Non-Communicable Diseases Physical and Health Education JSS 3 First Term Lesson Notes Week 6

Physical and Health Education JSS 3 First Term Lesson Notes Week 6

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Subject: Physical and Health Education

Class: JSS 3

Term: First Term

Week: 6

Age: 12-14 years

Topic: Non-Communicable Diseases

Subtopics:

1. Definition of Non-Communicable Diseases
2. Prevention and Management Strategies
3. Nature of Diseases (e.g., Sickle Cell, Obesity, Kwashiorkor)

Duration: 40 minutes

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Behavioural Objectives

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. Define non-communicable diseases.
2. Identify different types of non-communicable diseases.
3. Discuss prevention and management strategies for these diseases.
4. Explain the nature and effects of specific diseases like Sickle Cell, Obesity, and Kwashiorkor.

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Keywords:

• Non-Communicable Diseases
• Prevention
• Management
• Sickle Cell
• Obesity
• Kwashiorkor

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Set Induction (5 minutes)

The teacher asks, “What do you think are the main differences between communicable and non-communicable diseases?” This question prompts students to think critically and engage in discussion.

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Entry Behaviour

Students have basic knowledge of diseases from previous lessons and are aware of general health concepts.

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Learning Resources and Materials:

1. Charts showing different non-communicable diseases
2. Video clips on prevention and management strategies
3. Case studies of patients with non-communicable diseases

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Building Background / Connection to Prior Knowledge

The teacher connects the lesson to previous discussions on communicable diseases, highlighting the importance of understanding non-communicable diseases as part of overall health education.

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Embedded Core Skills:

• Critical thinking (analyzing disease management)
• Communication (sharing knowledge about health)
• Awareness of personal health choices

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Reference Books:

• Lagos State Scheme of Work for Physical and Health Education
• Approved PHE Textbooks for JSS 3

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Instructional Materials:

1. Visual aids (posters and charts)
2. Whiteboard and markers for definitions
3. Multimedia resources for engaging presentations

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Content

1. Definition of Non-Communicable Diseases

• Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are diseases that cannot be transmitted from one person to another.
• They are often long-lasting and are generally caused by lifestyle choices, genetic factors, or environmental conditions.

2. Nature of Diseases

• Sickle Cell Disease: A genetic blood disorder that affects the shape of red blood cells, leading to various health complications.
• Obesity: A condition characterized by excessive body fat, increasing the risk of other health issues such as diabetes and heart disease.
• Kwashiorkor: A severe form of malnutrition caused by inadequate protein intake, leading to swelling and other health problems.

3. Prevention and Management Strategies

• Healthy Lifestyle Choices: Eating a balanced diet and exercising regularly.
• Regular Health Check-ups: Visiting healthcare providers to monitor health status.
• Education and Awareness: Understanding the risks and signs of non-communicable diseases to take preventive action.

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15 Fill-in-the-Blank Questions

1. __________ diseases cannot be spread from one person to another.
   a) Communicable
   b) Non-Communicable
   c) Seasonal
2. Sickle Cell Disease is a __________ disorder.
   a) Genetic
   b) Viral
   c) Bacterial
3. A person with __________ may have excessive body fat.
   a) Sickle Cell
   b) Kwashiorkor
   c) Obesity
4. Kwashiorkor is caused by a lack of __________ in the diet.
   a) Carbohydrates
   b) Vitamins
   c) Protein
5. One way to prevent non-communicable diseases is to maintain a __________ diet.
   a) High-fat
   b) Balanced
   c) Low-calorie
6. Obesity increases the risk of developing __________ disease.
   a) Heart
   b) Influenza
   c) Measles
7. Regular __________ can help monitor health and detect diseases early.
   a) Exercise
   b) Health check-ups
   c) Eating
8. Education about health can help prevent __________ diseases.
   a) Communicable
   b) Non-communicable
   c) Infectious
9. Sickle Cell Disease affects the shape of __________ cells.
   a) White blood
   b) Platelet
   c) Red blood
10. A balanced diet includes __________ of different food groups.
    a) One type
    b) A variety
    c) None
11. To manage obesity, one should increase __________ levels.
    a) Sedentary
    b) Activity
    c) Stress
12. Non-communicable diseases are often __________ lasting.
    a) Short
    b) Long
    c) Temporary
13. Kwashiorkor leads to __________ in children.
    a) Obesity
    b) Swelling
    c) Fever
14. Lifestyle choices impact the risk of __________ diseases.
    a) Non-communicable
    b) Communicable
    c) Genetic
15. Awareness of health risks is crucial for __________ health.
    a) Poor
    b) Good
    c) Uncertain

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15 FAQ with Answers

1. Q: What are non-communicable diseases?
   A: They are diseases that cannot be spread from one person to another.
2. Q: Can non-communicable diseases be treated?
   A: Yes, they can be managed with proper treatment and lifestyle changes.
3. Q: What causes obesity?
   A: Obesity is caused by consuming more calories than the body uses.
4. Q: How can we prevent sickle cell disease?
   A: Sickle cell disease is genetic; it cannot be prevented but can be managed.
5. Q: What are the symptoms of Kwashiorkor?
   A: Symptoms include swelling of the belly, fatigue, and changes in skin color.
6. Q: How can healthy eating help prevent diseases?
   A: A healthy diet strengthens the immune system and reduces disease risk.
7. Q: Is regular exercise important?
   A: Yes, it helps maintain a healthy weight and reduces the risk of diseases.
8. Q: What role does education play in disease prevention?
   A: Education raises awareness about health risks and prevention strategies.
9. Q: Can stress lead to non-communicable diseases?
   A: Yes, chronic stress can contribute to conditions like heart disease.
10. Q: Why should we have regular health check-ups?
    A: Regular check-ups help detect health issues early and allow for timely treatment.
11. Q: Are non-communicable diseases common in Nigeria?
    A: Yes, they are increasingly prevalent due to lifestyle changes.
12. Q: What is the impact of genetics on non-communicable diseases?
    A: Genetics can increase the risk of developing certain diseases.
13. Q: How does malnutrition affect health?
    A: Malnutrition can lead to diseases like Kwashiorkor and increase vulnerability to other illnesses.
14. Q: What is a balanced diet?
    A: A balanced diet includes a variety of foods from all food groups in the right proportions.
15. Q: What can families do to promote good health?
    A: Families can promote good health by encouraging healthy eating and physical activity.

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Presentation Steps

Step 1: The teacher revises the previous topic, which was about communicable diseases.
Step 2: The teacher introduces the new topic on non-communicable diseases.
Step 3: The teacher allows the pupils to give their own contributions and corrects them where necessary.

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Teacher’s Activities

1. Defines non-communicable diseases and provides examples.
2. Discusses prevention and management strategies.
3. Engages students with questions and visual aids.

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Learners’ Activities

1. Participate in discussions about non-communicable diseases.
2. Answer questions during the lesson.
3. Take notes and draw relevant diagrams.

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Assessment

The teacher evaluates understanding through questions and class participation, observing students during discussions.

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Evaluation Questions

1. What is a non-communicable disease?
2. Name two examples of non-communicable diseases.
3. How can obesity be prevented?
4. What are the main symptoms of Kwashiorkor?
5. Why is it important to have regular health check-ups?
6. How does a balanced diet help prevent diseases?
7. What causes Sickle Cell Disease?
8. Can lifestyle choices affect non-communicable diseases?
9. What strategies can help manage obesity?
10. How can education improve health awareness?

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Conclusion

The teacher goes around to mark students’ notes and provides feedback on their understanding of non-communicable diseases.

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