Wages and Income Distribution Social Studies Primary 5

Wages and Income

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Subject   :  Social Studies

Class  : Basic 5 / Primary 5  / Class 5

Term : Second   Term

Week  : Week 8

Topic  :

Wages and Income

Previous Knowledge : The pupils have previous knowledge of

Employment

that was taught  in their previous classes

Behavioural  Objectives : At the end of the lesson , pupils should be able to

• Explain wages and income
• Explain why different people earn different wages and income
•  Write out the possible sources of wages and income that are  available for individual or family

Instructional Materials 

• Wall charts
• Pictures
• Online Resource
• Textbooks

Methods of Teaching 

• Role modelling
• Questions and Answers
• Explanation
• Discussion
• Recitation
• Imitation
• Story Telling

Content :  

What are wages and income ?

Wages and income is the term that is used to describe money that comes in whenever someone is involved in any productive commercial activities . Wages may be daily or weekly money that is paid to unskilled workers or semi skilled workers . Workers like cobbler , bricklayers or bus conductors are paid wages . Skilled workers are paid regularly at the end of the month and such payment is known as salary . Workers like bankers , teachers or journalists are paid their salaries at the end of the month .

Evaluation

1. Wages and income describe the money people get when they are involved in ____________ activities. a) fun b) productive commercial c) educational d) leisure
2. ____________ workers may get daily or weekly wages. a) Unhappy b) Unskilled c) Unfriendly d) Unusual
3. A cobbler, bricklayer, or bus conductor may receive ____________. a) salary b) wages c) tips d) gifts
4. Skilled workers receive their pay ____________. a) daily b) weekly c) monthly d) yearly
5. Workers like bankers, teachers, or journalists get paid their ____________ at the end of the month. a) tips b) gifts c) salaries d) rewards
6. Wages and income refer to the money earned from ____________ activities. a) sleeping b) playing c) productive commercial d) watching TV
7. Daily or weekly money paid to unskilled workers is called ____________. a) salary b) wages c) gifts d) rewards
8. Skilled workers are paid their wages ____________. a) daily b) weekly c) monthly d) yearly
9. Workers like bankers, teachers, or journalists are paid their ____________ at the end of the month. a) tips b) gifts c) wages d) salaries
10. Wages and income come from being involved in ____________ activities. a) unproductive b) productive commercial c) lazy d) boring
11. ____________ workers may receive daily or weekly wages. a) Happy b) Unskilled c) Energetic d) Smart
12. A cobbler, bricklayer, or bus conductor may receive their pay in the form of ____________. a) salary b) gifts c) wages d) tips
13. Skilled workers get paid ____________ at the end of the month. a) daily b) weekly c) monthly d) yearly
14. Workers like bankers, teachers, or journalists receive their ____________ at the end of the month. a) rewards b) wages c) tips d) salaries
15. Wages and income come from being involved in ____________ activities. a) fun b) productive commercial c) lazy d) sleeping

Why do different people earn different wages and income  ? 

Different people earn different wages and income because of the following reasons

• Period of Training : Length of time or periods of training of some vocations or jobs are usually very long and these makes it possible for people that can endure and undergo that long period of training to earn higher than other professionals . Profession like medicine requires serious reading , training , practical and funds . Medical students always spend more time in medical schools than their friends.
• Possession of special expertise or technical knowhow :  This simply refers to people that have mastered their crafts and are very good at what they do . This gives them the advantage to name their price whenever their services are needed . When their prices are named , they are always higher than what is available at the current rate at labour marker . For instance , if teachers are paid eighty thousand naira in Lagos and Edu Delight Tutors has applied for employment in your school and eventually he is chosen for employment after passing all the hurdles of interview ; He may negotiate with the school owner that he may not settle for eighty thousand naira monthly salary because he has got this expertise or that technical knowhow .
• Quality of Work done : Someone can distinguish himself or herself and command higher income if he or she can be more efficient in his or her duty . This is possible when you become more dedicated , dutiful and devoted to your work . This may lead to promotion or a raise in salary or gifts or bonus .
• Monopoly of Industry : When an organization is the only company that provides a service for a community or sate , then that organization can monopolize the industry and fix its income higher that what is available elsewhere or in another country . NEPA or PHCN is a very good example in Nigeria . They bring outrageous crazy electric bills every month  even though the Electric transformer that supplies your area with electric power has been down for four months . If you write letter to complain these issues to them , they will tell you that you cannot fight with PHCN and if you do , you are fighting a lost battle because their members of staff know very well of PHCN monopoly and it is not financially cheaper to be on generator 24 / 7
• Presence of Labour Unions or Law : Some professionals that belong to special labour unions always have their income fixed by the law of that particular organizations or unions . Even the artisans like barbers , tailor or pepper grounders always that you that they can not render their services below a specific amount of money because that is what the stipulations of their labour laws . They even have their own task force members that are sent out to monitor every member and make sure that each member complies with the laws
• Occupational Immobility Of Labour : This simply refers to the inability of someone switching from one occupation to another  . It is not impossible but it is difficult . For instance , in a school , a teacher will definitely earns higher that the cleaner that works in the toilet . A very good school will not just move a cleaner from the toilet to classroom just because there is vacancy . No . For a cleaner to become  a classroom teacher , the person needs a change in his occupation from being a janitor to being an educationist . This can be done by enrolling in schools as part time students to further his education

Evaluation

1. Different people earn different wages and income due to the ____________ of their training. a) length b) cost c) type d) duration
2. Medicine requires serious reading, training, practical, and ____________. a) tests b) funds c) experiments d) experiments
3. Possession of special expertise or technical know-how allows individuals to ____________ their price. a) lower b) name c) hide d) increase
4. Teachers may negotiate a higher salary based on their ____________. a) dedication b) attendance c) uniform d) handwriting
5. The quality of work done can lead to ____________ in salary or promotion. a) decrease b) stability c) increase d) stagnation
6. When an organization monopolizes an industry, they can fix their income ____________. a) lower b) higher c) equally d) fairly
7. NEPA or PHCN is an example of a company that has a ____________. a) monopoly b) competition c) partnership d) collaboration
8. Some professionals’ income is fixed by the ____________ of their labor unions. a) laws b) rules c) guidelines d) suggestions
9. Occupational immobility of labor refers to the inability to easily switch from one ____________ to another. a) job b) industry c) profession d) occupation
10. In a school, a teacher earns more than a cleaner due to ____________ of labor. a) mobility b) flexibility c) immobility d) stability
11. Becoming a teacher from a cleaner requires a change in ____________. a) occupation b) mindset c) location d) clothing
12. Some professionals belong to ____________ labor unions. a) special b) general c) universal d) specific
13. Teachers may negotiate a higher salary based on their ____________. a) hard work b) laziness c) gossiping d) rudeness
14. An organization can fix its income higher due to its ____________ of the industry. a) monopoly b) collaboration c) competition d) partnership
15. Professionals may have their income fixed by the ____________ of their labor unions. a) guidelines b) suggestions c) rules d) policies

More Reasons Why Some People Earn Higher Than Others . 

•  Level of qualification
• The value of services
• Amount and the quantity of work done.
• Negotiation skill
• Employer and employee Relationship
• Gender
• Trade union support

Causes of Unemployment

1. Shortage of money: When government and private companies have little money to pay salaries, many people may be sacked, and so become unemployed.

2.  Underdevelopment: Some countries are yet to develop. As a result, many industries, large business firms or large farms that can employ many people cannot be set up there. The few places of work can only employ a few people.

The rest of the people are, therefore, unemployed.

3 . Lack of necessary skills: Some people do not have the requisite skills (skills needed to do a particular job) or qualifications to get employment. Such people may be refused employment in companies and industries, and they become unemployed.

4.  Overpopulation: If there are too many people for the available jobs, unemployment may occur.

5.  Laziness: Some people are too lazy to do any serious work. Instead, they prefer to beg.

6.  Inability to work: There are handicapped people, many of who are not capable of working. They include the deaf and dumb, crippled people, and blind people. Many of these people may not be able to do regular jobs because of their disability.

SOME ACTIONS TAKEN BY WORKERS THAT FEEL THEY ARE UNDERPAID

• They may go on strike
• Some will quit their job and look for another one with more pay
• They may dialogue with the authorities or management of the organization
• They may petition the authorities or write officially for an increase in pay
• Demonstration protest although dialogue is preferable
• Court actions

Evaluation

Presentation  

The topic is presented step by step

Step 1 : The class teacher revises the old topic

Step 2 : The class teacher introduces the new topic

Step 3 : The class teacher allows the pupils to give their own contributions and gives room for pupils” participation

Class Teacher And Pupils Activities. Interaction or  Participation 

This involves class teacher  and pupils interaction , conversation , imitation or modeling through discussion , play method or just by recitation or asking and answering questions that are related to the topic that has just been taught

• The class teacher asks the pupils to say what job the pupils want to do in future
• The class teacher asks the pupils why they chose that type of job that they mention
• The class teacher let the pupils to know why different people earn different income

Evaluation 

1. What is wages ?
2. What is salary ?
3. Mention three workers that earn wages
4. Mention three workers that earn salary
5. What are the difference between salaries and wages . Mention two
6. List three causes of underemployment
7. Mention four reasons why people earn different income
8. Mention two actions that can be taken by workers that feel that they are being under paid

Lesson Notes On Social Studies For Primary Five 

Conclusion 

The class teacher does the necessary corrections and he or she goes round to mark .

Assignment 

The class teacher should stimulate the pupils’ interest  on

COMMUNICATION

and make them to read or learn about it as they prepare for the next lesson .

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Lesson Notes On Social Studies For Primary Five