase consists of the actual application of personnel and equipment to perform a rescue or recovery based on the risk/benefit assessment performed in the evaluation phase. Personnel who are certified at the operations level for the specific rescue being performed — rope, confined space, etc. — generally carry out this operation. While it is not essential that all personnel in an operational area be certified as operational, they do need to be directly supervised by an individual who is operations or technician certified. In addition, only those personnel who are integral in the operations and are actually working or delivering logistical needs should be inside the hot zone.

  R — Removal
  This phase of the technical rescue operation is the safe and effective removal of victims from the hot zone. This may require the collaboration of multiple disciplines to include rope rescue, EMS and extrication personnel. Remember also that specialized medical knowledge may be required to treat patients who may suffer from crush injuries and/or compartment syndrome secondary to structural or trench collapse.

  T — Termination
  The termination of a specialized rescue event is that time when rescue or recovery of a victim has occurred. The command team should take a short break to allow for members to rehab. It should also take this time to perform another risk/benefit analysis.  Is the equipment in the hot zone worth the dangers required to remove them? This is especially critical when comparing the utilization of trench or structural collapse equipment. It may be better to detail the equipment left in the hot zone and bill the owners or contractor for their costs, rather than risk the loss of personnel. If the decision is made to remove equipment from a hot zone, remember to take your time! A large number of injuries and fatalities occur when in the termination phase of an event.

  All of these directions will assist in remembering the steps necessary to complete a specialized rescue event. The REPORT acronym is nothing but a memory tool to assist with recalling the resources and requirements for managing a technical rescue call. The key is to practice utilizing this or other systems to ensure that should a specialized rescue event occur in your area, your members are practiced and capable in delivering those skills necessary in a safe effective fashion.

   

Learners’ Activities:

• Participate in discussions about rescue scenarios.
• Watch videos and take notes on important aspects.
• Group activity to plan a mock rescue operation.

Assessment:

1. What are rescue operations?
2. List three aspects of rescue operations.
3. Describe one step involved in rescue operations.
4. Why is safety important during rescue operations?
5. What is the purpose of post-rescue care?

Evaluation Questions:

1. Define rescue operations.
2. Name five aspects of rescue operations.
3. What is the first step in rescue operations?
4. How does communication help in rescue efforts?
5. What care is provided after a rescue?
6. Why is planning crucial for rescue operations?
7. Describe the mobilization phase of a rescue operation.
8. How can monitoring improve rescue effectiveness?
9. What should be documented after a rescue?
10. Why should rescuers prioritize their own safety?
11. Define the term ‘rescue’.
12. What are rescue operations?
13. What is the full meaning of CSAR?
14. Describe ASR.
15. When miners are trapped how are they rescued?

Conclusion:

The teacher reviews key points from the lesson and emphasizes the importance of being prepared for emergencies.

“Understanding Rescue Operations: Steps to Save Lives”

Explore the meaning, different aspects, and steps involved in rescue operations for JSS 2 students. Learn how to effectively save lives in emergencies.

Material and Their Common Uses (cont’d)