Multiplying 2-Digit Numbers by 1-Digit Numbers Mathematics Primary 2 Second Term Lesson Notes Week 5

Subject: Mathematics
Class: Primary 2
Term: Second Term
Week: 5
Age: 7-8 years
Topic: Multiplication of Numbers (2 Digits by 1 Digit)
Sub-topic: Multiplying 2-Digit Numbers by 1-Digit Numbers
Duration: 40 minutes

Behavioural Objectives:

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

• Multiply a 2-digit number by a 1-digit number.
• Solve real-life problems involving multiplication of numbers.
• Identify multiplication facts in daily situations.
• Understand the concept of repeated addition and how it relates to multiplication.

Keywords:

• Multiplication
• 2-Digit Numbers
• 1-Digit Numbers
• Repeated Addition
• Product

Set Induction:

Begin the lesson by introducing a real-life example of multiplication, such as multiplying the number of pencils in each box by the number of boxes (e.g., 12 pencils per box, 3 boxes = 12 × 3). Ask pupils how many pencils they will have in total and guide them to the understanding that multiplication is repeated addition.

Entry Behaviour:

Pupils should have prior knowledge of addition and basic number facts, including 1-digit multiplication.

Learning Resources and Materials:

• Flashcards with multiplication facts
• Chalkboard/whiteboard
• Counters or beads
• Multiplication chart
• Real-life objects for scenario-based multiplication
• Audio/visual resources for reinforcement

Building Background/Connection to Prior Knowledge:

This lesson will build on students’ knowledge of addition, showing how multiplication is a faster way of adding the same number repeatedly.

Embedded Core Skills:

• Problem-solving
• Communication and collaboration
• Digital literacy
• Creativity and imagination
• Leadership and personal development

Learning Materials:

• Flashcards with multiplication facts
• Multiplication chart
• Beads or counters

Reference Books:

• Lagos State Scheme of Work
• Primary Mathematics Textbook for Primary Schools

Instructional Materials:

• Flashcards
• Multiplication chart
• Chalkboard/whiteboard
• Beads or counters

Content:

1. Introduction to Multiplication:

• Explain that multiplication is a quick way to add the same number multiple times.
• Example: 12 × 3 = 12 + 12 + 12 = 36.
• Use real-life examples, such as multiplying the number of pencils per box by the number of boxes to get the total number of pencils.

2. Multiplying 2-Digit Numbers by 1-Digit Numbers:

• Break down the process of multiplying a 2-digit number by a 1-digit number into two steps.
• Example: Multiply 23 × 4
  Step 1: Multiply the ones place (3 × 4 = 12).
  Step 2: Multiply the tens place (20 × 4 = 80).
  Add the two results: 80 + 12 = 92.

3. Step-by-Step Procedure:

• Teach students how to carry out the multiplication in a column format:
  • 23
    × 4

  ---

  92

4. Real-Life Application:

• Use objects like beads or counters to demonstrate the multiplication process. For example, if you have 3 groups of 12 beads, how many beads do you have in total?
• Create problems that relate to everyday activities, like finding the total number of fruits in several baskets.

Evaluation Questions (15 fill-in-the-blank questions):

1. 12 × 3 = __________.
   a) 36
   b) 32
   c) 31
   d) 33
2. What is the product of 23 × 4?
   a) 92
   b) 91
   c) 93
   d) 95
3. 15 × 2 = __________.
   a) 30
   b) 32
   c) 35
   d) 33
4. The product of 24 × 3 is __________.
   a) 72
   b) 71
   c) 70
   d) 75
5. 13 × 5 = __________.
   a) 65
   b) 64
   c) 63
   d) 66
6. What is the product of 36 × 2?
   a) 72
   b) 70
   c) 74
   d) 75
7. 22 × 3 = __________.
   a) 66
   b) 65
   c) 64
   d) 67
8. What is the result of 11 × 4?
   a) 44
   b) 45
   c) 46
   d) 48
9. 27 × 3 = __________.
   a) 81
   b) 80
   c) 82
   d) 83
10. 41 × 2 = __________.
    a) 82
    b) 80
    c) 83
    d) 84
11. 14 × 6 = __________.
    a) 84
    b) 86
    c) 85
    d) 82
12. 33 × 2 = __________.
    a) 66
    b) 65
    c) 68
    d) 67
13. 44 × 2 = __________.
    a) 88
    b) 86
    c) 80
    d) 85
14. The product of 10 × 5 is __________.
    a) 50
    b) 55
    c) 52
    d) 54
15. 21 × 3 = __________.
    a) 63
    b) 64
    c) 60
    d) 61

Class Activity Discussion (15 FAQs with answers):

1. What is multiplication?
   Multiplication is the process of adding a number to itself several times.
2. How do we multiply a 2-digit number by a 1-digit number?
   First, multiply the ones place, then the tens place, and finally add the two results.
3. Why do we use multiplication in real life?
   We use multiplication to calculate the total number of things in groups, like finding the total cost of items in a shop or the number of students in several classrooms.
4. Can we multiply numbers in any order?
   Yes, multiplication is commutative, meaning the order doesn’t matter. For example, 12 × 3 is the same as 3 × 12.
5. How can we check our multiplication?
   We can check by adding the number repeatedly, or using a calculator for larger numbers.
6. Why is multiplication easier than repeated addition?
   Multiplication helps us get the answer faster by skipping the need for multiple additions.
7. Can we use multiplication to find the total of several groups?
   Yes, multiplication is used to find the total of several groups of the same size.
8. What happens when we multiply by 1?
   Any number multiplied by 1 stays the same. For example, 23 × 1 = 23.
9. What happens when we multiply by 0?
   Any number multiplied by 0 becomes 0. For example, 25 × 0 = 0.
10. What is a product?
    The result of a multiplication is called the product.
11. How do we write multiplication problems?
    We write multiplication problems in a format like 23 × 4.
12. How can we make multiplication fun?
    We can use games, songs, or real-life examples to make multiplication fun and interesting.
13. What are some examples of multiplication in daily life?
    Examples include calculating the total cost of several items or finding the total number of people in different rooms.
14. How do we use counters to understand multiplication?
    We use counters to represent the groups we are multiplying. For example, 3 groups of 12 counters show 12 × 3.
15. What should we do if we get the wrong answer?
    If the answer is wrong, we should check our steps carefully and make sure we’re multiplying correctly.

Teacher’s Activities:

1. Review previous knowledge of multiplication and introduce 2-digit by 1-digit multiplication.
2. Demonstrate how to multiply 23 × 4 on the board step-by-step.
3. Lead the class in solving similar problems together.
4. Ask students to create real-life multiplication scenarios and share with the class.
5. Use flashcards to reinforce multiplication facts.

Learners’ Activities:

1. Multiply 2-digit numbers by 1-digit numbers independently and with the teacher’s guidance.
2. Participate in class activities involving real-life multiplication problems.
3. Create multiplication scenarios in pairs or groups.
4. Answer evaluation questions based on the lesson.

Assessment:

1. Multiply 24 × 3.
2. Solve 34 × 2.
3. Write out the expanded form of 56 × 4.
4. Create a real-life problem involving multiplication.
5. Solve the product of 12 × 5.

Conclusion:

Conclude by reviewing key multiplication concepts and ensuring that students can apply multiplication in both mathematical problems and real-life situations. Provide individual feedback and guide students in practice.