First Aid and Materials Mastering First Aid: Essential Skills for Quick Emergency Response Basic Technology JSS 2 First Term Lesson Notes Week 1

Basic Technology JSS 2 First Term Lesson Notes Week 1

Subject: Basic Technology
Class: JSS 2
Term: First Term
Week: 1
Age: 12 years
Topic: First Aid
Sub-topic: I. Definition of First Aid, II. Materials, III. Application of Simple First Aid
Duration: 40 minutes

Behavioural Objectives:

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. Define First Aid.
2. Identify materials used in First Aid.
3. Apply simple First Aid techniques.

Keywords:

• First Aid: Immediate help given to someone injured or suddenly ill.
• Materials: Items used for First Aid, such as bandages and antiseptics.
• Application: The process of providing care to the injured.

Set Induction:

The teacher begins by asking students if they have ever helped someone injured. This will capture their interest and engage them in the lesson.

Entry Behaviour:

Students are aware of injuries and may have seen First Aid applied in their surroundings.

Learning Resources and Materials:

• First Aid kit (bandages, antiseptics, cotton wool, scissors, etc.)
• Chart showing basic First Aid procedures

Building Background/Connection to Prior Knowledge:

Students have seen or heard of injuries and the help provided before medical professionals arrive.

Embedded Core Skills:

• Critical thinking
• Collaboration
• Problem-solving

Learning Materials:

• First Aid manuals
• Diagrams of First Aid procedures

Reference Books:

• Lagos State Scheme of Work
• Basic Technology for Junior Secondary Schools by NERDC

Instructional Materials:

• First Aid kit
• Demonstration chart of First Aid procedures

Content:

I. Definition of First Aid

First Aid is the immediate assistance given to a sick or injured person before professional help arrives. It helps reduce pain, prevent the injury from worsening, and can even save lives.

II. Materials Used in First Aid

The following materials are commonly found in a First Aid kit:

1. Bandages – Used to cover and protect wounds.
2. Antiseptic Solution – Used to clean wounds and prevent infections.
3. Cotton Wool – Used to clean wounds or apply antiseptic.
4. Scissors – Used to cut bandages or clothing away from a wound.
5. Adhesive Plaster – Used to secure bandages in place.
6. Gauze Pads – Used to cover larger wounds.
7. Tweezers – Used to remove debris from a wound.

III. Application of Simple First Aid

The basic steps in First Aid application include:

1. Assess the Situation: Check for danger before approaching the injured person.
2. Stop the Bleeding: Apply pressure to the wound with a clean cloth or bandage.
3. Clean the Wound: Use antiseptic to clean the wound.
4. Bandage the Wound: Secure the wound with a bandage to prevent infection.
5. Call for Help: After providing initial care, seek medical assistance.

15 Fill-in-the-Blank Questions:

1. First Aid is the ________ help given to an injured person.
   a) Last
   b) Immediate
   c) Delayed
   d) Secondary
2. The item used to stop bleeding is called ________.
   a) Plaster
   b) Scissors
   c) Bandage
   d) Antiseptic
3. Antiseptic is used to ________ wounds.
   a) Open
   b) Clean
   c) Cover
   d) Ignore
4. The material used to secure a bandage is called ________.
   a) Cotton wool
   b) Tweezers
   c) Adhesive plaster
   d) Gauze
5. ________ helps to remove debris from a wound.
   a) Scissors
   b) Bandage
   c) Tweezers
   d) Antiseptic
6. A ________ is used to cover large wounds.
   a) Gauze pad
   b) Adhesive plaster
   c) Cotton wool
   d) Antiseptic
7. Always call for ________ after providing First Aid.
   a) Bandages
   b) Food
   c) Help
   d) Play
8. Use ________ to clean wounds before applying bandages.
   a) Water
   b) Oil
   c) Antiseptic solution
   d) Tweezers
9. A First Aid kit contains ________ used to help injured people.
   a) Food items
   b) Medical supplies
   c) Toys
   d) Books
10. ________ can be used to stop minor bleeding.
    a) Antiseptic solution
    b) Cotton wool
    c) Tweezers
    d) Gauze pad
11. First Aid can help ________ lives.
    a) Save
    b) Ignore
    c) Delay
    d) Forget
12. ________ are used to secure bandages.
    a) Tweezers
    b) Adhesive plaster
    c) Cotton wool
    d) Gauze
13. First Aid ________ pain before the doctor arrives.
    a) Increases
    b) Reduces
    c) Ignores
    d) Worsens
14. Before applying First Aid, always check for ________.
    a) Danger
    b) Bandages
    c) Water
    d) Plasters
15. ________ are used to cut bandages.
    a) Tweezers
    b) Cotton wool
    c) Scissors
    d) Gauze

15 FAQs with Answers:

1. What is First Aid?
   First Aid is the immediate help given to someone who is injured or ill before medical professionals arrive.
2. Why is First Aid important?
   It helps prevent the condition from worsening and may save lives.
3. What materials are in a First Aid kit?
   Common items include bandages, antiseptic, scissors, cotton wool, and adhesive plaster.
4. What is the use of a bandage?
   A bandage is used to cover and protect wounds.
5. How does antiseptic help in First Aid?
   Antiseptic cleans the wound and prevents infection.
6. When should I call for help?
   Call for help after providing basic First Aid to the injured person.
7. What are gauze pads used for?
   Gauze pads are used to cover large wounds.
8. Can First Aid stop bleeding?
   Yes, applying pressure with a bandage or clean cloth can help stop bleeding.
9. How do tweezers help in First Aid?
   Tweezers are used to remove debris from wounds.
10. What should I do first before giving First Aid?
    Assess the situation to ensure it is safe to provide help.

Presentation Steps:

Step 1:

Teacher revises the previous topic on safety precautions.

Step 2:

Teacher introduces the new topic by showing the students a First Aid kit and discussing its contents.

Step 3:

Teacher allows the students to participate by handling the materials and practicing simple First Aid techniques.

Teacher’s Activities:

• Explain the definition and purpose of First Aid.
• Demonstrate how to use the materials in a First Aid kit.
• Guide students in applying simple First Aid.
• First aid is the assistance given to any person suffering a sudden illness or injury, with care provided to preserve life, prevent the condition from worsening, and/or promote recovery. It includes initial intervention in a serious condition prior to professional medical help being available, such as performing CPR while awaiting an ambulance, as well as the complete treatment of minor conditions, such as applying a plaster to a cut. It is the assistance given to any person suffering a sudden illness or injury, with care provided to preserve life, prevent the condition from worsening, and/or promote recovery.

  It includes initial intervention in a serious condition prior to professional medical help being available, such as performing CPR whilst awaiting an ambulance, as well as the complete treatment of minor conditions, such as applying a plaster to a cut.

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  First aid is generally performed by the layperson, with many people trained in providing basic levels of first aid, and others willing to do so from acquired knowledge. Mental health first aid is an extension of the concept of first aid to cover mental health.

  First Aid Box/Kit

  It is a collection of supplies and equipment for use in giving first aid, and can be put together for the purpose by an individual or organization or purchased complete.

  There is a wide variation in the contents of first aid kits based on the knowledge and experience of those putting it together, the differing first aid requirements of the area where it may be used and variations in legislation or regulation in a given area.

  First aid kits are necessary for every household no matter the age of who lives in the home. Injuries can happen anytime and anywhere. When you have a first aid kit within easy access of wherever you are you will ensure the safety of everyone. First aid can reduce infections from open wounds and injuries. It can also reduce the severity of an injury. You cannot always keep your family from getting hurt but you can protect them when they get injured with a first aid kit.

  Materials Of First Aid Box

  A basic first aid kit may contain:

  • plasters in a variety of different sizes and shapes
  • small, medium and large sterile gauze dressings
  • at least two sterile eye dressings
  • triangular bandages
  • crêpe rolled bandages
  • safety pins
  • disposable sterile gloves
  • tweezers
  • scissors
  • alcohol-free cleansing wipes
  • sticky tape
  • thermometer (preferably digital)
  • skin rash cream, such as hydrocortisone or calendula
  • cream or spray to relieve insect bites and stings
  • antiseptic cream
  • painkillers such as paracetamol (or infant paracetamol for children), aspirin (not to be given to children under 16), or ibuprofen
  • cough medicine
  • antihistamine tablets
  • distilled water for cleaning wounds
  • eye wash and eye bath

  It may also be useful to keep a basic first aid manual or instruction booklet with your first aid kit.

  Medicines should be checked regularly to make sure they are within their use-by dates.

  Application of simple first aid

  As individuals, this is the basic first aid knowledge we need to have about different injuries or emergency situations

  First aid knowledge and skills promote safety awareness in home, at work, at play, on streets and highways. Through studying first aid, a person is prepared to assist others wisely.  He is able to distinguish between what to do and what not to do.  Below are some basic steps for treating bleeding and burns examples.

  Bleeding

  • Position the injured person properly and keep the injured limb elevated (except for fracture victims).
  • Inspect the wound, flush with distilled water, exert direct pressure by hand over a dressing, and bandage the wound.
  • Do not bandage the wound too tightly that obstructs normal blood circulation to the injured limb.
  • Leave the impaled objects and protruding bones in place and protect the injured from further movement.  Exert direct pressure on the edge of the wound to stop bleeding.
  • Recheck blood circulation of the injured limb after bandaging.

  Bleeding From the Nose

  • Sit the injured down with his head leaning forward.
  • Ask the injured person to breathe with his mouth, forcefully pinch the soft part below his nasal bone and apply a cold dressing to the forehead.
  • Ask the injured not to swallow the blood lodged in his throat.
  • Loosen his tight clothing.
  • If bleeding continues after pinching the nose for 10 minutes, continue to do so for another 10 minutes.
  • If bleeding still continues, send the injured to the hospital at once.

  General Treatment to different kinds of Burns

  • Move the injured away from the heat source.
  • Check the breathing and pulse of the injured.
  • Check the extent and depth of his burns.
  • Flush the burned area with water to alleviate pain.
  • Cover the wound with a sterilized dressing.
  • For facial burns, use sheet or triangular bandage to cover the burnt area. Provide openings on the sheet or triangular bandage for eyes, nose and mouth for the injured.

  Heatstroke

  To avoid heatstroke, you should halt strenuous activity in hot and humid weather. If you are still determined to go outdoors, you should:

  • Wear light loose-fitting clothing.
  • rest in a cool place as often as possible.
  • replenish your bodily fluids by regularly drinking electrolyte drinks or fruit juice.

  You should also avoid alcoholic beverages under such circumstances.

  Unconscious Person

  If one of your companions falls unconscious or you come across someone else who is already unconscious, you should:

  • Stay calm and immediately call the emergency hotline at 999 for an ambulance.
  • roll the person on his or her side to drain any saliva or vomit from the mouth.
  • loosen any constricting clothing around the neck, chest and waist.
  • keep the person warm and covered with a blanket or clothing.
  • stay with the person until the ambulance personnel arrive.

  You should not:

  • place anything such as pillow under the person’s head.
  • sit him or her up.
  • Feed him or her anything, no matter if it is solid food or liquid.

Learners’ Activities:

• Listen and define First Aid in their own words.
• Identify First Aid materials shown by the teacher.
• Practice bandaging and cleaning wounds using the materials provided.

Assessment:

1. What is the first thing to do when applying First Aid?
2. Name three materials found in a First Aid kit.
3. What is the use of antiseptic in First Aid?
4. How do you stop bleeding using First Aid?
5. Why is First Aid important?

Evaluation Questions:

1. Define First Aid.
2. List five materials used in First Aid.
3. How can you stop a wound from bleeding?
4. What is the purpose of a gauze pad?
5. When should you call for help after First Aid?
6. What is antiseptic used for?
7. How can tweezers be used in First Aid?
8. What is the role of adhesive plaster in First Aid?
9. Why should you check for danger before giving First Aid?
10. How does First Aid help save lives?
11. What is First Aid?
12. What is a First Aid box/kit?
13. List 8 materials that is contained in the First Aid box
14. What is the first aid treatment given to someone who suffered a burn?
15. What are the things you should not do for an unconscious person?

Conclusion:

The teacher moves around to ensure each student understands the lesson and corrects any errors.

Transmission System of GSM

“Mastering First Aid: Essential Skills for Quick Emergency Response”

Learn the basics of First Aid for JSS 2 students, including its definition, materials, and application of simple First Aid techniques to handle emergencies effectively.