Relationship Between Ẹ̀gbá and Ọ̀yọ́ Empire in Pre-Colonial Nigeria History JSS 2 First Term Lesson Notes Week 6

History Lesson Plan: Relationship Between People from Different Centers of Civilization in Pre-Colonial Nigeria – Ẹ̀gbá and Ọ̀yọ́ Empire

1. Subject: History
2. Class: JSS 2
3. Term: First Term
4. Week: 6
5. Age: 12-13 years
6. Topic: Relationship Between People from Different Centers of Civilization – Ẹ̀gbá and Ọ̀yọ́ Empire
7. Sub-Topic: Political, Cultural, and Economic Relationships
8. Duration: 40 minutes
9. Behavioral Objectives:
   By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
10. Explain the political connection between the Ẹ̀gbá people and the Ọ̀yọ́ Empire.
11. Describe the cultural practices shared between the two civilizations.
12. Discuss the economic exchanges between the Ẹ̀gbá and Ọ̀yọ́ Empire.
13. Keywords: Ẹ̀gbá, Ọ̀yọ́, trade, diplomacy, political alliance, culture
14. Set Induction:
    The teacher will ask, “What do you know about the Yoruba people and their empires?” to engage students and introduce the topic.
15. Entry Behavior:
    Students are familiar with the Ọ̀yọ́ Empire and its influence in Yoruba history.
16. Learning Resources and Materials:

• Map of pre-colonial Nigeria showing the locations of Ẹ̀gbá and Ọ̀yọ́.
• Pictures of traditional festivals and artifacts from both regions.

14. Building Background/Connection to Prior Knowledge:
    Students have previously studied the rise and fall of the Ọ̀yọ́ Empire. This lesson focuses on the relationship between Ọ̀yọ́ and other Yoruba groups like the Ẹ̀gbá.
15. Embedded Core Skills:

• Map interpretation
• Critical thinking
• Analytical discussion

16. Reference Books:

• Lagos State Scheme of Work for History
• History for Junior Secondary Schools

17. Instructional Materials:

• Maps, charts, and cultural artifacts representing both Ẹ̀gbá and Ọ̀yọ́.

Content

Political Relationship Between Ẹ̀gbá and Ọ̀yọ́ Empire

• The Ẹ̀gbá originally lived under the influence of the Ọ̀yọ́ Empire.
• Political alliances were maintained between them, especially through shared leadership structures and defense collaborations.
• After the collapse of the Ọ̀yọ́ Empire, many Ẹ̀gbá people migrated to Abeokuta, where they formed a new political center.

Cultural Exchanges Between Ẹ̀gbá and Ọ̀yọ́

1. Language and Identity: Both groups speak different dialects of the Yoruba language.
2. Religion: They practiced traditional Yoruba religion, revering Òrìṣà (deities) like Ṣàngó and Ọ̀rúnmìlà.
3. Festivals: Both regions celebrated important Yoruba festivals, including Egúngún and Oro festivals.

Economic Connections Between Ẹ̀gbá and Ọ̀yọ́ Empire

• Trade routes connected Ẹ̀gbá settlements and the Ọ̀yọ́ Empire, facilitating the exchange of goods like kola nuts, cloth, and cowries.
• Both civilizations benefited from long-distance trade, including interactions with the northern regions and the Atlantic coast.
• After migrating to Abeokuta, the Ẹ̀gbá developed into a major trading hub in southwestern Nigeria.

15 Fill-in-the-Blank Questions with Options

1. The Ẹ̀gbá people were initially under the influence of the ______ Empire.
   a) Ọ̀yọ́ b) Sokoto c) Benin d) Bornu
   Answer: a) Ọ̀yọ́
2. After the collapse of the Ọ̀yọ́ Empire, the Ẹ̀gbá settled in ______.
   a) Lagos b) Abeokuta c) Ibadan d) Ijebu
   Answer: b) Abeokuta
3. Both Ẹ̀gbá and Ọ̀yọ́ celebrated the ______ festival.
   a) Egúngún b) Durbar c) New Yam d) Argungu
   Answer: a) Egúngún
4. A key item traded between Ẹ̀gbá and Ọ̀yọ́ was ______.
   a) Kola nuts b) Diamonds c) Salt d) Oil
   Answer: a) Kola nuts
5. The Ọ̀yọ́ Empire was known for its powerful ______.
   a) Army b) Navy c) Priests d) Traders
   Answer: a) Army
6. Both Ẹ̀gbá and Ọ̀yọ́ practiced the Yoruba traditional religion, revering deities like ______.
   a) Ṣàngó b) Allah c) Oduduwa d) Amina
   Answer: a) Ṣàngó
7. The Ẹ̀gbá eventually migrated to ______ due to political instability.
   a) Lagos b) Abeokuta c) Oyo Ile d) Zaria
   Answer: b) Abeokuta
8. The Ọ̀yọ́ Empire maintained influence through ______.
   a) Trade alliances b) Conquering coastal areas c) Political exile d) Farming only
   Answer: a) Trade alliances
9. The Ẹ̀gbá region developed into a key trade center after moving to ______.
   a) Lagos b) Abeokuta c) Ibadan d) Benin
   Answer: b) Abeokuta
10. The Ọ̀yọ́ Empire collapsed due to ______.
    a) Internal conflict b) Religious changes c) European invasion d) Agricultural failure
    Answer: a) Internal conflict

15 FAQs with Answers

1. Where were the Ẹ̀gbá people originally from?
   They were originally under the influence of the Ọ̀yọ́ Empire.
2. What caused the migration of the Ẹ̀gbá to Abeokuta?
   The collapse of the Ọ̀yọ́ Empire led to the migration.
3. What festivals do both Ẹ̀gbá and Ọ̀yọ́ celebrate?
   They celebrate the Egúngún and Oro festivals.
4. What type of goods did Ẹ̀gbá and Ọ̀yọ́ trade?
   They traded kola nuts, cloth, and cowries.
5. What language do both groups speak?
   They speak different dialects of the Yoruba language.
6. What was the significance of Abeokuta for the Ẹ̀gbá?
   It became a major trading hub in southwestern Nigeria.
7. Which Yoruba deity is popular in both Ẹ̀gbá and Ọ̀yọ́?
   Ṣàngó, the god of thunder.
8. How did the Ọ̀yọ́ Empire maintain power?
   Through a powerful army and trade alliances.
9. What event weakened the Ọ̀yọ́ Empire?
   Internal conflicts led to its collapse.
10. What economic activity was important for the Ẹ̀gbá?
    Long-distance trade.

Presentation Steps

1. Step 1: Review the lesson on the Ọ̀yọ́ Empire.
2. Step 2: Introduce the topic by explaining the connection between Ẹ̀gbá and Ọ̀yọ́.
3. Step 3: Discuss their shared culture, political ties, and trade connections.

Teacher’s Activities

• Display a map showing the locations of Ẹ̀gbá and Ọ̀yọ́.
• Explain how the Ẹ̀gbá migrated to Abeokuta.
• Show pictures of artifacts and discuss their significance.

Learners’ Activities

• Identify the locations of Ẹ̀gbá and Ọ̀yọ́ on the map.
• Participate in class discussions.
• Answer questions during the lesson.

Assessment

• Describe the political relationship between the Ẹ̀gbá and Ọ̀yọ́ Empire.
• List two cultural exchanges between the Ẹ̀gbá and Ọ̀yọ́.
• Explain the economic relationship between the two civilizations.

Evaluation Questions

1. Where did the Ẹ̀gbá people settle after leaving the Ọ̀yọ́ Empire?
2. What type of goods did they trade with the Ọ̀yọ́ Empire?
3. Name two Yoruba festivals celebrated by both Ẹ̀gbá and Ọ̀yọ́.
4. Which Yoruba god is associated with thunder?
5. What role did Abeokuta play for the Ẹ̀gbá?
6. What led to the collapse of the Ọ̀yọ́ Empire?
7. How did the Ọ̀yọ́ Empire maintain power?
8. What caused the migration of the Ẹ̀gbá people?
9. Name one Yoruba deity worshipped by the Ẹ̀gbá and Ọ̀yọ́.
10. How did the Ẹ̀gbá benefit from trade?

Conclusion

The teacher will summarize the political, cultural, and economic relationship between the Ẹ̀gbá and the Ọ̀yọ́ Empire. Students’ work will be marked, and corrections will be made where necessary.