Exploring Soap Making: Ingredients and Uses for Primary 5 Basic Science Third Term Lesson Notes Week 3

Subject: Basic Science

Class: Primary 5

Term: Third Term

Week: 3

Topic: Exploring Soap Making

Sub-topic: Understanding the process of making soap from local materials and its uses.

Duration: 45 minutes

Behavioural Objectives:

• Students should be able to identify materials used in making soap.
• Students should be able to describe the active ingredients in local soap materials.
• Students should be able to explain how to make soap from local materials.
• Students should be able to list and discuss the uses of soap.

Learning Resources and Materials:

• Pictures or samples of soap-making materials (e.g., palm oil, caustic soda)
• Visual aids demonstrating the soap-making process
• Soap-making ingredients (if available)
• Samples of finished soap
• Whiteboard and markers

Building Background / Connection to prior knowledge:

• Review previous lessons on hygiene and cleanliness.
• Discuss any experiences students may have had with using soap at home.

Embedded Core Skills:

• Critical thinking
• Communication
• Practical skills

Content:

1. Materials used in making soap.
2. Active ingredients in local soap materials.
3. Steps to make soap from local materials.
4. Uses of soap in everyday life.

Presentation:

1. Materials used in making soap:
   • Palm oil 🌴
   • Coconut oil 🥥
   • Caustic soda (sodium hydroxide) 🧪
   • Water 💧
2. Active ingredients in local materials used in making soap:
   • Fatty acids in palm oil and coconut oil
   • Caustic soda reacts with oils to make soap
3. Making soap from local materials:
   • Mix palm oil and coconut oil with caustic soda
   • Stir well and let it cool and solidify
4. Uses of soap:
   • Washing hands 🖐️
   • Bathing 🛀
   • Cleaning dishes 🍽️
   • Laundry washing 👚

Evaluation :

1. What materials are used in making soap? a) Flour and sugar b) Palm oil and coconut oil c) Milk and honey d) Rice and beans
2. Which ingredient reacts with oils to make soap? a) Water b) Vinegar c) Caustic soda d) Lemon juice
3. What are the active ingredients in palm oil and coconut oil used in making soap? a) Fatty acids b) Vitamins c) Minerals d) Proteins
4. What is the primary purpose of caustic soda in making soap? a) Adding color b) Making it smell nice c) Reacting with oils d) Making it slippery
5. How do you make soap from local materials? a) Mix water with oil b) Boil coconut oil c) Mix oils with caustic soda d) Add salt to oil
6. What is the final step in making soap from local materials? a) Pour into molds and let it cool b) Drink the mixture c) Throw it away d) Boil it again
7. What is one use of soap? a) Eating b) Swimming c) Washing hands d) Sleeping
8. How do we use soap for cleaning dishes? a) Rub it on our clothes b) Put it in the fridge c) Mix with water and scrub dishes d) Throw it away
9. Where do we use soap for washing? a) In the garden b) On the roof c) In the bathroom d) On the street
10. What do we use soap for while taking a bath? a) Drinking b) Eating c) Washing our body d) Watching TV
11. Which ingredient is necessary for making soap slippery? a) Water b) Oil c) Salt d) Caustic soda
12. What makes soap good for washing hands? a) It makes them sticky b) It makes them smell bad c) It removes dirt and germs d) It makes them dry
13. What happens if we mix oil with water without adding caustic soda? a) We get soup b) We get ice cream c) Nothing happens d) We get separate layers
14. What is an essential step in making soap? a) Playing outside b) Sleeping c) Mixing ingredients well d) Eating candy
15. Why is soap important in our daily lives? a) It makes us sick b) It helps us stay clean and healthy c) It makes our clothes dirty d) It makes us sleepy

Class Activity Discussion :

1. What materials are used in making soap?
   • Palm oil, coconut oil, caustic soda, and water.
2. What are the active ingredients in the local materials used in making soap?
   • Fatty acids in palm oil and coconut oil, and caustic soda.
3. How do you make soap from local materials?
   • Mix palm oil and coconut oil with caustic soda, stir well, and let it cool.
4. What are some uses of soap?
   • Washing hands, bathing, cleaning dishes, and laundry washing.
5. Why do we use palm oil and coconut oil in soap making?
   • They contain fatty acids that react with caustic soda to make soap.
6. What is caustic soda’s role in making soap?
   • Caustic soda reacts with oils to form soap.
7. Can you name one active ingredient in caustic soda?
   • Sodium hydroxide.
8. What happens when we mix oils with caustic soda?
   • It creates a chemical reaction that turns the mixture into soap.
9. Why is it important to mix the ingredients well when making soap?
   • To ensure that all the ingredients react properly and form soap.
10. How do we know when soap is ready to use?
    • When it solidifies and cools down.
11. What can we do with soap once it’s made?
    • We can use it for washing ourselves, our clothes, and our dishes.
12. Why do we need to wash our hands with soap?
    • Soap helps to remove dirt and germs from our hands, keeping us healthy.
13. Is it safe to use soap for bathing?
    • Yes, soap is safe for bathing and helps to keep our bodies clean.
14. What happens if we don’t use soap when washing our hands?
    • We may not be able to remove all the dirt and germs, which could make us sick.
15. How does soap help with laundry washing?
    • Soap helps to break down stains and dirt on clothes, making them clean and fresh.

Step 1: Revision

• The teacher revises the previous topic, emphasizing the importance of cleanliness and hygiene.
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Step 2: Introduction of the new topic

• The teacher introduces the topic of soap making, explaining its relevance to personal hygiene.
• Display pictures or samples of soap-making materials to engage students’ interest.

Step 3: Interactive session

• The teacher allows students to share their knowledge of soap and its uses.
• Present the materials used in making soap and discuss their properties.
• Demonstrate the process of making soap from local materials, involving students in the discussion.

Teacher’s Activities:

• Presenting information about soap making.
• Facilitating discussions and interactions.
• Demonstrating the soap-making process.

Learners’ Activities:

• Listening to the teacher’s explanations.
• Participating in discussions and sharing their own experiences.
• Observing the soap-making demonstration.

Assessment:

• Observing students’ participation and engagement during the discussion and demonstration.
• Asking questions to assess understanding.

Evaluation Questions:

1. What are the main materials used in making soap?
2. Can you name one active ingredient in caustic soda?
3. How do we make soap from local materials?
4. What is one use of soap in everyday life?
5. Why is cleanliness important for our health?
6. How does soap help us stay healthy?
7. What happens when we mix oils with caustic soda?
8. Can you list three steps involved in making soap?
9. What are some examples of soap-making materials?
10. Why do we need to wash our hands with soap?

Conclusion:

• The teacher goes round to mark and provide corrections on students’ understanding of the topic.
• Summarize key points discussed during the lesson and emphasize the importance of personal hygiene and cleanliness.

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