Types of Agriculture Subsistence and Commercial Agriculture.
Subject:
Agricultural Science
Class:
SS 1
Term:
First Term / 1st Term
Week:
Week 1
Topic:
Introduction to Agriculture: Meaning, Branches and Importance of Agriculture.
Previous Knowledge: The pupils have previous knowledge of
Introduction to Agriculture: Meaning, Branches and Importance of Agriculture.
that was taught in their previous lesson.
Behavioural Objectives : At the end of the lesson, learners will be able to
- Mention types of Agriculture
- Define different types of Agriculture that we have
- Say the merits and demerits of each type of Agriculture
Instructional Materials
- Wall charts
- Online Resource
- Textbooks
- Laptop
- Flash cards
- www.edudelighttutors.com
Methods of Teaching
- Role modelling
- Questions and Answers
- Explanation
- Discussion
- Recitation
- Imitation
- Story Telling
- Dramatization
Content:
Types of Agriculture: Subsistence and Commercial Agriculture.
CONTENT
SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURE
Subsistence agriculture is defined as the type of agriculture which is concerned with the production of food (cultivation of crops and rearing of animals) by the farmer to feed himself and his family only. The farmer provides or cultivate enough crops to feed himself and his household only. He does not produce on large scale for commercial purposes.
It is also known as peasant farming because it is practiced by poor farmers. It is done on a small scale and involves the use of crude tools (e.g. cutlass, hoe, axe, etc.) only.
COMMERCIAL AGRICULTURE
Commercial agriculture is the type of agriculture which is concerned with the production of food and cash crops in large quantities for sale.It is done on a large scale because commercial farmers are rich farmers. Complex farm machines like tractors, bulldozers, planters, harvesters, etc are used.
CHARACTERISTICS/DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURE AND COMMERCIAL AGRICULTURE
1.Subsistence farmers produce mainly for the family with little or no excess. Commercial farmers products are principally for sale
2. Subsistence Farmers practiced on small area of land while Commercial farmers practiced on large area of land.
3. Family labour is used in Subsistence farming while skilled and mechanized labour are employed in Commercial farming
4. Traditional management is employed by subsistence farmers but Modern or scientific management are employed by commercial farmers
5. Production is on small scale because Subsistence farmers produce for his household only. Production is on large scale by commercial farmers because of large productivity an profit maximization
6. In subsistence farming cost of production is low. Cost of production is high in commercial farming
7. Subsistence farming does not need organized market for the sales of its products. Commercial farming needs well organized market for sales of its products.
8. Operation and agricultural activities in subsistence farming may results in low environmental degradation. Operational activities that are involved in commercial agriculture do not result in low environmental degradation.
9. Subsistence agriculture provides direct employment for many citizens. Skilled people are employed for different tasks in commercial agriculture
10. Subsistence agriculture encourages the engagement of mixed-cropping during agricultural processes . Commercial agriculture encourages mono-cropping.
11. No specialization is needed by a subsistence farmer , since the farmer produces different types of crops and rears different classes of farm animals on his farm . Farmers that are involved in commercial agriculture specialize in the production of fewer crops and animals rearing
12. Subsistence farmers have no access to credit facilities. Commercial agriculture farmers have access to credit facilities.
Presentation :
The topic is presented step by step
Step 1: The class teacher revises the old topic
Step 2: The class teacher introduces the new topic
Step 3: The class teacher allows the pupils to give their own contributions and gives room for pupils” participation
Class Teacher and Pupils Activities. Interaction or Participation
This involves class teacher and pupils’ interaction, conversation, imitation or modeling through discussion, play method or just by recitation or asking and answering questions that are related to the topic that has just been taught.
EVALUATION QUESTIONS
Part A
Objectives
1. The system of agriculture practiced solely for the benefit of the farmer and his family is A. Subsistence B. Commercial C. Family farming D. Agro forestry
2. The agriculture that is practice for the production of food and cash crops in large quantities for sale to make profit is called… A. Subsistence B. Commercial C. Scale farming D. mixed farming.
3. Agro-based industries include the following except A. textile B. beverage C. automobile D. brewery
4. The following are source of foreign exchange earning in Nigeria except A. cotton B. yam C. cocoa D. palm produce
5. Which of these is not a characteristic of subsistence agriculture? A. Depend on family Labour B. Operates small farm size C. Has access to credit facilities D. Use crude tools
Part B
THEORY
1. List out five agro-based industries and their raw materials.
2. State five characteristics for each of:
- (a) subsistence agriculture
- (b)commercial agriculture
3. Define the two types of agriculture.
4. Who is a peasant farmer?
5. State ten examples of simple farm tools used by subsistence farmers.
6. State ten examples of complex farm machines used by commercial farmers.
7. Define subsistence and commercial agriculture.
8. State five differences between subsistence and commercial agriculture.
9. What is agriculture?
10. List and explain five importance of agriculture
11. Mention five agro-based industries and their raw materials.
12. Define subsistence and commercial agriculture.
13. State five characteristics each of subsistence and commercial agriculture.
Conclusion
The class teacher concludes the lesson by giving the pupils some notes on the topic that has just been taught. He goes round to mark and he does the necessary corrections.