CIVIC EDUCATION JSS 1 THIRD TERM

THIRD TERM E-LEARNING NOTE

SUBJECT: CIVIC EDUCATION   CLASS:  JSS 1

SCHEME OF WORK

Week

1. Constitution- Meaning and Sources, Types.
2. Human Rights- Meaning and forms of Human Rights
3. Human Rights Abuse and Effects on Society.
4. Human Rights – How to prevent Human Right Abuse.
5. Rights and Obligation of Nigerian Citizens.
6. Traffic Rules and Regulations
7. Causes of Road Accident in Nigeria.
8. Basic Facts on States
9. Notables Notes and Common Abbreviations.
10. Road Safety Vocabulary /Tips
11. Examination

Week One

Topic- Constitution

Content

1. Meaning
2. Sources of Constitution

Constitution can be described as the embodiment of law, rules and regulations, customs, and culture in which a society, state and country is governed.  The constitution enables us to check excesses of leaders and spell out the duties and rights of  a citizen. Constitution can be written or unwritten.

Sources of Constitution

1. Constitutional conference
2. Judicial interpretation/ precedents/case law
3. Customs and culture, conventions
4. Expert opinion
5. International law e.g UN Charter
6. Textbooks or historical documents
7. Acts of Parliaments

Types of Constitution

1. Written Constitution
2. Unwritten Constitution
3. Flexible Constitution 
4. Rigid Constitution 
5. Unitary Constitution
6. Confederal Constitution
7. Federal Constitution 

1. Written Constitution:-  This is the type of constitution that is contained in a single document.  Most countries in the world adopt written constitution.  Any written constitution is rigid in nature.  Nigeria, US, Canada operate written constitution.
2. Unwritten Constitution :-  This type of constitution is in operation in Britain it is found in scattered documents
3. Rigid Constitution :- Any written constitution is rigid in nature.  This type of constitution requires special or complex procedure for its amendment.  Nigeria’s constitution is rigid in nature.
4. Flexible Constitution :-Unlike rigid constitution, flexible constitution requires simple procedure for its amendment. An unwritten constitution is flexible in nature.  Britain operates an unwritten constitution.
5. Unitary Constitution:- This is the type of constitution where power is concentrated in the central government.  The subordinated units derive their powers from central government. Examples of countries with Unitary Constitution are :Ghana, Zambia, Britain, France etc.
6. Federal Constitution:- in a federal constitution there is division of power between the various levels of governments.  The federal, state and local government . examples of countries with federal constitution is Nigeria, the United States of America, Canada, Cameroon etc.
7. Confederal Constitution:- This is a type of constitution which allows independent states to operate as a unit while retaining individual sovereignty or independence . A confederal state is a league or association of independent states. Examples of confederations are African Unity (AU), United Nations ( UN), ECOWAS.

Importance of Constitution

1. It determines the structures and functions of government.
2. It prevents dictatorship
3. It enables the citizens to know their rights and duties to the state.
4. It serves as a basis for conflict resolutions
5. It defines the goal of the state.
6. It regulates the behaviours of the citizens.

Evaluation

1. List six types of constitution
2. Define constitution .

Weekend Assignment

1. The embodiment of Law in which a society is governed is known as _________
2. Holy bible B.  Constitution C.  Novel D. Poetry
3. Britain operates _______ constitution.
4. written B. unwritten C. confederal D. federal
5. One of the following is not a source of constitution?
6. Historical document
7. Text book
8. Acts of Parliament
9. Secret meeting
10. Constitution enables us to _______ except
11. check dictatorship B. know our duties C. know our goal as a society
12. destroy the state
13. An unwritten constitution is __________ .
14. flexible B. rigid C. confederal D. all of the above

Theory

1. Explain written and unwritten constitution.
2. State five importance of constitution.

Week Two 

Topic: Human Rights – Meaning and Forms of Human Rights.

Content

1. Meaning of Human Right
2. Forms of Human Rights

Human Right or fundamental Human Rights refers to the basic freedoms enjoyed  by the citizens of a country.  Citizen’s right can only be taken after a due legal process.

Forms of Fundamental Human Rights.

1. Rights to life.
2. Right to fair hearing
3. Right to freedom of expression
4. Rights to freedom of religion and good conscience.
5. Rights to vote and be voted for.
6. Rights to basic necessities of life e.g shelter, education, association, protection.

Human Right Abuse

1. Human right abuse occurs when a person is denied his rights against the law of the land.

Forms of Human Right Abuse

1. police harassment.
2. Unlawful arrest and detention – under the law, suspected criminal cannot be kept in prison more than 24 hours before bringing him to court.
3. Torture: torture is a way of forcing a person to say or do something by inflicting pain on his body.
4. Military government – this type of government engages in dictatorship, unlawful arrest, detention and all forms of abuse.
5. Religious intolerance e.g Boko Haram killing of Christians in Northern parts of the country.
6. Denial of press freedom by the government .
7. Prevention of people from voting or being voted for.
8. Making a specific law to punish political opponents. 

Effects of Human Rights Abuse on Individuals

1. Torture may lead to ill-health or death.
2. It brings shame and cause the person to lose his reputation in the society.
3. A family whose breadwinner is unlawfully detained may suffer from poverty.
4. Loss of confidence in a society.
5. Constant human rights abuse may turn people to militia e.g Niger Delta militants

Evaluation

1. What is Human Right Abuse?
2. State three effects of Human Right abuse and individuals.

Weekend Assignment

1. One of the following is not a fundamental human right of a citizen.
2. Right to life B. Right to freedom of expression C. Right to privacy D. Right to abuse the state
3. Unlawful arrest and detention is a form of human right abuse
4. Yes B. No C. none of the above D. I am not sure
5. Presence of military government can cause human right abuse.
6. Yes B. No C. Yes or No D. None of the above
7. A rigid constitution is the one that __________
8. is simple to amend B. requires many politicians to amend
9. requires complex procedure for its amendment
10. is not found at all
11. Police harassment is a form of human right abuse
12. No B. Yes C. I am not sure D. false

Theory

1. State five forms of Human Rights Abuse
2. Define Human Right.

Week Three

Topic: Human Right Abuse and Effects on Society

Contents

1. Meaning of Human Right Abuse.
2. Effects on the society
3. Factors that promotes human rights.

Human rights abuse occurs when an individual is denied his freedom and benefits as spelts out by the law of the land.

Abuse of human right can take the form of :

1. torture
2. police harassment
3. unlawful arrest and detention
4. denial of press freedom by the government 
5. prevention of people from voting or being voted for.
6. Making a specific law to punish political opponents

Effects of Abuse of Human Rights On the Society

1. When citizens are denied the right to vote or being voted for, it brings  bad government .
2. Poverty, ignorance and disease will be the order of the day when right to education is denied.
3. Break down of law and order is eminent where human right is denied.
4. The society will be under developed.
5. Denial of fundamental human rights can result to violent change of government .

Factors that enhance respect for fundamental human rights

1. A democratic government
2. A viable and free press.
3. An independent and impartial judiciary.
4. Adherence to rule of law by the government .
5. Impartial and effective law enforcement agencies.

Evaluation

1. State five factors that enhance respect for fundamental human rights
2. Outline any five effects of human right abuse on the society.

Weekend Assignment

1. Human right abuse leads to ________
2. poverty B.  development C. progress D. growth
3. To promote human rights, we must ________
4. buy more guns for the police
5. sack all the judges.
6. have two Presidents.
7. have a democratic government .
8. Constant abuse of human right can make the society to be _________.
9. developed B. underdeveloped C.  recognized D. respected
10. A family whose breadwinner is unlawfully detained may suffer from ______
11. poverty B. development C. progress D. dignity
12. An independent and impartial judiciary will enhance respect for fundamental human rights.
13. Yes B. No C. false D. None of the above

Theory

1. Itemise five factors t hat enhance respect for fundamental human right
2. State five effects of human right abuse on the society.

Week Four

Topic: Human Rights – How to Prevent Human Right Abuse

Content

1. Human rights
2. How to prevent human right abuse
3. Limitation on human rights

Human rights as discussed in the previous chapter as the basic freedoms enjoyed by the citizens of a country.  These rights can be denied after a due legal process.

How to Prevent Human Right Abuse

1. A well democratic government should be inn place.  This enhances protection of citizen’s right.
2. A strong and free press:- A strong and free press will prevent abuse of human rights. Electronic and print media of Punch, AIT, TCS serve as vital antidote against the abuse of human rights in Nigeria.
3. Strict adherence to the rule of law . Both the government and the governed should obey the law.
4. Judiciary which is the last hope of man should be independent.
5. Law enforcement agencies such as : police state security services etc should be impartial .
6. The human right organisation such as (CLO), Committee for the Defence of human right (CDHR), National Association of Democratic Lawyers (NADL) should be active.
7. Human rights activists such as Major Abubabar Umar(Rtd), Festus Keyamo, Gani Fawehinmi should rise to the challenge.
8. Public Compliant Commission – ombudsman serves as a mechanism through which the rights of common man is protected.
9. The constitution should be held supreme to forbid harassment and intimidations
10. Enlightenment campaign, i.e mass literacy should be in place to make people know their rights.

Limitation of Human Rights

1. State of emergency e. Borno, Jos
2. A person suffering from contagious disease may be denied his right to association. E.g. leprosy, chicken pox etc
3. A minor (i.e a person less than eighteen years) may be prevented from voting 
4. A criminal suspect may be denied some of his rights to ensure justice
5. A condemned criminal cannot enjoy the right to life.
6. An individual’s property may be acquired by government for public use.

Evaluation

1. What is Human Rights?
2. Mention four ways of preventing human right abuse.

Weekend Assignment 

1. A person less than eighteen years can not vote in Nigeria
2. Yes B. No C. false D. untrue
3. When a person is condemned to death, his right to _______ is restricted.
4. life B. privacy C. conscience D. own property
5. The press can help to safeguard human right
6. Yes B. No C. Untrue D. I am not sure
7. One of the following is NOT a Human Right Activist
8. Chief Gani Fawehinmi
9. Major Abubakar Umar
10. Festus Keyamo
11. General Sanni Abacha
12. A person whose right is abused may lose confidence in the society.
13. Yes B. No C. Untrue D. None of the above

Theory

1. Suggest five ways by which human right abuse can be curbed in Nigeria.
2.   List five Human Right crusaders you know.

Week 5

Topic: Rights and Obligations of Nigeria Citizens

Content

1. Rights of a good citizen
2. Duties /obligations of a good citizen

Rights are the privileges given by law to be enjoyed by citizens of a country.  These rights are entrenched in the constitution of every country.  The following are the rights of a good citizen:

1. Right to life
2. Right to freedom of expression 
3. Right to fair hearing
4. Right to freedom of association
5. Right to vote or be voted for
6. Right to freedom of conscience and religion
7. Right to privacy
8. Right to dignity of human person

Obligations Performed by a Good Citizen

Obligation refers to duties expected to be performed by a good citizen. These duties are

1. Payment of taxes: A good citizen must pay his tax.  Failure to pay tax is referred to as tax evasion
2. Taking part in politics:  A good citizen must vote during election or stand as candidates for a political party.  Non challant attitudes to election is known as political apathy.
3. Obedience to Law: Law is made for our own good.  A good citizen must adhere strictly to the Law of the land.
4. Respect for National Symbols:  Symbols such as Naira notes, Anthem, The pledge, The President should be honoured 
5. Readiness to Serve: A good citizen should be willing to serve in the army when necessary if he or she is appointed in any capacity he/she must not object to it
6. A good citizen must have respect for Parents and Elders.
7. A good citizen must respect public property e.g Power Holding  equipment, Public utilities eg Stadium, schools etc.

Failure to perform these duties may result to

1. Disunity.
2. Breaking down of law and order.
3. Insecurity.
4. Loss of lives.
5. Slow growth.

Evaluation

1. What is a right?
2. State five obligation of a good citizen.

Weekend Assignment

1. _________ are the privileges given by law to be enjoyed by citizens of a country.
2. Rights B. Left C.  Punishment D. Abuse
3. Failure to perform our obligations can lead to ___________.
4. disunity B. progress C. development D. growth
5. A person who pays his tax regularly can be described as
6. bad citizen B. good citizen C. useless citizen D. sycophant
7. _______ are the same as duties.
8. Obligations B. Rights C. Privileges D. non of the above
9. It is good to be a good citizen.
10. Yes B. No C. Yes or No D. None of the above

Theory

1. Outline any five basic fundamental human rights of a citizen.
2. State five obligation expected to be performed by a good citizen.

Week Six

Topic: Traffic Rules and Regulations

Content

1. Traffic Rules and Regulations
2. Effects of disobeying traffic rules and regulations 

Traffic can be described as the movement of vehicles, goods and people from one place to another.  Such vehicles include cars, lorries, aircraft, ships, trains etc.

The rules and regulations that govern smooth movement on the roads are referred to as Traffic Rules and Regulations.  

Traffic light : these are unique lights at road junction to control the flows of traffic.  It has colours of green, red and yellow.  The lights function as follows:

1. Green – Go ahead
2. Red – Stop

iii. Yellow- Get ready

The traffic ruless  include the following :

1. Avoid drinking alcohol while driving.
2. Park to receive and make calls.
3. Avoid over speeding.
4. Always use indictors for various movement .
5. Adhere strictly to road signs.
6. Avoid parking your car in obstruction.
7. Use your seat belt while driving
8. Motorcyclists should use helmet and avoid overloading.
9. Motor cyclist should use normal horn.
10. Avoid loud music while driving while motorcyclist should not use radio at all.
11. Pedestrians should use road pavement while they walk on the roads
12. Pedestrian bridges should be used where provided or zebra crossing points.
13. Pedestrians should walk opposite the traffic rather than backing it while they walk on the road.
14. Look left, right and left before crossing the road.
15. Observe the speed limit

Evaluation

1. What is traffic rules and regulations 
2. Outline any five rules that must be obeyed on the road.

Weekend Assignment

1. The three colours in the traffic light  are
2. Yellow, blue, white
3. Yellow, black, red
4. Red, Yellow and Green
5. None of the above
6. __________ is the movement of person, vehicles and goods from one place to another,
7. Traffic B. Sports C. Exercise D. Loitering
8. To avoid accident we must
9. observe the speed limit
10. drink while driving 
11. disobey traffic rules
12. over speed
13. Green light indicates
14. Stop B. Go C. Standby D. None of the above
15. Red  light means ________
16. Stop B. Go C. Standby D. None of the above

Theory

1. Outline any five traffic rules you know.
2. Mention three colours in the traffic light and their meaning.

References: Fundamentals of Civic Education for Basic 7 JSS1.

Week Seven

Topic: Road Accident in Nigeria

Content

• meaning 
• Causes of Road Accident
• How to Prevent Road Accident
• Agencies that maintain safety on the highway.

Road accident refers to mishap that occur on our roads that result into  loss of lives and property.  Road accident involves vehicles and human being and goods.  The following are the causes of road accident.

1. Disobedience to traffic rules and regulations.
2. Poor nature of our roads e.g bend, narrow, bridges and bump.
3. Reckless or wrong parking of vehicles.
4. Ignorance on the part of the motorist.
5. Poor condition of the vehicles e.g dull light, malfunction brake etc
6. Absence of road signs on most of the roads.
7. Wrong overtaking.

Consequences of road accident in Nigeria

1. Loss of lives and property i.e thousand die yearly due to road accident.
2. Road accident leads to disability.
3. It brings fear and anxiety.
4. Economic loss to the nation.

How to Prevent Road Accident

1. Proper enlightenment for motorist.
2. Motorist should desist from using fake spare parts e.g fake tyres.
3. The government should carry out regular maintenance on the roads.
4. There should be road signs to give drivers information about the road.
5. The motorist should avoid alcohol while driving.
6. Making and answering calls should be avoided while driving.

Agencies That Ensure Safety On The Road

1. Federal Road Safety Corps (Commission )
2. Vehicles Inspection Officer (V.I.O)
3. Lagos State Transport Management Agency
4. Nigeria Police (NP)

Evaluation

1. How can accident be prevented on the high way.
2. Mention any four agencies that ensure safety on the high way.

Weekend Assignment 

1. The best way to avoid accident on the high ways is to _______.
2. drink alcohol while driving B. drive recklessly on he high way
3. exceed the speed limit D.  observe the speed limit. 
4. Road accident can lead to loss of lives.
5. No B. Yes C. I am not sure D. none of the above
6. The agency saddled with the responsibility of ensuring safety on the highway is ______.
7. FRSC B. NUT C. NUJ D. MAN
8. Bad roads can lead to accident.
9. Yes B. No C. I am not sure D. all of the above
10. Adherence to road signs can help to ________ accident.
11. prevent B. increase C. have D. step up

Theory

1. List four agencies that ensure safety on the high way.
2. Outline five ways of preventing road accident.

Week Eight

Topic: Basic Facts on State

Content

1. State, Capitals, slogans, emblems, dates of creation, number of Local Government Area .

S/N State Capital Slogan/Emblems Dates of creation No of LGA

1. Abia Umuahia   God’s own State 27thAug, 1991 17
2. Adamawa Yola Highest peak of the nation 27thAug, 1991 21
3. Akwa Ibom Uyo Land of promise 27th Aug. 1987 33
4. Anambra Awka Home for all 27th Aug. 1991 21
5. Bauchi Bauchi Pearl of tourism 3rd Feb. 1976 20
6. Bayelsa Yenogoa Pride of the nation 1st Oct. 1996 9
7. Benye Makurdi Food basket of the nation 3rd Feb. 1976 23
8. Borno Maiduguri Home of peace 27th May,1967 27
9. C.River Calabar People’s Paradise 3rd Feb. 1976 19
10. Delta Asaba The big heart 27th Aug. 1991 26
11. Ebonyi Abakaliki The salt of the nation 1st Oct. 1996 13
12. Edo Benin City The heartbeat of the nation 27th May, 1987 18
13. Ekiti Ado Ekiti Fountain of knowledge 1st Oct. 1996 16
14. Enugu Enugu Coal city State 27th May 1987 17
15. Gombe Gombe Jewel in the Savannah 1st Oct. 1996 11
16. Imo Owerri   Eastern heartland 3rd Feb 1976 27
17. Jigawa Dutse   The new world 27th Aug. 1991 28
18. Kaduna Kaduna Liberal State 27th Aug. 1987 25
19. Kano Kano Centre of Commerce 27th May 1967 44
20. Katsina Katsina Home of Hospitality 27th Aug 1987 34
21. Kebbi Bernin Kebbi Land of equity 27th Aug. 1991 22
22. Kogi Lokoja The confluence State 27th Aug.1991 22
23. Kwara Ilorin The State of Harmony 27th May 1987 10
24. Lagos Ikeja Centre of Excellence 27th May 1967 20
25. Nasarawa Lafia Home of Solid mineral 1st Oct. 1996 13
26. Niger Minna The Power State 3rd Feb. 1976 25
27. Ogun Abeokuta The Gateway State 3rd Feb 1976 22
28. Ondo Akure The Sunshine State 3rd Feb. 1976 19
29. Osun Osogbo State of Living Spring 27th Aug.1991 30
30. Oyo Ibadan The Pacesetters 27th May, 1967 24
31. Plateau Jos Home of Peace and Tourism 27th May1967 24
32. Sokoto Sokoto Seat of the Caliphate 27th May 1967 23
33. Taraba Jalingo Nature’s gift of the Nation 27th Aug. 1991 16
34. Yobe Damaturu The Young Shall Grow 27th Aug. 1991 18
35. Zamfara Gusua Home of Agricultural 

  product 1st Oct. 1996 15

36. FCT Abuja Centre of Unity 12th Dec. 1991 6

Week Nine

Topic: Notables Notes and Common Abbreviation.

Content

-Notable Notes

–  Common Abbreviation

–  Important Event before Independence 

–  Important Political Events since Independence

Notable Notes

OAU – Organization of African Unity was founded May 1963.  Its headquarters is in

 Addis Ababa Ethiopia.

UBE – Universal Basic Education

UN – United Nations

NAFDAC – National Agency For Food, Drug Administration and Control.

INEC – Independent National Electoral Commission

KAI – Kick Against Indiscipline

WHO – World Health Organisation 

FERMA – Federal Road Maintenance Agency

NLC – Nigeria Labour Congress

NBA – Nigeria Bar Association

ILO – International Labour Organisation 

IMF – International Monetary Fund

OPEC – Organisation of Petroleum Expository Countries

PH.D – Doctor of Philosophy

GMT – Greenwich Meridian Time

P.M – Post Meridian

A.M – Ante Meridian

Important Event Before Independence

1859 –  The first newspaper in Nigeria, Iwe Iroyin was established.

1914 – The North and Southern Protectorates were amalgamated to form Nigeria (Nigeria was 

born.

10th June 1956- Crude oil was discovered in Oloibiri in the present Bayelsa State.

1959 – The first pre-national election was held that brought Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa of

Northern People Congress as Governor.

Importance Political Events Since Independence

1. 1st October 1960 Nigeria became an independent country.
2. 1st October 1963 Nigeria became a Republic Mid Western Region was created
3. 22nd May 1973- NYSC was created.
4. 9th May 1987 –  Chief Obafemi Awolowo died.

5 12th December 1986 – Professor Wole Soyinka became the first African to win the Nobel Prize in Literature.

6. 4th-8th October 2003. all African Games (COJA) was held in Abuja
7. 29thMarch 2006-  Nigeria witnessed eclipse of the sun across the country.

Evaluation

1. What is the full meaning of Ph.D, OPEC, GMT.?
2. When did Nigeria become independent?

Weekend Assignment

1. When did Nigeria became independent?
2. 1st October 1960 B.2nd April, 1906 C. 1st November 1970 D. 4th April 2001.
3. GMT means : A. Greenwich Meridian Time B. Good Morning Teacher
4. God Moving Time D. None of the above
5. Petroleum was first discovered in commercial quantity in ________.
6. Lagos B. Oloibiri Bayelsa State C.Oyo, Ibadan   D. Akure Ondo State
7. The Northern and Southern Protectorate was amalgamated on
8. 1st October, 1960 B. 1st October 1963 C. January, 1914 D. 27th May 2012
9. Where is the Headquarters of Organisation of African Unity?

A.Ikeja B. Ibadan C. Onikan D. Addis Ababa

Theory

1. Write the full meaning of
2. NAFDAC ii. INEC iii. Who iv. NBA v. KAI

Week Ten

Topic: Road Safety Vocabulary

Content

1. Road Safety Vocabulary
2. Road Safety Tips

1. Pavement – The place near the road, for people to walk on
2. Kerb – The edge of the pavement where it meets the road.
3. Vehicle – Anything with wheels that uses the road.
4. Traffic – Vehicles actually using the roads
5. Pedestrian – A person who is walking on the roads
6. Stationery car – A car which has been stopped or parked.

7 Right of way – A vehicle has right of way when it is expected to go while other vehicle wait.

8. T. junction – Where two roads meet in the space of a T
9. Pelican – A pedestrian crossing which is controlled by traffic lights.

10 Zebra crossing – A pedestrian crossing which has black and white strips on the road.

11. Subway – A pedestrian crossing which goes underneath the road.
12. Footbridge – A pedestrian crossing which goes over the road.

Road Safety Tips

1. Avoid standing in a moving vehicle, always maintain a sitting position.
2. Door levers or any vehicle operating devices should not be tampered with while driving.
3. Avoid playing football beside the road.
4. Always walk on the major road being accompanied by your parents.
5. Seek assistance before crossing the road.
6. Do not hang on the vehicle.
7. Always say no to strangers.

Evaluation

1. Write a short notes on
2. vehicle ii. Zebra crossing iii. Kerb
3. Mention five things we must do to ensure safety on the high way.

Weekend Assignment

1. The place near the road, for people to walk on is known as _________.
2. right way B. traffic C. pavement D. kerb
3. A pedestrian crossing which goes over the road.

A.foot bridge B. subway C. T. junction D. right of way

3. Where two roads meet in the space of a T is known as
4. T. junction B. pavement C. kerb D. Subway
5. It is safe to stand in a moving vehicle
6. yes B. no C. I am not sure D. it is safe
7. A person who is walking on the road is
8. T. junction B. pedestrian C. police D. vehicle

Theory

1 .Write a short note on

1. Subway b. Right of way c.  Traffic d. Foot bridge
2. Write five road safety tips