Physical and Health Education JSS 3 Second Term Lesson Notes – Week 4

Topic: Diseases, Vectors, and Pathogens

Lesson Details

• Subject: Physical and Health Education
• Class: JSS 3
• Term: Second Term
• Week: 4
• Age: 12–15 years
• Topic: Diseases, Vectors, and Pathogens
• Sub-topic: Common Diseases, Their Vectors, and Pathogens
• Duration: 40 minutes

Behavioral Objectives

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. Define diseases, vectors, and pathogens.
2. Identify different types of diseases.
3. Explain the role of vectors in disease transmission.
4. State examples of diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.
5. Describe prevention and control measures for common diseases.

Keywords

• Disease – A disorder or illness affecting the body.
• Vector – An organism that transmits disease.
• Pathogen – A microorganism that causes disease.
• Bacteria – Single-celled organisms that can cause infections.
• Virus – A microscopic agent that replicates inside living cells.
• Fungi – Organisms such as molds and yeasts that can cause infections.
• Parasite – An organism that lives on or inside a host, causing harm.

Set Induction

The teacher starts by asking students:

• Have you ever had malaria or food poisoning?
• What do you think caused it?
• Do you know how diseases spread?

These questions will engage students and help them relate to the topic.

Entry Behavior

Students should have prior knowledge of hygiene, germs, and general body care from previous classes.

Learning Resources and Materials

• Charts showing different types of pathogens.
• Pictures of mosquitoes, flies, and other vectors.
• Videos or animations on disease transmission.

Building Background/Connection to Prior Knowledge

The teacher reminds students of previous lessons on personal hygiene and disease prevention. The teacher explains that some diseases are caused by harmful microorganisms and spread through vectors like mosquitoes, flies, and rodents.

Embedded Core Skills

• Critical thinking
• Problem-solving
• Collaboration
• Health awareness

Lesson Content

1. Definition of Key Terms

• Disease: A condition that affects the normal functioning of the body.
• Vector: A living organism that carries and transmits pathogens to humans or animals.
• Pathogen: A microorganism such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites that cause diseases.

2. Common Diseases and Their Vectors

3. Types of Pathogens and Examples of Diseases They Cause

Prevention and Control of Diseases

1. Personal Hygiene: Washing hands, bathing regularly, and keeping nails clean.
2. Environmental Sanitation: Proper waste disposal and covering food.
3. Use of Vaccines: Immunization against polio, measles, and other diseases.
4. Use of Insecticide-Treated Nets (ITNs): Prevent mosquito bites and malaria.
5. Safe Drinking Water and Proper Food Handling: To prevent waterborne diseases.
6. Avoiding Contact with Infected Persons: Reduces the spread of contagious diseases.
7. Use of Protective Measures: Wearing gloves and face masks in high-risk areas.
8. Sexual Health Practices: Using protection to prevent sexually transmitted diseases.

Class Activity Discussion

1. What is a disease?
2. Define a pathogen.
3. Give two examples of bacterial diseases.
4. Name a disease caused by fungi.
5. What is the role of vectors in disease transmission?
6. Mention two diseases caused by viruses.
7. How is malaria transmitted?
8. What are three ways to prevent cholera?
9. Why is vaccination important?
10. List two ways to prevent mosquito-borne diseases.
11. What is the difference between bacteria and viruses?
12. Give two examples of sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
13. What is a waterborne disease? Provide an example.
14. How can a person avoid getting ringworm?
15. Why is it important to drink clean water?

Evaluation Questions

1. Which of these diseases is caused by a virus?
   a) Tuberculosis
   b) Typhoid
   c) Polio
   d) Ringworm
2. The vector for malaria is ___.
   a) Housefly
   b) Mosquito
   c) Cockroach
   d) Louse
3. A pathogen is ___.
   a) A type of bacteria
   b) A disease-causing microorganism
   c) A medicine
   d) A type of insect
4. Which of these is a sexually transmitted disease?
   a) Malaria
   b) Gonorrhea
   c) Cholera
   d) Ringworm
5. A major way to prevent cholera is ___.
   a) Eating stale food
   b) Drinking untreated water
   c) Washing hands regularly
   d) Avoiding vaccinations
6. Polio is caused by ___.
   a) Bacteria
   b) Virus
   c) Fungi
   d) Parasite
7. Which of these diseases is fungal?
   a) Typhoid
   b) Ringworm
   c) Tuberculosis
   d) Mumps
8. The best method to prevent malaria is ___.
   a) Drinking plenty of water
   b) Sleeping under an insecticide-treated net
   c) Avoiding crowded places
   d) Using antibiotics
9. Scabies is caused by ___.
   a) Virus
   b) Bacteria
   c) Mites
   d) Fungi
10. The main vector of yellow fever is ___.
    a) Anopheles mosquito
    b) Aedes mosquito
    c) Housefly
    d) Cockroach

Conclusion

The teacher summarizes the lesson, emphasizing the roles of vectors and pathogens in disease transmission. The teacher also asks students to explain how they can protect themselves from common diseases.

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