Temperature Primary 5 Third Term Lesson Notes Mathematics Week 1

Subject :Mathematics 

Class :Primary 5

Term : Third Term

WEEK 1

Topic: Temperature

Learning Objectives:

1. Understand the concept of temperature and its importance in daily life.
2. Identify the different temperature scales, specifically degrees Celsius (°C) and degrees Fahrenheit (°F).
3. Recognize the relationship and conversion between degrees Celsius and degrees Fahrenheit.
4. Perform accurate conversions between Celsius and Fahrenheit using the conversion formulas.
5. Apply the knowledge of temperature conversion in real-life scenarios.
6. compare the degree of hotness or coldness in degrees Celsius e.g my body’s temperature, the temperature in and the classroom, temperature of northern Nigerian and southern Nigeria, the temperature of the boiling water and the water in the normal room temperature
7. convert a given temperature in Centigrade to Fahrenheit using the Formula (9/5 X°C) +32

 

Embedded Core Skills:

1. Numeracy: Students will work with numbers and perform calculations to convert temperatures.
2. Measurement: Students will learn to measure temperature using degrees Celsius and degrees Fahrenheit.
3. Problem-solving: Students will apply their understanding of temperature conversion to solve practical problems.

 

Learning Materials:

1. Thermometers (Celsius and Fahrenheit scales)
2. Charts or visuals displaying the Celsius and Fahrenheit scales
3. Whiteboard and markers
4. Worksheets for practice exercises
5. Conversion formula handouts
6. Real-life temperature examples (e.g., weather reports)

 Content 

 Temperature : Meaning, Conversion 

 

Good morning, class! Today, we are going to talk about temperature. Temperature is an important concept that helps us understand how hot or cold something is. It is measured using a unit called degrees Celsius (°C) or degrees Fahrenheit (°F). In our country, Nigeria, we commonly use degrees Celsius to measure temperature.

Now, let’s start by understanding the concept of temperature. Imagine you touch a metal spoon and a plastic spoon that have been lying in the sun. Which one do you think will feel hotter? Yes, the metal spoon will feel hotter than the plastic spoon. This is because the metal conducts heat more easily, and it absorbs the heat from the sun faster.

Temperature is a way of measuring how hot or cold an object or the atmosphere is. We use special instruments called thermometers to measure temperature. A thermometer usually has a long, narrow glass tube with a bulb at the end. Inside the tube, there is a liquid called mercury or alcohol. When the temperature increases, the liquid in the bulb expands and rises up the tube. The scale on the side of the thermometer shows us the temperature in degrees Celsius.

Now, let’s learn how to read a thermometer. If you look at a thermometer, you will see numbers marked on the scale. Each number represents a specific temperature. The boiling point of water is 100°C, and the freezing point of water is 0°C. So, if the mercury in the thermometer rises to the 100°C mark, it means the temperature is boiling hot. If it drops to the 0°C mark, it means the temperature is freezing cold.

In addition to Celsius, some countries use Fahrenheit to measure temperature. In the Fahrenheit scale, the boiling point of water is 212°F, and the freezing point is 32°F. It’s important to know that Fahrenheit is not commonly used in Nigeria, but you might come across it in some international contexts.

Temperature is an essential concept in our daily lives. We use it to know how to dress appropriately for the weather. When the temperature is hot, we wear light clothes to keep ourselves cool. And when it’s cold, we put on warm clothes to stay cozy.

Remember, temperature is a measure of how hot or cold something is, and we measure it using degrees Celsius or degrees Fahrenheit. So, next time you see a thermometer, you’ll know how to read it and understand the temperature. That’s all for today’s lesson. I hope you enjoyed learning about temperature!

 

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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DEGREES CELSIUS AND DEGREES FAHRENHEIT.

 

Fahrenheit.

The Fahrenheit and Celsius scales are different.

􀁏The boiling point of water is at 100ºC or 212ºF.

􀁏The freezing point of water is at 0ºC or 32ºF.

On the Celsius scale 0ºC and 100ºC are 100 divisions apart, while on

the Fahrenheit scale 32ºF and 212ºF are 180 divisions apart (212–32 =

180). That implies that 100 degrees on the Celsius scale is equivalent to

180 degrees on the Fahrenheit scale.

100 Celsius units = 180 Fahrenheit units

1 Celsius unit = 180/100 Fahrenheit unit

= 1.8 Fahrenheit unit

= 9/5Fahrenheit unit

 

10 Celsius units = 9/5× 10 = 18 Fahrenheit units

From the temperature scale, we can see

:0ºC = 32ºF (95× 0 + 32 = 0 + 32 = 32)

10ºC = 50ºF (95× 10 + 32 = 18 + 32 = 50)

20ºC = 68ºF (95× 20 + 32 = 36 + 32 = 68)

Therefore, temperature from degree Celsius (ºC) to degree Fahrenheit (ºF) is given as:

F = 9/5× C + 32 F = 9 C/5 + 32

Subtract 32 from both sides:

F – 32 = 9 C/5

Multiply both sides by 9/5

.

5/9(F – 32) =9 C/5 ×5/9       C =5/9(F – 32)

Examples

1. Here 40ºC is converted to degrees

Fahrenheit.

Solution

F = 9/5× C + 32

= 9/5× 40 + 32

= 72 + 32 = 104

Therefore, 40ºC = 104ºF

 

2. Here 95ºF is converted to degrees

Celsius.

Solution

C = 5/9(95 – 32)

= 5/9× 63

= 35

Therefore, 95ºF = 35ºC

let’s compare the degree of hotness or coldness in degrees Celsius for various scenarios:

1. Body Temperature:
The average human body temperature is around 37°C. This is considered the normal body temperature for most individuals.

2. Classroom Temperature:
The temperature in a classroom can vary depending on factors such as weather, ventilation, and air conditioning. Generally, a comfortable classroom temperature is around 22-25°C. If the temperature goes above 25°C, it may start to feel warm, and if it drops below 22°C, it may feel cooler.

3. Northern Nigeria and Southern Nigeria:
Nigeria has a tropical climate, but there are regional differences between the northern and southern parts of the country. In general, the northern regions of Nigeria tend to have higher temperatures compared to the southern regions. During the hot season, temperatures in northern Nigeria can reach 40-45°C, while in the southern regions, temperatures usually range between 30-35°C.

4. Boiling Water:
The boiling point of water is 100°C at sea level. When water reaches this temperature, it starts to change from a liquid to a gas (steam). It is important to note that the boiling point of water can vary slightly depending on factors such as altitude and pressure.

5. Water at Room Temperature:
Room temperature typically refers to around 20-25°C, depending on various factors such as the season and climate. Water at room temperature usually matches this range.

Remember, these are general comparisons, and actual temperatures can vary based on specific circumstances. It’s always a good idea to use a thermometer to get accurate measurements when necessary.

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To convert a temperature from Celsius to Fahrenheit, you can use the formula: (9/5 × °C) + 32.

 

Let’s say we have a temperature of 25°C that we want to convert to Fahrenheit.

 

Using the formula, we substitute °C with 25:

 

(9/5 × 25) + 32

 

First, we simplify the fraction:

(9 × 25/5) + 32

 

Next, we perform the multiplication and addition:

(225/5) + 32

45 + 32

 

Finally, we add the two numbers together:

77°F

 

Therefore, 25°C is equivalent to 77°F.

 

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Examples of converting temperatures from Celsius to Fahrenheit using the formula (9/5 × °C) + 32:

Example 1:
Let’s convert 15°C to Fahrenheit:
(9/5 × 15) + 32
(135/5) + 32
27 + 32
59°F
Therefore, 15°C is equal to 59°F.

Example 2:
Let’s convert -5°C to Fahrenheit:
(9/5 × -5) + 32
(-45/5) + 32
-9 + 32
23°F
Therefore, -5°C is equal to 23°F.

Example 3:
Let’s convert 30°C to Fahrenheit:
(9/5 × 30) + 32
(270/5) + 32
54 + 32
86°F
Therefore, 30°C is equal to 86°F.

Example 4:
Let’s convert -10°C to Fahrenheit:
(9/5 × -10) + 32
(-90/5) + 32
-18 + 32
14°F
Therefore, -10°C is equal to 14°F.

Example 5:
Let’s convert 40°C to Fahrenheit:
(9/5 × 40) + 32
(360/5) + 32
72 + 32
104°F
Therefore, 40°C is equal to 104°F.

Remember, these examples demonstrate the conversion using the given formula. Always double-check your calculations and use a calculator if needed to ensure accuracy.

 

To convert a temperature from Fahrenheit to Celsius, you can use the formula: (°F – 32) × 5/9.

 

Let’s work on five examples of converting temperatures from Fahrenheit to Celsius:

 

Example 1:

Let’s convert 68°F to Celsius:

(68 – 32) × 5/9

36 × 5/9

180/9

20°C

Therefore, 68°F is equal to 20°C.

 

Example 2:

Let’s convert 86°F to Celsius:

(86 – 32) × 5/9

54 × 5/9

270/9

30°C

Therefore, 86°F is equal to 30°C.

 

Example 3:

Let’s convert 32°F to Celsius:

(32 – 32) × 5/9

0 × 5/9

0/9

0°C

Therefore, 32°F is equal to 0°C.

 

Example 4:

Let’s convert 50°F to Celsius:

(50 – 32) × 5/9

18 × 5/9

90/9

10°C

Therefore, 50°F is equal to 10°C.

 

Example 5:

Let’s convert 104°F to Celsius:

(104 – 32) × 5/9

72 × 5/9

360/9

40°C

Therefore, 104°F is equal to 40°C.

 

Remember to double-check your calculations and use a calculator if needed to ensure accuracy when converting between Fahrenheit and Celsius.

Exercise

Convert these temperatures to degrees Fahrenheit.

1. 25ºC
2. 15ºC
3. 17.5ºC
4. 80ºC
5. 0ºC
6. 30ºC
7. 12.5ºC
8. 100ºC
9. 1000ºC
10. 450ºC
11. 75ºC
12. 1250ºC

Convert these temperatures to degrees Celsius.

1. 77ºF
2. 68ºF
3. 392ºF
4. 158ºF
5. 122ºF
6. 149ºF
7. 176ºF
8. 221ºF
9. 1472ºF
10. 806ºF
11. 950ºF
12. 1750ºF

Unit

 

.􀁏temperature is the degree of hotness or coldness of an object

􀁏the instrument used in measuring (checking) temperature is the thermometer

􀁏the mercury thermometer is used to check room or air temperature

􀁏the clinical thermometer is used to check human body temperature

􀁏the maximum and minimum thermometer is used to check the lowest and the highest

temperature at a weather station

􀁏on the temperature scale, degrees Celsius can be converted to degrees Fahrenheit

and vice versa

􀁏to change the temperature from degrees Celsius to degrees Fahrenheit use this

formula:

F = 9/5× C + 32

􀁏the temperature from degrees Fahrenheit to degrees Celsius is given as

C = 2/9(F – 32).

Revision exercise 22

1. The table below shows the normal temperature (ºC) in Lokoja for a six-month period.

Month             Monthly (ºC) temperature

April                      28.9

May                       28.3

June                       22.2

July                         33.4

August                     22.2

September               29.4

Answer the following questions:

1. Use the above information to answer the following questions
   • a) Which month had the highest temperature?
   • b) Which months had same temperature?
   • c) Which were the coldest months?
   • d) By how much was September hotter than April?
   • e) What was the average temperature for the six months
2. Convert these temperatures to degrees Fahrenheit.
   • a) 15ºC
   • b) 28ºC
   • c) 125ºC
   • d) 305ºC
   • e) 5ºC
   • f) 15.5ºC
   • g) 45ºC
   • h) 18.5ºC
3. Convert these temperatures to degrees Celsius.
   • a) 113ºF
   • b) 86ºF
   • c) 68ºF
   • d) 131ºF
   • e) 158ºF
   • f) 284ºF
   • g) 599ºF
   • h) 680ºF

 

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The mercury thermometer shown has a range from -10ºC to 110ºC, with markings at every 10 degrees (0, 10, 20, etc.). Each division between the markings represents 2ºC. This means that if you have a temperature reading of 28ºC, it would fall between the 20ºC and 30ºC markings.

As mentioned, water boils at 100ºC on the Celsius scale. It’s also worth noting that on the Fahrenheit scale, water boils at 212ºF. This is the boiling point of water in both scales.

Thermometers like this are commonly used to measure the temperature of water, air, and other liquids. The movement of the liquid, in this case, mercury, indicates the temperature of the object or environment being measured.

If you have any further questions or would like to explore more about temperature measurement, please feel free to ask!

 

The relationship between degrees Celsius (°C) and degrees Fahrenheit (°F) is based on a mathematical formula. The formula allows you to convert temperatures from one scale to the other.

The conversion formula from Celsius to Fahrenheit is: °F = (9/5 × °C) + 32

To convert a temperature from Celsius to Fahrenheit, you multiply the Celsius value by 9/5, then add 32 to the result.

For example, let’s say we have a temperature of 25°C and we want to convert it to Fahrenheit: °F = (9/5 × 25) + 32 °F = (225/5) + 32 °F = 45 + 32 °F = 77

So, 25°C is equal to 77°F.

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Exercise: Convert these temperatures to degrees Fahrenheit.

1. 25ºC = 77ºF

2. 15ºC = 59ºF

3. 17.5ºC = 63.5ºF

4. 80ºC = 176ºF

5. 0ºC = 32ºF

6. 30ºC = 86ºF

7. 12.5ºC = 54.5ºF

8. 100ºC = 212ºF

9. 1000ºC = 1832ºF

10. 450ºC = 842ºF

11. 75ºC = 167ºF

12. 1250ºC = 2282ºF

 

Exercise: Convert these temperatures to degrees Celsius.

1. 77ºF = 25ºC

2. 68ºF = 20ºC

3. 392ºF = 200ºC

4. 158ºF = 70ºC

5. 122ºF = 50ºC

6. 149ºF = 65ºC

7. 176ºF = 80ºC

8. 221ºF = 105ºC

9. 1472ºF = 800ºC

10. 806ºF = 430ºC

11. 950ºF = 510ºC

12. 1750ºF = 954ºC

 

These conversions allow you to express the temperatures in both Celsius and Fahrenheit scales.

 

 

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Convert these temperatures to degrees Fahrenheit.

1. 25ºC = ______ºF

A) 77ºF

B) 68ºF

C) 32ºF

 

2. 15ºC = ______ºF

A) 59ºF

B) 32ºF

C) 86ºF

 

3. 17.5ºC = ______ºF

A) 63.5ºF

B) 80ºF

C) 212ºF

 

4. 80ºC = ______ºF

A) 176ºF

B) 212ºF

C) 50ºF

 

5. 0ºC = ______ºF

A) 32ºF

B) 68ºF

C) 100ºF

 

6. 30ºC = ______ºF

A) 86ºF

B) 104ºF

C) 158ºF

 

7. 12.5ºC = ______ºF

A) 54.5ºF

B) 92ºF

C) 36ºF

 

8. 100ºC = ______ºF

A) 212ºF

B) 320ºF

C) 50ºF

 

9. 1000ºC = ______ºF

A) 1832ºF

B) 500ºF

C) 90ºF

 

10. 450ºC = ______ºF

A) 842ºF

B) 572ºF

C) 125ºF

 

Convert these temperatures to degrees Celsius.

1. 77ºF = ______ºC

A) 25ºC

B) 35ºC

C) 46ºC

 

2. 68ºF = ______ºC

A) 20ºC

B) 52ºC

C) 89ºC

 

3. 392ºF = ______ºC

A) 200ºC

B) 100ºC

C) 300ºC

 

4. 158ºF = ______ºC

A) 70ºC

B) 45ºC

C) 180ºC

 

5. 122ºF = ______ºC

A) 50ºC

B) 82ºC

C) 104ºC

 

6. 149ºF = ______ºC

A) 65ºC

B) 25ºC

C) 92ºC

 

7. 176ºF = ______ºC

A) 80ºC

B) 110ºC

C) 220ºC

 

8. 221ºF = ______ºC

A) 105ºC

B) 70ºC

C) 180ºC

 

9. 1472ºF = ______ºC

A) 800ºC

B) 400ºC

C) 120ºC

 

10. 806ºF = ______ºC

A) 430ºC

B) 250ºC

C) 600ºC

 

Remember to choose the correct option that represents the accurate conversion.

 

 

Lesson Plan Presentation: Temperature – Relationship between Degrees Celsius and Degrees Fahrenheit, Conversion

Grade: Primary 4

Subject: Mathematics

Topic: Temperature – Relationship between Degrees Celsius and Degrees Fahrenheit, Conversion

Presentation:

I. Introduction (5 minutes)

• Greet the students and briefly recap their previous knowledge of temperature.
• Explain the importance of temperature and its relevance in our daily lives.
• State the learning objectives for the lesson.

II. Understanding Temperature and Temperature Scales (10 minutes)

• Introduce the concept of temperature and its measurement.
• Discuss the two main temperature scales: Celsius and Fahrenheit.
• Show visuals or charts displaying the Celsius and Fahrenheit scales.
• Explain that different countries use different temperature scales.

III. Relationship between Degrees Celsius and Degrees Fahrenheit (15 minutes)

• Discuss the relationship between Celsius and Fahrenheit scales.
• Present the conversion formulas:
  • °F = (9/5 × °C) + 32 (Celsius to Fahrenheit)
  • °C = (°F – 32) × 5/9 (Fahrenheit to Celsius)
• Explain the steps involved in converting temperatures between the two scales.
• Provide examples and demonstrate the conversion process.

 

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IV. Teacher’s Activities (20 minutes)

• Engage students in interactive activities:
  • Show different temperature readings on a Celsius thermometer and ask students to convert them to Fahrenheit.
  • Provide Fahrenheit temperatures and ask students to convert them to Celsius.
• Use real-life examples to reinforce the understanding of temperature conversion.
• Facilitate discussions and address any questions or difficulties students may have

 

 

V. Learners’ Activities (20 minutes)

• Distribute worksheets for practice exercises on temperature conversion.
• Assign students to work individually or in pairs to solve the conversion problems.
• Encourage students to use the conversion formulas and show their calculations.
• Monitor students’ progress and provide assistance when needed.

 

VI. Assessment (10 minutes)

• Administer a short quiz to assess students’ understanding of temperature conversion.
• Include ten evaluation questions covering various conversion scenarios.
• Evaluate students’ ability to apply the conversion formulas correctly.
• Provide feedback and address any misconceptions.

 

VII. Conclusion (5 minutes)

• Recap the main points covered in the lesson, emphasizing the relationship between degrees Celsius and degrees Fahrenheit.
• Emphasize the importance of temperature conversion in practical situations.
• Encourage students to apply their knowledge of temperature conversion in everyday life.
• Summarize the lesson’s learning objectives and outcomes.

 

Evaluation Questions:

1. Convert 25ºC to degrees Fahrenheit.
2. What is the boiling point of water in degrees Celsius and degrees Fahrenheit?
3. Convert 68ºF to degrees Celsius.
4. How would you convert -10ºC to degrees Fahrenheit?
5. What is the formula to convert degrees Fahrenheit to degrees Celsius?
6. Convert 100ºC to degrees Fahrenheit.
7. At what temperature do degrees Celsius and degrees Fahrenheit have the same numerical value?
8. Convert 392ºF to degrees Celsius.
9. What is the freezing point of water in degrees Celsius and degrees Fahrenheit?
10. Convert 450ºC to degrees Fahrenheit.

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Conclusion: In conclusion, today we learned about temperature, specifically the relationship between degrees Celsius and degrees Fahrenheit. We discussed the importance of temperature measurement and the two main temperature scales. We also explored the conversion formulas to convert temperatures between Celsius and Fahrenheit.

Throughout the lesson, we engaged in interactive activities, practiced conversion exercises, and assessed our understanding through evaluation questions. It’s crucial to remember that temperature conversion plays a significant role in everyday life, especially when interpreting weather reports, cooking, or understanding international temperature measurements.

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By mastering temperature conversion, we have developed important numeracy, measurement, and problem-solving skills. Remember to apply this knowledge in practical situations and continue practicing temperature conversions to strengthen your understanding.

Always embrace the opportunity to explore temperature and its impact on our lives. Keep up the excellent work, and I look forward to our next mathematics lesson!

 

 

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